Exploring the Th2 Response in Obesity and Metabolic Dysfunction-Associated Steatotic Liver Disease (MASLD): A Potential Modulator of the Renin-Angiotensin System (RAS) Pathway in Hypertension Development.

Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), now referred to as metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD), is alarmingly increasing alongside the cases of obesity worldwide. MASLD is an underestimated metabolic abnormality closely linked with a higher risk of developing systemic arterial hypertension (SAH). However, the underlying mechanism of association between MASLD and SAH remains unknown.

Metabolic Changes Induced by Bariatric Surgery May be Mediated by PAI-1 and PCSK9 Crosstalk.

Background: Adiposity favors several metabolic disorders with an exacerbated chronic pro-inflammatory status and tissue damage, with high levels of plasminogen activator inhibitor type 1 (PAI-1) and proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9 (PCSK9).

Objective: To demonstrate the influence of bariatric surgery on the crosstalk between PAI-1 and PCSK9 to regulate metabolic markers.

Methods: Observational and longitudinal study of 190 patients with obesity and obesity-related comorbidities who underwent bariatric surgery.

Decreased Hepatic and Serum Levels of IL-10 Concur with Increased Lobular Inflammation in Morbidly Obese Patients.

: Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is associated with obesity and ranges from simple steatosis to non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), fibrosis, cirrhosis, and hepatocellular carcinoma. Accumulating evidence in animal models suggests that loss of interleukin-10 (IL-10) anti-inflammatory actions might contribute to lobular inflammation, considered one of the first steps toward NASH development. However, the role of IL-10 in lobular inflammation remains poorly explored in humans.

The cardiovascular polypill as baseline treatment improves lipid profile and blood pressure regardless of body mass index in patients with cardiovascular disease. The Bacus study.

Background: Pharmacological treatment with lipid-lowering and antihypertensive drugs has been proposed as a strategy to improve excess cardiovascular (CV) risk among obese individuals. The present study aimed to assess whether the CV polypill (Sincronium®) could be an effective strategy to help improve CV risk factor control in obese/overweight individuals requiring secondary prevention.

Methods: This was an observational, retrospective study reviewing the hospital medical records of 479 patients with established CV disease who initiated treatment with the CV polypill between 2013 and 2019 at a general hospital in Mexico.

Topical Antimicrobial Agents for the Prevention of Burn-Wound Infection. What Do International Guidelines Recommend? A Systematic Review.

Background: Choosing adequate topical antimicrobial agents in burn patients still represents a challenge. Therefore, this systematic review was conducted to compile and evaluate current recommendations in international clinical practice guidelines (CPGs) to develop more consistent clinical guidance.

Methods: A systematic search for CPGs was conducted independently by two reviewers using PubMed, EMBASE, Google Scholar, and external citations.

Exposure of Primary Human T Cells and Monocytes to Polyclonal Stimuli Reveals a Basal Susceptibility to Display an Impaired Cellular Immune Response and Develop Severe COVID-19.

The contribution of the cellular immune response to the severity of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is still uncertain because most evidence comes from patients receiving multiple drugs able to change immune function. Herein, we conducted a prospective cohort study and obtained blood samples from 128 unvaccinated healthy volunteers to examine the response pattern of CD4+ and CD8+ T cells and monocyte subsets to polyclonal stimuli, including anti-CD3, anti-CD28, poly I:C, severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus type 2 (SARS-CoV-2) recombinant spike S1 protein, and lipopolysaccharide. Then, we started a six-month follow-up and registered 12 participants who got SARS-CoV-2 infection, from whom we retrospectively analyzed the basal immune response pattern of T cells and monocytes.

[Consensus on the use of iSGLT2 in the treatment of patients with type 2 diabetes ].

Although in recent years in Mexico the quality of diabetes mellitus (DM) care has improved and access to health services and medications has increased, there is a lack of adherence to the recommendations of the clinical guidelines, which could explain the poor glycemic control in many of the patients with DM. Sodium-glucose cotransporter type 2 (iSGLT2) inhibitors have been the last class of antidiabetic agents to receive approval from the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) and COFEPRIS (Mexico). In order to improve the use of SGLT2i in clinical practice in Mexico, this paper presents the recommendations issued by a panel of eleven Mexican experts based on the new published evidence for the treatment of patients with DM2.

Dysentery as the First Manifestation of Severe COVID-19.

The presence of dysentery as the first manifestation of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is highly atypical and it may present with concomitant respiratory symptoms or as a single manifestation. Diagnosis is often difficult due to its clinical presentation similar to gastrointestinal diseases, such as infectious diarrhea. We present a case of a 35-year-old male who presented with dysentery as the first manifestation of severe COVID-19.

The Neutrophil-to-Monocyte Ratio and Lymphocyte-to-Neutrophil Ratio at Admission Predict In-Hospital Mortality in Mexican Patients with Severe SARS-CoV-2 Infection (Covid-19).

There is a deep need for mortality predictors that allow clinicians to quickly triage patients with severe coronavirus disease 2019 (Covid-19) into intensive care units at the time of hospital admission. Thus, we examined the efficacy of the lymphocyte-to-neutrophil ratio (LNR) and neutrophil-to-monocyte ratio (NMR) as predictors of in-hospital death at admission in patients with severe Covid-19. A total of 54 Mexican adult patients with Covid-19 that met hospitalization criteria were retrospectively enrolled, followed-up daily until hospital discharge or death, and then assigned to survival or non-survival groups.

Brain insulin circuit. From the basics to impact on the clinic.

The discovery and synthesis of insulin has been vital in the study and treatment of diabetes mellitus. From the studies carried by Dr. Nicolae C.

Six Month Polypill Therapy Improves Lipid Profile in Patients with Previous Acute Myocardial Infarction: The Heart-Mex Study.

Background: Acute myocardial infarction (AMI) is a leading cause of death in Mexico. Atherogenic lipid profile is a key component in AMI. Thus, it is imperative to find drug therapies able to reduce atherogenic lipids in AMI patients and prevent subsequent myocardial infarctions.

[Asociación del estado hormonal con el riesgo cardiovascular evaluado por Globorisk en mujeres mexicanas].

Introduction: Cardiovascular disease is the main cause of mortality worldwide. In women, its incidence increases at the sixth decade of life, coinciding with postmenopause. Whether this effect is due to menopause-related hormonal changes is not known.

Metabolic Syndrome and Cardiovascular Disease: A Health Challenge.

Metabolic Syndrome (MetS) is a cluster of risk factors that, taken alone or synergically, are independent predictors of type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular disease (CVD), which are both major public health problems that requires urgent containment actions. Current controversies regarding MetS are focused on ascertain the unifying explanation of molecular and pathophysiological mechanisms originating the syndrome, involving insulin resistance and low-grade chronic inflammation. This review aims to present the clinical relevance of MetS and its complications, as well as the hypotheses addressing its etiopathogenic relation with CVD.

[Relationship of hyperuricemia with low density lipoprotein , liver function tests and markers of systemic inflammation in patients with morbid obesity].

Objective: To examine the relationship of uric acid levels with parameters of systemic inflammation, metabolic dysfunction as well as anthropometric parameters and liver function tests in subjects with morbid obesity.

Methods: C-reactive protein (CRP), tumour necrosis factor-alpha, and interleukin 10 (IL-10) were analyzed in 49 women and men with morbid obesity, relating these markers with uric acid, hepatic function tests, anthropometric and metabolic parameters. Metabolic parameters as serum glucose level, glycosylated hemoglobin, total cholesterol, triglycerides, high density lipoprotein and low density lipoprotein (c-LDL) as well as hepatic function parameters were measured in all subjects.

Present and past perspectives on Clostridium difficile infection.

Clostridium difficile is a Gram-positive bacillus that has become one of the main hospital-acquired human gastrointestinal infections in recent years. Its incidence is on the rise, involving more virulent strains, affecting new and previously uncontemplated groups of patients, and producing changes in clinical presentation and treatment response that influence disease outcome. Early diagnosis and disease stratification based on the severity of C.

Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease can be predicted by retinal vascular changes in patients with obesity without hypertension or diabetes.

Objective: To evaluate the utility of predicting nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and obesity by retinal vascular changes (RVC) found in fundoscopy and to determine whether this is related to a low-grade inflammatory process.

Methods: We carried out a cross-sectional analysis that included 152 (ages 18-45 years) patients divided into four groups: NAFLD and BMI less than 25, absence of NAFLD and BMI less than 25, NAFLD and BMI more than 30, and absence of NAFLD and BMI more than 30. Retinal fundoscopy, hepatic ultrasound, metabolic profile, and cytokine measurement were performed.

Reduced systemic levels of IL-10 are associated with the severity of obstructive sleep apnea and insulin resistance in morbidly obese humans.

Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) has been related to elevation of inflammatory cytokines and development of insulin resistance in morbidly obese (MO) subjects. However, it is still unclear whether the systemic concentration of anti-inflammatory mediators is also affected in MO subjects directly related to the severity of OSA and level of insulin resistance. Normal weight and MO subjects were subjected to overnight polysomnography in order to establish the severity of OSA, according to the apnea-hypopnea index (AHI).

Severity of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease is associated with high systemic levels of tumor necrosis factor alpha and low serum interleukin 10 in morbidly obese patients.

Morbid obesity has been shown to increase the risk to develop hepatic steatosis, also referred to as non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). Emerging evidence suggests that the severity of NAFLD may associate with increased serum levels of inflammatory markers as well as decreased concentration of mediators with anti-inflammatory actions, such as tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) and interleukin (IL) 10, respectively. We thus examined the serum levels of TNF-α and IL-10 in 102 morbidly obese women and men (body mass index > 40 kg/m(2)), exhibiting different grades of NAFLD.

Hyperleptinemia is associated with parameters of low-grade systemic inflammation and metabolic dysfunction in obese human beings.

Leptin is an adipose tissue-derived hormone that has been involved in hypothalamic and systemic inflammation, altered food-intake patterns, and metabolic dysfunction in obese mice. However, it remains unclear whether leptin has a relationship with parameters of systemic inflammation and metabolic dysfunction in humans. We thus evaluated in a cross-sectional study the circulating levels of leptin in 40 non-obese and 41 obese Mexican individuals, examining their relationship with tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α), interleukin (IL) 12, IL-10, central obesity, serum glucose and insulin levels, and serum triglyceride and cholesterol concentrations.

Serum IL-12 is increased in Mexican obese subjects and associated with low-grade inflammation and obesity-related parameters.

Interleukin-(IL-) 12 has been recently suggested to participate during development of insulin resistance in obese mice. Nevertheless, serum IL-12 levels have not been accurately determined in overweight and obese humans. We thus studied serum concentrations of IL-12 in Mexican adult individuals, examining their relationship with low-grade inflammation and obesity-related parameters.