Dual-layer capacitance-loaded thin-film lithium niobate electro-optic modulator with high modulation efficiency.

Thin film lithium niobate (TFLN) modulators with low driving voltage and high bandwidth are desirable for fiber-optic communication. Enhancing the modulation efficiency of TFLN modulators can reduce the device length while maintaining a low driving voltage, leading to more dies per wafer and subsequently lower fabrication cost. However, waveguide loss induced by metal absorption limits the electrodes spacing, thereby constraining the modulation efficiency.

Integrated lithium niobate optical phased array for two-dimensional beam steering.

Optical phased arrays (OPAs) with high speed, low power consumption, and low insertion loss are appealing for various applications, including light detection and ranging, free-space communication, image projection, and imaging. These OPAs can be achieved by fully harnessing the advantages of integrated lithium niobate (LN) photonics, which include high electro-optical modulation speed, low driving voltage, and low optical loss. Here we present an integrated LN OPA that operates in the near-infrared regime.

Graphene-based dual-mode modulators.

Mode-division multiplexing (MDM) has attracted broad attention as it could effectively boost up transmission capability by utilizing optical modes as a spatial dimension in optical interconnects. In such a technique, different data channels are usually modulated to the respective carriers over different spatial modes by using individual parallel electro-optic modulators. Each modulated channel is then multiplexed to a multi-mode waveguide.