Campylobacter spp. in chicken meat from traditional markets in Peru and its impact measured through a quantitative microbiological risk assessment.

Campylobacter is a major cause of foodborne gastroenteritis worldwide, with the mishandling of contaminated chicken meat among the main pathways for human infection. Granted the disease burden due to this pathogen, systematic assessments of its potential impact are necessary. The aims of this study were to evaluate both presence and load of Campylobacter in chicken meat sold in traditional markets, assess risk factors related with the infrastructure and hygienic conditions of market stalls, and evaluate control strategies for campylobacteriosis in Peru through a quantitative microbiological risk assessment (QMRA), a data-driven, systematic approach to quantitatively assess risks by integrating empirical contamination levels, microbial behavior, and consumer exposure.

Reproductive outcomes of lactating dairy cows submitted to first timed artificial insemination protocols with different strategies to induce final ovulation.

The study evaluated strategies for induction of ovulation at the end of timed AI (TAI) protocols initiated after a novel presynchronization strategy. A total of 909 lactating dairy cows from 6 dairy herds initiated a presynchronization protocol on d -15 with an intravaginal progesterone (P4) implant and 7 d later (d -8) were treated with 1.0 mg of estradiol cypionate (EC) and 0.

Examining Share plus-A Continuous Glucose Monitoring Plus Data-Sharing Intervention in Older Adults and Their Care Partners: Protocol for a Randomized Control Study.

Background: Older adults with type 1 diabetes (T1D) are increasingly turning to care partners (CPs) as resources to support their diabetes management. With the rise in diabetes technologies, such as continuous glucose monitoring (CGM), there is great potential for CGM data sharing to increase CP involvement in a way that improves persons with diabetes' glucose management and reduces distress.

Objective: The specific aims of this paper are to (1) evaluate the feasibility, usability, and acceptability of the Share plus intervention compared to the CGM Follow app plus diabetes self-management education and support; (2) evaluate the effect of the Share plus intervention on time-in-range (TIR; primary outcome) and diabetes distress (secondary outcome); and (3) explore differences between groups in person with diabetes and CP dyadic appraisal and coping, quality of life, diabetes self-care, and CP burden at 12 and 24 weeks and associations of dyadic variables on outcomes.

Incorporating climate-readiness into fisheries management strategies.

Tropical oceans are among the first places to exhibit climate change signals, affecting the habitat distribution and abundance of marine fish. These changes to stocks, and subsequent impacts on fisheries production, may have considerable implications for coastal communities dependent on fisheries for food security and livelihoods. Understanding the impacts of climate change on tropical marine fisheries is therefore an important step towards developing sustainable, climate-ready fisheries management measures.

Nutritional composition of ultra-processed plant-based foods in the out-of-home environment: a multi-country survey with plant-based burgers.

Ultra-processed plant-based foods, such as plant-based burgers, have gained in popularity. Particularly in the out-of-home (OOH) environment, evidence regarding their nutritional profile and environmental sustainability is still evolving. Plant-based burgers available at selected OOH sites were randomly sampled in Amsterdam, Copenhagen, Lisbon and London.

Streptococcus pneumoniae serotype 19A in hospitalized children with invasive pneumococcal disease after the introduction of conjugated vaccines in Lima, Peru.

Background: The Pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV) has decreased cases of invasive pneumococcal disease (IPD) worldwide. However, the impact of PCVs introduction may be affected by the serotype distribution in a specific context.

Methods: Cross-sectional multicenter passive surveillance study of IPD cases in pediatric patients hospitalized in Lima, Peru between 2016 and 2019 (after PCV13 introduction) to determine the serotype distribution and antimicrobial resistance of Streptococcus pneumoniae.

Co-Microencapsulation of Sacha Inchi () Oil with Natural Antioxidants Extracts.

Sacha inchi () oil was co-microencapsulated with natural antioxidant extracts (NAE), such as camu-camu ( (HBK) Mc Vaugh) fruit, Añil variety Andean potato ( andigenum, and elderberry fruit (). Gum Arabic and the ternary combination of gum Arabic (GA) + maltodextrin (MD) + whey protein isolate (WPI) at different formulations were used as coating materials for the encapsulation process using spray-drying. The moisture content, particle size distribution and morphology, total phenolic content, antioxidant activity, fatty acid and sterol composition, oxidative stability, and shelf-life were evaluated.

Pneumococcal serotypes and antibiotic resistance in healthy carriage children after introduction of PCV13 in Lima, Peru.

Objective: To determinate the frequency of Streptococcus pneumoniae nasopharyngeal carriers, serotypes and antimicrobial resistance in healthy children in Lima, Peru, post-PCV13 introduction and to compare the results with a similar study conducted between 2006 and 2008 before PCV7 introduction (pre-PCV7).

Methods: A cross-sectional multicenter study was conducted between January 2018 and August 2019 in 1000 healthy children under two years of age. We use standard microbiological methods to determinate S.

Optimisation and Characterisation of the Protein Hydrolysate of Scallops () Visceral By-Products.

In this research, scallops () visceral meal (SVM) and defatted meal (SVMD) were analysed for their proximal composition, protein solubility, and amino acid profile. Hydrolysed proteins isolated from the scallop's viscera (SPH) were optimised and characterised using response surface methodology with a Box-Behnken design. The effects of three independent variables were examined: temperature (30-70 °C), time (40-80 min), and enzyme concentration (0.

Animal movement and associated infectious disease risk in a metapopulation.

Animal movements among habitat patches or populations are important for maintaining long-term genetic and demographic viability, but connectivity may also facilitate disease spread and persistence. Understanding factors that influence animal movements is critical to understanding potential transmission risk and persistence of communicable disease in spatially structured systems. We evaluated effects of sex, age and infection status at capture on intermountain movements and seasonal movement rates observed in desert bighorn sheep () using global positioning system collar data from 135 individuals (27 males, 108 females) in 14 populations between 2013 and 2018, following a pneumonia outbreak linked to the pathogen in the Mojave Desert, California, USA.

Population connectivity patterns of genetic diversity, immune responses and exposure to infectious pneumonia in a metapopulation of desert bighorn sheep.

Habitat fragmentation is an important driver of biodiversity loss and can be remediated through management actions aimed at maintenance of natural connectivity in metapopulations. Connectivity may protect populations from infectious diseases by preserving immunogenetic diversity and disease resistance. However, connectivity could exacerbate the risk of infectious disease spread across vulnerable populations.

Design of Functional Powdered Beverages Containing Co-Microcapsules of Sacha Inchi Oil and Antioxidant Extracts of Camu Camu and Mango Skins.

Sacha inchi oil (SIPHO) was co-microencapsulated, by spray drying using gum arabic as a coating material, with antioxidant extracts of camu camu ( (HBK) McVaugh) (CCSE) and mango () (MSE) skins obtained by ultrasound-microwave-assisted extraction (UMAE). The physicochemical characteristics of the microcapsules, such as, particle size, morphology, and moisture, as well as the encapsulation efficiency, the fatty acid composition, and oxidative stability, were determined in order to select the best formulation for the design of functional powdered beverages. The formulation with the highest amounts of ω3 acids and polyphenols was used to prepare a functional powdered beverage that contained ω3 (52.

Patterns of disease relapse and posttreatment follow-up of patients with resected pancreatic adenocarcinoma: A single-center analysis.

Background And Objectives: To describe the patterns of disease relapse and follow-up of patients with resected pancreatic adenocarcinoma. Additionally, we looked at patients' characteristics at relapse and survival.

Methods: We included patients with potentially resectable pancreatic adenocarcinoma diagnosed from 2008 to 2018 who were submitted to resection with clear macroscopic margins and started posttreatment surveillance.

Increase of Macrolide-Resistance in Strains After the Introduction of the 13-Valent Pneumococcal Conjugate Vaccine in Lima, Peru.

upper respiratory infections and pneumonia are often treated with macrolides, but recently macrolide resistance is becoming an increasingly important problem. The 13-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV13) was introduced in the National Immunization Program of Peru in 2015. This study aimed to evaluate the temporal evolution of macrolide resistance in isolates collected in five cross-sectional studies conducted before and after this vaccine introduction, from 2006 to 2019 in Lima, Peru.

Salud Latina: feasibility of a synchronous online chat for latinos at risk for type 2 diabetes.

This study examined the feasibility of Salud Latina, a weekly synchronous online chat intervention, aimed at engaging Latinos in diabetes prevention conversations. Participants were Latino English- and Spanish-speaking individuals. Salud Latina comprised of six synchronous weekly online chats moderated by bilingual Latina moderators trained in diabetes and online engagement.

Revealing Economic and Racial Injustices: Demographics of Abortion Fund Callers on the U.S.-Mexico Border.

There are multiple accessibility challenges to abortion care in the United States. Most abortion research relies on clinic data, whereas we utilized data from an abortion fund on the U.S.

Previously Unrecognized Exposure of Desert Bighorn Sheep (Ovis canadensis nelsoni) to Mycoplasma ovipneumoniae in the California Mojave Desert.

A 2013 outbreak of respiratory disease in bighorn sheep from California's Mojave Desert metapopulation caused high mortality in at least one population. Subsequent PCR and strain-typing indicate widespread infection of a single strain of Mycoplasma ovipneumoniae throughout this region. Serosurvey of archived samples showed that some populations have had antibodies to M.

Egr2 induction in spiny projection neurons of the ventrolateral striatum contributes to cocaine place preference in mice.

Drug addiction develops due to brain-wide plasticity within neuronal ensembles, mediated by dynamic gene expression. Though the most common approach to identify such ensembles relies on immediate early gene expression, little is known of how the activity of these genes is linked to modified behavior observed following repeated drug exposure. To address this gap, we present a broad-to-specific approach, beginning with a comprehensive investigation of brain-wide cocaine-driven gene expression, through the description of dynamic spatial patterns of gene induction in subregions of the striatum, and finally address functionality of region-specific gene induction in the development of cocaine preference.

A single nucleotide polymorphism assay sheds light on the extent and distribution of genetic diversity, population structure and functional basis of key traits in cultivated north American cannabis.

Background: The taxonomic classification of Cannabis genus has been delineated through three main types: sativa (tall and less branched plant with long and narrow leaves), indica (short and highly branched plant with broader leaves) and ruderalis (heirloom type with short stature, less branching and small thick leaves). While still under discussion, particularly whether the genus is polytypic or monotypic, this broad classification reflects putative geographical origins of each group and putative chemotype and pharmacologic effect.

Methods: Here we describe a thorough investigation of cannabis accessions using a set of 23 highly informative and polymorphic SNP (Single Nucleotide Polymorphism) markers associated with important traits such as cannabinoid and terpenoid expression as well as fibre and resin production.

Prevalence and risk factors related to anovular phenotypes in dairy cows.

The objective of the current study was to evaluate the relationship of body condition score (BCS) at 35 d in milk (DIM), milk production, diseases, and duration of the dry period with prevalence of anovulation at 49 DIM and then, specifically, with the prevalence of each anovular phenotype. We hypothesized that anovular follicular phenotypes, classified based on maximal size of the anovular follicle, have different etiologies. A total of 942 lactating Holstein cows (357 primiparous and 585 multiparous) from 1 herd had ovaries evaluated by ultrasonography at 35 ± 3 and 49 ± 3 DIM to detect the absence of a corpus luteum (CL), and to measure the diameter of the largest follicle.

Forensic identification of the keratin fibers of South American camelids by ambient ionization mass spectrometry: Vicuña, alpaca and guanaco.

Rationale: The keratin fleece of the endangered vicuña (Vicugna vicugna) commands a high value in international markets, and this trade has caused illegal poaching and a substantial decrease in vicuña populations. Morphological analysis of hairs does not have the resolution to determine the species of origin of camelid natural fibers. In addition, commerce in camelid fleece also includes the legal trade of alpaca (Vicugna pacos) and guanaco (Lama guanicoe) wool.