Exploring Gender Differences in Receipt of the 5As for Smoking Cessation for Recently-Diagnosed Cancer Patients (ECOG-ACRIN EAQ171CD).

Introduction: Smoking cessation is important for men and women diagnosed with cancer. Oncology clinicians should encourage all patients to quit and offer resources to help them do so, following the 5As framework (Ask, Advise, Assess, Assist, and Arrange follow-up).

Method: This study tests gender differences in self-reported receipt of the 5As by an oncology provider among 306 recently-diagnosed male and female cancer patients.

Small-molecule inhibition of SARS-CoV-2 NSP14 RNA cap methyltransferase.

Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). The rapid development of highly effective vaccines against SARS-CoV-2 has altered the trajectory of the pandemic, and antiviral therapeutics have further reduced the number of COVID-19 hospitalizations and deaths. Coronaviruses are enveloped, positive-sense, single-stranded RNA viruses that encode various structural and non-structural proteins, including those critical for viral RNA replication and evasion from innate immunity.

A Qualitative Study of Black and Latine HIV Care Consumers' Perceptions of Providers' Behaviors, Medical Mistrust, and Experiences of Discrimination.

Black and Latine Americans face the highest HIV burden among U.S. racial and ethnic groups, exacerbated by intersectional stigma and medical mistrust.

Photophysics of a single quantum emitter based on vanadium phthalocyanine molecules.

Single quantum emitters play a fundamental role in the development of quantum technologies such as quantum repeaters, and quantum information processing. Isolating individual molecules with stable optical emission is an essential step for these applications, especially for those molecules that present large coherence times at room temperature. Among them, vanadium-oxide phthalocyanine (VOPc) molecules stand out as promising candidates due to the large coherence times of their ground state electronic spin, which are on the order of microseconds when measured in the ensemble.

[Translated article] National registry and analysis of pharmaceutical interventions in critical care units: PHARMACRITIC study.

Objective: To design a homogeneous methodology for the registration and analysis of pharmaceutical interventions performed in spanish intensive adults care units (ICUs).

Method: Observational, prospective, and multicentre study. In the first stage, a national registry of pharmaceutical interventions will be agreed upon and subsequently, all the pharmaceutical interventions performed on adult patients admitted to Spanish ICUs during 8 weeks will be recorded.

Introduction into natural environments shifts the gut microbiome of captivity-raised filter-feeding bivalves.

The gut microbiome is influenced by host species and the environment, but how the environment influences the microbiome of animals introduced into a new ecosystem has rarely been investigated. Freshwater mussels are aquatic fauna, with some threatened or endangered species propagated in hatcheries and introduced into natural systems as part of conservation efforts. The effects of the environment on the freshwater mussel gut microbiome were assessed for two hatchery-propagated species (, ) introduced into rivers within their natural range.

A sex-dependent algorithm including kappa free light chain for multiple sclerosis diagnosis.

Multiple sclerosis (MS) diagnosis includes the presence of restricted oligoclonal bands (OCB) in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), but it has several limitations, as it is an observer-dependent time-consuming technique and offers a dichotomous result. Thus kappa free light chains (KFLC) have emerged as a quantitative alternative. However, the cut-off values for KFLC have not been well established yet and it is not clear if differences between sexes exist.

18F-FDG-PET/CT Scan for Detection of Large Vessel Involvement in Giant Cell Arteritis: Arteser Spanish Registry.

Imaging studies have transformed the diagnosis of large vessel vasculitis (LVV) involvement in giant cell arteritis (GCA). A positron emission tomography/computed tomography (PET/CT) scan with 18-fluorodeoxyglucose (18F-FDG) has emerged as a valuable tool for assessing LVV. We aimed to determine the utility of an 18F-FDG-PET/CT scan in detecting LVV in GCA in the ARTESER registry.

Turmeric supplement-associated hepatitis: a clinicopathological series of 11 cases highlighting pan-lobular and zone 3 injury.

Aims: Although turmeric is commonly ingested and well tolerated, there is increasing evidence that over-the-counter turmeric supplements can cause drug-induced liver injury. We sought to thoroughly characterise clinicopathological features of patients for whom liver injury was attributed clinically to turmeric supplements.

Methods And Results: We identified 11 patients via retrospective pathology archive review: 10 females (91%) and one male, with a median age of 58 years (range = 37-66 years).

is dispensable for zygotic genome activation but essential for morula development.

Early embryogenesis is driven by transcription factors (TFs) that first activate the zygotic genome and then specify the lineages constituting the blastocyst. Although the TFs specifying the blastocyst's lineages are well characterized, those playing earlier roles remain poorly defined. Using mouse models of the TF , we show that embryos arrest at the early morula stage and exhibit altered lineage specification, frequent mitotic failure, and substantial chromosome segregation defects.

Spleen shear wave elastography measurements do not correlate with histological grading of liver fibrosis in Fontan physiology: a preliminary investigation.

Background: Elevated spleen stiffness may be seen in patients with portal hypertension due to cirrhosis. In patients with Fontan physiology, elevated liver stiffness has been shown to correlate poorly with liver fibrosis. It is unknown whether spleen stiffness may instead serve as a surrogate marker of liver fibrosis in these patients.

The curious case of the rare Citrobacter pasteurii isolated from an endangered primate in Brazil.

The genus Citrobacter comprises clinically important human pathogens but has been less frequently associated with wildlife infections. Citrobacter pasteurii was first identified as causing human diarrhea and remains rarely documented. In this study, a Gram-negative bacterial strain, named A318, was identified as causing diarrhea in a black lion tamarin.

Clinicopathologic Characterization of Invasive Fungal Intestinal Infections in Pediatric Patients.

Background: Invasive fungal intestinal infections are rare in pediatric patients with limited studies reported to date.

Methods: Retrospective study of invasive intestinal fungal infections in pediatric patients. For fungal specification, 18S rRNA gene PCR was performed using formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded tissues.

Emergence of collective behaviours from local Voronoi topological perception.

This article addresses how diverse collective behaviours arise from simple and realistic decisions made entirely at the level of each agent's personal space in the sense of the Voronoi diagram. We present a discrete-time model in two dimensions in which individual agents are aware of their local Voronoi environment and may seek static target locations. In particular, agents only communicate directly with their Voronoi neighbours and make decisions based on the geometry of their own Voronoi cells.

Synthetic 3D full-body skeletal motion from 2D paths using RNN with LSTM cells and linear networks.

Gait analysis has proven to be a key process in the functional assessment of people involving many fields, such as diagnosis of diseases or rehabilitation, and has increased in relevance lately. Gait analysis often requires gathering data, although this can be very expensive and time consuming. One of the main solutions applied in fields when data acquisition is a problem is augmentation of datasets with artificial data.

Breastfeeding in women with HIV infection: A qualitative study of barriers and facilitators.

Background: Until recently, breastfeeding has been contraindicated for women living with HIV (WHIV) in the U.S. However, given the numerous health benefits of breastfeeding, recommendations have changed to support parental choice to breastfeed through shared decision-making.

Prevalence and characteristics of chronic kidney disease in people with type 2 diabetes mellitus in the Autonomous Community of Aragon.

Aims: The main objective in this study was to determine the prevalence of Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD) in people with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM) in the Autonomous Community (AC) of Aragon (Spain) and to detect whether or not there is under-registration in the patient's history. As a secundary objetive, it was proposed to study the most relevant demographic and clinical characteristics of people with CKD.

Methods: Observational and retrospective real world data study of the population over 18 years of age with a diagnosis of T2DM, between January 2017 and December 2021.

Community health action and COVID-19 in Barcelona neighbourhoods: responses and challenges.

The COVID-19 pandemic exacerbated pre-existing social, economic and political inequalities. The evidence describes the use of community engagement approaches to support appropriate COVID-19 prevention and control measures. We aimed to delve deeper into the community response to COVID-19 in Barcelona neighbourhoods with different pre-existing levels of development of community health action (CHA).

Multi-level alignment processes in the sustainment of a youth substance use treatment model following a federal implementation initiative: A mixed method study.

Introduction: Government agencies have identified evidence-based practice (EBP) dissemination as a pathway to high-quality behavioral health care for youth. However, gaps remain about how to best sustain EBPs in treatment organizations in the U.S.

Early Detection of Cancer and Precancerous Lesions in Persons with HIV through a Comprehensive Cancer Screening Protocol.

Background: Non-AIDS defining malignancies present a growing challenge for persons with HIV (PWH), yet tailored interventions for timely cancer diagnosis are lacking. The Spanish IMPAC-Neo protocol was designed to compare two comprehensive cancer screening strategies integrated into routine HIV care. This study reports baseline data on the prevalence and types of precancerous lesions and early-stage cancer among participants at enrolment.