Exosomes from bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells are a potential treatment for ischemic stroke.

Exosomes derived from human bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (MSC-Exo) are characterized by easy expansion and storage, low risk of tumor formation, low immunogenicity, and anti-inflammatory effects. The therapeutic effects of MSC-Exo on ischemic stroke have been widely explored. However, the underlying mechanism remains unclear.

Growth arrest and DNA damage-inducible protein 34 (GADD34) contributes to cerebral ischemic injury and can be detected in plasma exosomes.

Growth arrest and DNA damage-inducible protein 34 (GADD34), one of the key effectors of negative feedback loops, is induced by stress and subsequently attempts to restore homeostasis. It plays a critical role in response to DNA damage and endoplasmic reticulum stress. GADD34 has opposing effects on different stimulus-induced cell apoptosis events in many nervous system diseases, but its role in ischemic stroke is unclear.