A novel plasmid carrying carbapenem-resistant gene in .

A carbapenem-resistant strain PA1011 (ST463) was isolated from a patient in a surgical intensive care unit. PCR detection showed that PA1011 carried the gene. A plasmid was isolated and sequenced using the Illumina NextSeq 500 and PacBio RSII sequencing platforms.

Dynamic Colonization of Isolates in Gastrointestinal Tract of Intensive Care Patients.

Gastrointestinal carriage is regarded as a major reservoir of infections, especially in intensive care patients. A total of 101 (95.3%) KPC-producing carbapenem-resistant (CRKP) isolates were identified among 106 CRKP isolates collected from stool samples of inpatients performing active rectal screening for carbapenem-resistant Enterobacteriaceae during hospitalization in the ICUs of a tertiary hospital between 2016 and 2017.

Colistin resistance gene mcr-1 in gut flora of children.

The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence and transmission mechanism(s) of mcr-1 in the gut flora of children. Faecal samples (n = 173) were obtained from non-diarrhoea patients at the Children's Hospital of Zhejiang University (Hangzhou, China). PCR-based analysis indicated that 17 isolates from 9.

Occurrence of Plasmid- and Chromosome-Carried in Waterborne Enterobacteriaceae in China.

The aim of this study was to investigate the prevalence of the polymyxin resistance gene in from environmental water sources in Hangzhou, China. Colistin-resistant bacteria were isolated from environmental water samples using an enrichment broth culture method, were screened for , and then were analyzed for the location and transferability of Isolates positive for were further examined to determine their susceptibility profiles and were screened for the presence of additional resistance genes. Twenty-three -positive isolates (16 , two , two , two , and one ) were isolated from 7/9 sampling locations; of those, eight -positive isolates also contained β-lactamase-resistance genes, eight contained , and 10 contained No -positive isolates were identified.

Comparative genetic characterization of Enteroaggregative Escherichia coli strains recovered from clinical and non-clinical settings.

The origin of pathogenic Enteroaggregative Escherichia coli (EAEC), a major causative agent of childhood diarrhea worldwide, remains ill-defined. The objective of this study was to determine the relative prevalence of EAEC in clinical and non-clinical sources and compare their genetic characteristics in order to identify strains that rarely and commonly cause human diarrhea. The virulence gene astA was commonly detectable in both clinical and non-clinical EAEC, while clinical isolates, but not the non-clinical strains, were consistently found to harbor other virulence factors such as aap (32%), aatA (18%) and aggR (11%).

Emergence of Carbapenem-Resistant Serotype K1 Hypervirulent Klebsiella pneumoniae Strains in China.

We report the emergence of five carbapenem-resistant K1 hypervirulent Klebsiella pneumoniae (hvKP) strains which caused fatal infections in hospital patients in Zhejiang Province, China, upon entry through surgical wounds. Genotyping results revealed the existence of three genetically related strains which exhibited a new sequence type, ST1797, and revealed that all strains harbored the magA and wcaG virulence genes and a plasmid-borne bla(KPC-2) gene. These findings indicate that K1 hvKP is simultaneously hypervirulent, multidrug resistant, and transmissible.

Rapid detection of porins by matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization-time of flight mass spectrometry.

The rapid and cost-efficient determination of carbapenem resistance is an important prerequisite for the choice of an adequate antibiotic therapy. A MALDI-TOF MS-based assay was set up to detect porins in the current study. A loss of the components of porin alone such as OmpK35/OmpK36 or together with the production of carbapenemases will augment the carbapenem resistance.

Dissemination of the same cfr-carrying plasmid among methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus and coagulase-negative staphylococcal isolates in China.

Six cfr-harboring methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) isolates, which belonged to the same clone of sequence type 5 (ST5)-staphylococcal cassette chromosome mec element II (SCCmec II)-spa t311, were investigated in this study. Complete sequencing of a cfr-carrying plasmid, pLRSA417, revealed an 8,487-bp fragment containing a Tn4001-like transposon, cfr, orf1, and ISEnfa4. This segment, first identified in an animal plasmid, pSS-01, was observed in several plasmids from clinical coagulase-negative staphylococci in China, suggesting that the cfr gene, which might originate from livestock, was located in the same mobile element and disseminated among different clinical staphylococcal species.

Substitutions of Ser83Leu in GyrA and Ser80Leu in ParC Associated with Quinolone Resistance in Acinetobacter pittii.

To investigate the prevalence and the mechanism of quinolone-resistant Acinetobacter pittii, 634 Acinetobacter calcoaceticus-Acinetobacter baumannii complex isolates were collected throughout Zhejiang Province. Identification of isolates was conducted by matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization/time of flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS), blaOXA-51-like gene, and partial RNA polymerase β-subunit (rpoB) amplification. Twenty-seven isolates of A.

Emergence of Escherichia coli sequence type 131 isolates producing KPC-2 carbapenemase in China.

Twenty-two KPC-2-producing Escherichia coli isolates were obtained from three hospitals in Hangzhou, China, from 2007 to 2011. One isolate, with OmpC porin deficiency, exhibited high-level carbapenem resistance. Pulsed-field gel electrophoresis showed that few isolates were indistinguishable or closely related.

Molecular typing of CTX-M-producing escherichia coli isolates from environmental water, swine feces, specimens from healthy humans, and human patients.

CTX-M-producing Escherichia coli is the predominant type of extended-spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL)-producing E. coli worldwide. In this study, molecular typing was conducted for 139 CTX-M-producing E.

Linezolid-resistant clinical isolates of meticillin-resistant coagulase-negative staphylococci and Enterococcus faecium from China.

Seventeen meticillin-resistant coagulase-negative staphylococci (MRCoNS), including ten Staphylococcus capitis, four Staphylococcus cohnii, two Staphylococcus haemolyticus and one Staphylococcus sciuri, and an Enterococcus faecium isolate with various levels of linezolid resistance were isolated from intensive care units in a Chinese hospital. PFGE indicated that the four S. cohnii isolates belonged to a clonal strain, and that nine of the S.

High prevalence of qnr and aac(6')-Ib-cr genes in both water-borne environmental bacteria and clinical isolates of Citrobacter freundii in China.

We investigated the prevalence of qnr and aac(6')-Ib-cr genes in water-borne environmental bacteria and in clinical isolates of Enterobacteriaceae, as well as the subtypes of qnr. Environmental bacteria were isolated from surface water samples obtained from 10 different locations in Hangzhou City, and clinical isolates of Citrobacter freundii were isolated from several hospitals in four cities in China. qnrA, qnrB, qnrS, and aac(6')-Ib-cr genes were screened using PCR, and the genotypes were analyzed by DNA sequencing.

Detection of KPC-2 and qnrS1 in clinical isolates of Morganella morganii from China.

Seven carbapenem-nonsusceptible Morganella morganii isolates, which have similar antibiotic susceptibility profiles, were isolated over a 5-month period. MICs of imipenem, meropenem, and ertapenem were 8, 1, and 0.25 to 0.

Emergence of Proteus mirabilis harboring blaKPC-2 and qnrD in a Chinese Hospital.

Nineteen carbapenem-nonsusceptible Proteus mirabilis isolates were recovered from intensive care units in the Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University during a 3-month period. The isolates showed a high level of resistance against ciprofloxacin, in addition to their resistance against the carbapenems. Pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) analysis showed that these isolates belonged to three clonal strains.

A ten years (2000-2009) surveillance of resistant Enterobacteriaceae in Zhejiang Province, China.

Objective: In Zhejiang Province, there are several highly developed cities near the coast and several relatively under-developed mountain areas. Analysis of the composition of bacteria isolated from patients as well as their antibiotic resistance profile from various areas of this province, and tracing of such data year-by-year, will help to delineate the bacterial resistance profile of these areas and to understand how the stage of socio-economical development impacts on the composition of clinical micro-flora and their resistance profile.

Methods: In order to investigate variation in resistance rates and isolation rates of Enterobacteriaceae, from 2000 to 2009 in Zhejiang Province, China, Enterobacteriaceae isolated from 15 hospitals located in different regions of the province were surveyed.

Detection of the Smqnr quinolone protection gene and its prevalence in clinical isolates of Stenotrophomonas maltophilia in China.

The aim of this study was to detect novel variants of the Stenotrophomonas maltophilia Smqnr gene family and analyse the prevalence of Smqnr genes in clinical isolates of S. maltophilia in China. In total, 442 clinical isolates of S.

Genotypic characterization and in vitro activities of tigecycline and polymyxin B for members of the Enterobacteriaceae with decreased susceptibility to carbapenems.

Carbapenem resistance in members of the Enterobacteriaceae is increasing. To evaluate the effects of tigecycline and polymyxin B against carbapenem-non-susceptible pathogens, 89 representative clinical carbapenem-non-susceptible Enterobacteriaceae isolates were recovered from seven hospitals from four cities in China during 2006-2009: 30 Serratia marcescens, 35 Klebsiella pneumoniae, seven Enterobacter cloacae, six Enterobacter aerogenes, five Escherichia coli, four Citrobacter freundii and two Klebsiella oxytoca isolates. Twenty-eight S.

Outbreak of Klebsiella pneumoniae carbapenemase 2-producing K. pneumoniae with high qnr prevalence in a Chinese hospital.

Forty carbapenem-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae isolates were recovered from 28 patients from various sites in an intensive care unit in Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, China, over a 6 month period. PFGE analysis indicated that the 40 strains were all closely related. The MICs of carbapenems varied from 16 to >256 µg ml⁻¹.

Serotypes and extended-spectrum β-lactamase types of clinical isolates of Shigella spp. from the Zhejiang province of China.

To understand the distribution of the serotypes of Shigella spp. and to investigate the drug-resistant genes of extended-spectrum β-lactamases (ESBLs) in Shigella in Zhejiang province, we have collected clinically isolated Shigella isolates from 2 hospitals in Zhejiang province during August to December of 2006. There are 11 Shigella flexneri and 13 Shigella sonnei isolates, respectively.

Combination of IMP-4 metallo-beta-lactamase production and porin deficiency causes carbapenem resistance in a Klebsiella oxytoca clinical isolate.

This study shows for the first time the mechanism of carbapenem resistance of a Klebsiella oxytoca clinical isolate ZC101 recovered from a Zhejiang University Hospital in Hangzhou, China. MIC values of imipenem, meropenem, and ertapenem for K. oxytoca ZC101 were 16, 16, and 128 microg/mL, respectively.

Reduced susceptibility to carbapenems in Klebsiella pneumoniae clinical isolates associated with plasmid-mediated beta-lactamase production and OmpK36 porin deficiency.

Two carbapenem-non-susceptible Klebsiella pneumoniae isolates, Z2554 and Z2110, were collected from a hospital in China and analysed by PFGE. K. pneumoniae Z2554 and Z2110 were genetically unrelated and showed resistance to ertapenem, and reduced susceptibility to imipenem and meropenem.

Detection of plasmid-mediated IMP-1 metallo-beta-lactamase and quinolone resistance determinants in an ertapenem-resistant Enterobacter cloacae isolate.

Objective: To investigate the mechanism of carbapenem resistance and the occurrence of plasmid-mediated quinolone resistance determinants qnr and aac(6')-Ib-cr in a clinical isolate of Enterobacter cloacae.

Methods: An ertapenem-resistant E. cloacae ZY106, which was isolated from liquor puris of a female gastric cancer patient in a Chinese hospital, was investigated.