Emerging Machine Learning Techniques for Modelling Cellular Complex Systems in Alzheimer's Disease.

We live in the big data era in the biomedical field, where machine learning has a very important contribution to the interpretation of complex biological processes and diseases, since it has the potential to create predictive models from multidimensional data sets. Part of the application of machine learning in biomedical science is to study and model complex cellular systems such as biological networks. In this context, the study of complex diseases, such as Alzheimer's diseases (AD), benefits from established methodologies of network science and machine learning as they offer algorithmic tools and techniques that can address the limitations and challenges of modeling and studying cellular AD-related networks.

Handling the Cellular Complex Systems in Alzheimer's Disease Through a Graph Mining Approach.

In the last two decades, the medical sciences have changed their approach to pathogenesis as well as to the diagnosis and treatment of complex human diseases. The main reason for this change is the explosive development of biomedical technology and research, which produces a huge amount of information and data which are generated at an increasing rate. Toward this direction is the pathway analysis, a thriving research area of systems biology tools and methodologies which aim to unravel the inherent complexity of high-throughput biological data produced by the advent of omics technologies.

Extramedullary Leukemia, Presenting at the Cervix of the Uterus.

Extramedullary relapse of leukemia is encountered more often than in the past. The reason is that leukemia survival rates increase with improved treatment schemes. We present a rare case of involvement of the cervix of the uterus in an adult B Acute Lymphocytic Leukemia (B-ALL) survivor.

Biomarkers as a Different Approach in Prevention and Treatment of Drug Addiction (Preliminary Study).

Unlabelled: Drug addiction is a chronic relapsing disorder and a burden to society and individuals. The toxicity induced by drugs related with addiction may trigger dysfunction and death of cells of the central nervous system. The study of alterations of proteins and biomarkers in buccal cells would be beneficial in understanding drug addiction, as the buccal mucosa is of ectodermal origin such as the central nervous system.

Immunocytochemical expression of a panel of markers in pleural effusions from patients with primary lung adenocarcinoma.

Introduction: This study's principal objective was to evaluate the critical role of the application of immunocytochemistry to a novel panel of diagnostic markers for the accurate detection of the source of malignancies in pleural effusions of lung adenocarcinoma.

Materials And Methods: In 40 effusion smears from lung adenocarcinoma, the expression of the E-cadherin, a-catenin, Thyroid Transcription Factor (TTF-1), Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor (EGFR), p53, caspase 9 and 3, Bax and Bcl-2 was examined by immunocytochemistry.

Results: All cases showed positive immunoreactivity of tumour cells to caspase 3 (42,5%), caspase 9 (40%), Bcl-2 (30%), Bax (40%), p53 (55%), E-cadherin (82,5%), a-catenin (80%), TTF-1 (87,5%) and EGFR (62,5%).

Prognostic value of COX-2, P53, and EZH-2 evaluated by quantitative image analysis in premalignant and malignant breast lesions.

Background: Cytological differential diagnosis of atypical hyperplasia and well differentiated breast carcinoma may be challenging, because sometimes there is an overlap between the cytomorphological features of these lesions. The aim of the study was to investigate COX-2, EZH-2, p53 expression in carcinomas and the gray zone of breast cytology categories of atypical hyperplastic lesions with regard to biological behavior of the tumor.

Methods: FNA speciments from 100 patients with breast hyperplastic lesions and cancer were investigated by immunocytochemistry and a quantitative analysis for COX-2, p53, and EZH-2.

Mitochondrial UCP4 and bcl-2 expression in imprints of breast carcinomas: relationship with DNA ploidy and classical prognostic factors.

Mitochondria are the bioenergetic and metabolic centers of cells and play an important role in the regulation of cell death. The mitochondrial apoptosis pathway is controlled by the bcl-2 protein family. Overexpression of mitochondrial uncoupling protein 4 (UCP4) can promote proliferation and inhibit apoptosis and differentiation.

The significance of Survivin and Nectin-4 expression in the prognosis of breast carcinoma.

To investigate the prognostic significance of Survivin and Nectin-4 expression in breast carcinomas. Imprint smears were obtained from 140 breast carcinoma specimens and studied immunocytochemically for the expression of Survivin and Nectin-4. The results were correlated with several clinicopathological parameters, including five-year survival.

Enhancer of zeste homologue 2 expression in breast carcinoma smears in relationship with p53, Ki-67 and other prognostic parameters.

Background: The polycomb group protein enhancer of zeste homologue 2 (EZH 2) has been reported as a marker of aggressive breast cancer. The aim of this study was to investigate the correlation between the expression of EZH 2 with p53 and Ki-67 expression and other clinicopathological parameters in primary breast carcinomas in order to determine the role of the above marker as a prognosticator of tumor aggressiveness and patient outcome.

Patients And Methods: One hundred primary operable breast cancer patients were investigated in order to identify the expression of EZH 2, Ki-67 and p53 in imprint smears immunocytochemically.

The value of E-cadherin/beta-catenin expression in imprints of NCSLC: relationship with clinicopathological factors.

Metastasis is specific for malignant tumors and its control is one of the most important problems in the design of therapies for cancer patients. Loss or reduction of E-cadherin expression and/or beta-catenin expression plays a casual role in tumor progression and metastasis and is associated with poor prognosis. The purpose of the study is to investigate the expression of E-cadherin and beta-catenin and their significance as independent prognostic markers in imprints of resected nonsmall cell lung cancer (NSCLC).

Telomerase RNA expression and DNA ploidy as prognostic markers of prostate carcinomas.

Aims And Background: The objective of this study was to determine whether there was a correlation between telomerase RNA expression and DNA ploidy status with clinicopathological parameters and biochemical recurrence after radical prostatectomy.

Study Design: Telomerase RNA expression and DNA ploidy were evaluated in imprint smear samples obtained from 112 prostates after radical prostatectomy. The results were correlated with pathological stage, Gleason score and serum PSA.

CD24 expression has a prognostic impact in breast carcinoma.

We investigated the prognostic significance of BAG-1 and CD24 in invasive breast carcinomas. Seventy cases of invasive breast carcinoma were studied immunocytochemically for the expression of BAG-1 and CD24. The results were correlated with several prognostic parameters, including 5-year survival.

Expression of substance P, vasoactive intestinal peptide and heat shock protein 70 in nasal mucosal smears of patients with allergic rhinitis: investigation using a liquid-based method.

Objective: The aim of this study was to investigate expression of the neuropeptides substance P, vasoactive intestinal peptide and heat shock protein 70 in the nasal mucosa cells of patients with seasonal allergic rhinitis, in order to obtain more information on the pathophysiological and immunological role of these markers in allergic rhinitis.

Material And Methods: Nasal epithelium specimens obtained from 42 patients with allergic rhinitis were studied, using Shandon's Papspin liquid-based cytology method. Smears were immunostained with antibodies against substance P, vasoactive intestinal peptide and heat shock protein 70, and the results were correlated with the clinical features of seasonal allergic rhinitis.

Apoptotic and inflammation markers in oral mucositis in head and neck cancer patients receiving radiotherapy: preliminary report.

Goal Of Work: The aim of this study was to investigate the expression of pro-apoptotic protein p53 and anti-apoptotic proteins BCl-2 and MCl-1, as well as the expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines tumor necrosis factor (TNF) and interleukin-1beta (IL-1beta) in patients developing mucositis during radiotherapy for head and neck cancer.

Materials And Methods: Thirty-five patients receiving radiotherapy for head/neck cancer were included in this study. Patients were examined before radiotherapy.

The prognostic significance of COX-2 and survivin expression in ovarian cancer.

We investigated the prognostic significance of cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) and survivin in ovarian carcinoma. Imprint smears were obtained from 100 ovarian carcinoma specimens and were studied immunocytochemically for the expression of COX-2 and survivin. The results were correlated with several clinicopathological parameters, including 5-year survival.

The expression of metallothioneins on imprint smears of prostate carcinoma: correlation with clinicopathologic parameters and tumor proliferative capacity.

Aims And Background: Metallothioneins are a family of metalbinding cysteine-rich proteins that play an important role in cellular processes such as proliferation and apoptosis, protection against oxidative stress and metal ion homeostasis and detoxification. Recent findings suggest that metallothioneins might play a significant role in the development and progression of prostate cancer. It has been also demonstrated that Ki67 expression may have prognostic value for disease-free survival in cases of prostate carcinoma.

The prognostic value of PTEN, p53, and beta-catenin in endometrial carcinoma: a prospective immunocytochemical study.

Mutations of the PTEN, p53, and beta-catenin genes are the most frequent molecular defects in endometrial carcinomas. The aim of this study was to investigate their prognostic significance in this form of cancer. Imprint smears were obtained from 80 fresh endometrial tumor specimens and studied immunocytochemically for the expression of PTEN, p53, and beta-catenin proteins.

[Serum testosterone, dihydrotestosterone, luteinizing hormone and follicle-stimulating hormone versus prostate specific antigen in patients with localized prostate adenocarcinoma who underwent radical prostatectomy. Radioimmunoassays measurements].

The relation of steroid hormones (SH) with carcinogenesis is not well understood. There is a variation of opinions among researchers about the prognostic value of serum SH in patients with localized prostate cancer (PC). The aim of this was to study serum SH in patients with localized PC before and after radical prostatectomy (RP).

Cytokeratin 8 and 18 expression in imprint smears of chronic viral hepatitis, autoimmune hepatitis and hepatocellular carcinoma. A preliminary study.

Objective: To investigate whether the expression of cytokeratin (CK) 8 and 18 is altered in chronic active viral hepatitis, autoimmune hepatitis and hepatocellular carcinoma.

Study Design: Cytologic imprint smears were obtained from 53 liver core biopsy specimens and were studied immunocytochemically for the expression of CK8 and 18.

Results: CK8-positive expression was observed in 45.

Herpes simplex virus-1 (HSV-1) infection in radiation-induced oral mucositis.

Goal Of Work: The aim of the study was to investigate the incidence of herpes simplex virus-1 (HSV-1) infection in mucositis during head and neck cancer radiotherapy.

Patients And Methods: Sixty patients with malignant head and neck tumor, eligible to receive radiotherapy, who were referred to the Dental Oncology Unit, entered the study. Sixteen patients (26.

Prognostic value of DNA analysis of prostate adenocarcinoma: correlation to clinicopathologic predictors.

The ability to accurately predict tumor behavior and patient survival is a problem in managing patients with prostate cancer. DNA ploidy provides important information for the evaluation of the prognosis of prostate cancer. The aim of this study was to investigate the DNA ploidy in imprints from prostate adenocarcinomas in a group of 70 patients in relation to Gleason score, tumor differentiation, stage and PSA serum levels.

Telomerase expression as a marker in prostate cancer: correlation to clinicopathologic predictors.

The aim of this study was to investigate by an in situ hybridization procedure the Telomerase expression as a marker in prostate cancer and to correlate these results with several prognostic factors concerning this cancer. Imprint smear samples were obtained from 70 prostates removed from patients who underwent radical prostatectomy for prostate adenocarcinoma. Telomerase expression in cancerous prostate smears was studied using an in situ hybridization procedure.

Expression of p120, Ki-67 and PCNA as proliferation biomarkers in imprint smears of prostate carcinoma and their prognostic value.

The cell proliferation markers p120, Ki-67 and proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) recognize nuclear antigens. The expression of these proteins by immunostaining methods was reported to be of value in determining the prognosis of patients with malignant diseases. In this study, we evaluated the prognostic significance of the expression of nuclear antigens p120, PCNA and Ki-67 in prostate cancer and compared the results with other prognostic factors.

Diagnostic approach of effusion cytology using computerized image analysis.

The objective of this study is to investigate whether image cytometry is a sensitive and specific method for the differential diagnosis of equivocal cells in routine cytology of effusion smears. One hundred four effusion smears were studied from routine cytologic material. Cytologically 56 (53.