Is the Mortality Trend of Ischemic Heart Disease by the GBD2013 Study in China Real?

To determine the reason for the different mortality trends of ischemic heart disease (IHD) for China between Global Burden of Disease (GBD) 2010 and GBD2013, and to improve garbage code (GC) redistribution. All data were obtained from the disease surveillance points system, and two proportions for assigning chronic pulmonary heart disease (PHD) as GC to IHD were from GBD2010 and GBD2013, which were different for years before 2004. By using the GBD2013 approach, the age-standard mortality rate (ASMR) increased by 100.

Increased lung cancer mortality rates in the Chinese population from 1973-1975 to 2004-2005: An adverse health effect from exposure to smoking.

Background: Lung cancer incidence and mortality rates have increased substantially in China despite improvements in clinical diagnosis and treatment approaches as well as significant advances in the implementation of tobacco-control policies in recent decades.

Methods: Age-standardized mortality rates and age-specific rates of lung cancer in China were estimated for the periods 1973 to 1975, 1990 to 1992, and 2004 to 2005 using data from 3 National Death Surveys. Among patients with lung cancer who were identified from a hospital-based information system, the percentages of ever-smokers were analyzed according to histologic and demographic variables.

Spatial distribution of liver cancer incidence in shenqiu county, henan province, china: a spatial analysis.

Liver cancer is a common and leading cause of cancer death in China. We used the cancer registry data collected from 2009 to 2011 to describe the spatial distribution of liver cancer incidence at village level in Shengqiu county, Henan province, China. Spatial autocorrelation analysis was employed to detect significant differences from a random spatial distribution of liver cancer incidence.

Histological subtypes of lung cancer in Chinese women from 2000 to 2012.

Background: The aim of the study was to characterize the histological and epidemiological features of lung cancer in Chinese women.

Methods: Demographic and histological information on female lung cancer cases identified during 1 January 2000 through 31 December 2012 from the Cancer Hospital of the Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences were collected. The International Classification of Diseases for Oncology system was used to classify the histological subtypes.

Histological subtypes of lung cancer in Chinese males from 2000 to 2012.

Objective: To characterize the histological and epidemiological features of male lung cancer patients in China.

Methods: The demographic and histological information about male lung cancer patients identified from 2000-01-01 to 2012-12-31, was collected from the Cancer Hospital of the Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences. Relative frequencies (RF) were estimated for major histological subtypes and compared according to the years of diagnosis and birth.

[Assessment of the strength of tobacco control on creating smoke-free hospitals using principal components analysis].

Objective: To explore the relationship between the strength of tobacco control and the effectiveness of creating smoke-free hospital, and summarize the main factors that affect the program of creating smoke-free hospitals.

Methods: A total of 210 hospitals from 7 provinces/municipalities directly under the central government were enrolled in this study using stratified random sampling method. Principle component analysis and regression analysis were conducted to analyze the strength of tobacco control and the effectiveness of creating smoke-free hospitals.

Epidemiological characteristics of cancer in elderly chinese.

Background. Population of elder Chinese has been increasing, but the pattern and trend of cancer in that population was rarely reported. Methods.

[Cross-sectional survey on smoking and smoking cessation behaviors among Chinese adults in 2010].

Objective: To describe the prevalence of smoking and smoking cessation in Chinese adults in 2010.

Methods: A face-to-face questionnaire survey was carried out in 162 surveillance points to collect information on non-communicable diseases related risk factors. Multi-stage stratified cluster random sampling method was used to select 98 712 individuals aged 18 and over to be interviewed and 98 526 records were included in the analysis of smoking and smoking cessation.

[Geographical distribution of cancer mortality in China, 2004-2005].

Objective: To describe geographical distribution and its transition of mortality of cancers in China.

Methods: The information of 2 513 949 310 person years were collected in 1973-1975 and 142 660 482 person years in 2004-2005 respectively. Being standardizing the death rates of these two survey with 2000 national census population, the changes of mortality of main cancers was observed and the geographic distribution of cancers in 2004-2005 was analyzed.

Estimation of cancer incidence and mortality attributable to smoking in China.

Background: Tobacco smoking, as a cause of cancer, is common in China. Few studies have been conducted to assess the burden of tobacco-related cancer in the Chinese population.

Methods: We calculated the proportion of cancers attributable to tobacco smoking to estimate the burden of tobacco-related cancer.

[Using general growth balance method and synthetic extinct generations methods to evaluate the underreporting of death at disease surveillance points from 1991 to 1998].

Objective: Using both general growth balance (GGB) and synthetic extinct generations (SEG) methods to evaluate the underreporting of deaths in disease surveillance points (DSP) from 1991 to 1998.

Methods: We used those two methods to estimate the underreport rate in DSP from 1991-1998. According to GGB method, death rate and the difference between entry rate and growth rate were regarded as independent and dependent variable, respectively, to fit a one-dimensional linear equation n(*)(x) - r(*)(x+) = [ln(k(1)/k(2))]/t + [(k(1)k(2))(0.

[Factors associated with attitudes toward tobacco control policy in public places among adults in three counties of China].

Objective: vestigate the attitudes of urban and rural community members toward total banning on smoking in public places and to explore the factors associated with these attitudes, in three counties/cities in China.

Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted in three counties/cities in 2004, including Xin' an county of Henan province, Anyi county of Jiangxi province, and Mianzhu city of Sichuan province. A total of 5642 residents at age of 18-69 years old were interviewed face-to-face with a uniform questionnaire by locally-trained interviewers, through a random three-stage stratified sampling in each county.

[What is the prevalence of smoking in China].

Objective: To determine the accuracy of prevalence data sets on tobacco use so as to measure the risk of tobacco use and the impact of tobacco control in China.

Methods: Three published data sets on nation-wide survey were reviewed and compared. Two principles were applied to determine the accuracy of the data on prevalence: i ) The estimated consumption of cigarettes based on the current prevalence rate on smokers should have been close to the actual cigarette consumption level; ii) change on the annual prevalence of male current smokers should be around 1% in China, since the international experience on the prevalence of current smokers tended to decrease at a rate of around 1% per year in the presence of comprehensive tobacco control strategies.

[The current status of passive smoking in Chinese families and associated factors].

Objective: To understand the prevalence of passive smoking in Chinese families and discuss its associated factors, as to providing scientific evidence for establishing tobacco control measures in China.

Method: Cross-sectional survey: from June to September, 2004, we randomly selected six counties in three different provinces ( Mianzhu and Xichong of Sichuan Province; Anyi and Hukou of Jiangxi Province; Xinan and Yanshi of Henan Province) and performed face-to-face questionnaire survey on citizens between 18 and 69 years old. All the data were double independently input by professional data entry company to ensure data accuracy.

Exploring barriers to implementation of smoking policies: a qualitative study on health professionals from three county-level hospitals.

Objective: This study was to identify factors limiting the implementation of smoking policies in county-level hospitals.

Methods: We conducted qualitative interviews (17 focus groups discussions and 6 one-to-one in depth interviews) involving 103 health professionals from three target county-level hospitals. A combination of purposive and convenience sampling was used to recruit subjects and gain a broad range of perspectives on issues emerging from ongoing data-analysis until data saturation occurred.

Validity of diagnostic evidence for deceased cases in hospitals.

Objective: To determine the validity of the diagnostic evidence for deceased cases in hospitals.

Methods: All information collected from medical records of the deceased cases in tertiary care health facilities was input into our database. Four diagnosis levels were determined based on level of diagnostic evidence: level I was based on autopsy, pathology or operative exploration, level II on physical and laboratory tests plus expert clinical judgment, level III on expert clinical judgment, level IV on postmortem assumptions.