Women in Neurosurgery: Historical Path to Self-Segregation and Proposal for an Integrated Future.

Despite the rising percentage of women accessing the medical profession over the last few decades, surgical specialties are still largely male-dominated; in particular, a remarkable gender disparity is evident in neurosurgery, where only 19% of practitioners are females. Although women may be reluctant to choose a challenging specialty like neurosurgery due to concerns around how to balance family and career, it must be admitted that prejudices against female neurosurgeons have been deeply rooted for long, prompting many to give up and switch track to less demanding subspecialties. Among those who have persisted, many, if not most, have experienced difficulties in career progression and received unequal treatment in comparison with their male counterparts.

Endoscopic Treatment of Sphenoid Sinus Mucocele: Case Report and Surgical Considerations.

Introduction: The paranasal sinuses mucoceles are benign expansive cystic lesions that occur rarely in the sphenoid sinus and contain mucous material enclosed by cylindrical pseudostratified epithelium.

Objective: To report one case of sphenoid sinus mucocele that occurred with headache and was submitted to surgical treatment through endonasal endoscopy approach.

Case Report: 59-year-old male patient with history of increasing frontoorbital, bilateral, fluctuating headache and exophthalmos.

Chromosome 19 annotations with disease speciation: a first report from the Global Research Consortium.

A first research development progress report of the Chromosome 19 Consortium with members from Sweden, Norway, Spain, United States, China and India, a part of the Chromosome-centric Human Proteome Project (C-HPP) global initiative, is presented ( http://www.c-hpp.org ).

Venezuelan equine encephalitis virus infection of spiny rats.

Enzootic strains of Venezuelan equine encephalitis virus (VEEV) circulate in forested habitats of Mexico, Central, and South America, and spiny rats (Proechimys spp.) are believed to be the principal reservoir hosts in several foci. To better understand the host-pathogen interactions and resistance to disease characteristic of many reservoir hosts, we performed experimental infections of F1 progeny from Proechimys chrysaeolus collected at a Colombian enzootic VEEV focus using sympatric and allopatric virus strains.

The phagocytic activity of neutrophil granulocytes isolated from blood, mammary gland and uterus of cows.

The purpose of the present study was determination of the percentage of polymorphonuclear granulocytes (PMNL) with Fc (FcRs) and "non-immunological" (INsRs) receptors on the surface in clinically healthy cows. In the study the PMNL populations were compared after their isolation from the peripheral blood, the mammary gland and the uterus. For the determination of FcRs and INsRs the rosette test and the phagocytosis test were chosen.