Up-regulation of tumor susceptibility gene 101 protein in ovarian carcinomas revealed by proteomics analyses.

Small GTPase RAS plays a critical role in cellular signaling and oncogenic transformation. Proteomics analysis of genetically defined human ovarian cancer models identified the tumor susceptibility gene 101 (TSG101) as a downstream target of RAS oncogene. Mechanistic studies revealed a novel post-translational regulation of TSG101 through the RAS/RAF/MEK/MAPK signaling pathway and downstream molecules p14(ARF)/HDM2.

The association of meat intake and the risk of type 2 diabetes may be modified by body weight.

Aim: To investigate the association between meat intake and incidence of type 2 diabetes (type 2 DM) in a large cohort of middle-aged women.

Design, Subjects And Methods: Incident cases of type 2 DM were identified during an average of 4.6 years of follow-up in a prospective cohort study of 74,493 middle-aged, Chinese women (mean age +/- SD =51.

Prospective study of urinary prostaglandin E2 metabolite and colorectal cancer risk.

Purpose: Overexpression of cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) has been shown to play a major role in colorectal cancer pathogenesis. However, no human study has directly investigated whether biomarkers of COX-2 overexpression may predict colorectal cancer risk. We evaluated the association of urinary prostaglandin E2 metabolite (PGE-M) levels and colorectal cancer risk.

The role of constitutively active signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 in ovarian tumorigenesis and prognosis.

Background: Signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (Stat3), which is a latent transcription factor that participates in the transcriptional activation of apoptosis and cell cycle progression, has been implicated as an oncogene in several neoplastic diseases. However, the specific role of Stat3 in ovarian carcinogenesis remains poorly understood. The objectives of the current study were to examine the effect of Stat3 activation on the phenotypic transformation of an immortalized, nontumorigenic ovarian epithelial cell line and to evaluate the expression of tyrosine-activated Stat3 (pStat3) in tissue microarrays from 303 ovarian carcinomas to determine its prognostic relevance and to correlate its expression with several upstream oncogenes of Stat3 and with the oncogenes involved in apoptosis and proliferation.

The chemokine growth-regulated oncogene 1 (Gro-1) links RAS signaling to the senescence of stromal fibroblasts and ovarian tumorigenesis.

Epithelial-stromal interactions play a critical role in tumor initiation and progression; cancer-associated stroma, but not normal stroma, is known to be tumor-promoting. However, the molecular signal used by epithelial cancer cells to reprogram normal stroma to a tumorigenic stroma is not known. Here, we present evidence to suggest that the chemokine growth-regulated oncogene 1 (Gro-1) may be one such signaling molecule.

Dietary intake of calcium, fiber and other micronutrients in relation to colorectal cancer risk: Results from the Shanghai Women's Health Study.

We evaluated the associations of dietary intake of calcium, fiber and vitamins with colorectal cancer risk in a population-based prospective cohort study conducted among Chinese women in Shanghai. Subjects were recruited in urban Shanghai from March 1997 to May 2000. All subjects were interviewed in-person to obtain information on demographic and lifestyle factors and anthropometric measurement was conducted.

Physical activity and the incidence of type 2 diabetes in the Shanghai women's health study.

Background: Leisure-time physical activity (LPA) has been associated with a reduced risk of type 2 diabetes. However, the potential effect of other types of physical activity on type 2 diabetes is still uncertain. The aim of this study was to examine the effect of occupational, commuting, daily living, and LPA on the incidence of type 2 diabetes in a cohort of middle-aged women.

[Effects of different cryoprotectants on post-thaw viability of porcine preadipocyte].

To explore the optimal cryoprotectant for porcine preadipocyte cryppreservation, the primary pig preadipocytes were cryopreseved with DMSO, ethlyleneglycol(EG), PVP and DMSO+PVP cryoprotective agents (CPA) and without CPA, respectively. After 30d, the cells were recovered, viability of pig preadipocyte cryopreserved with different CPAs was evaluated by the Typlan exclusion, growth characteristic was analyzed with MTT, the differentiation potentials of pig preadipocytes were observed by morphology change from preadipocyte to mature adipocyte and Oil Red O staining. The results were as follows: four cryoprotectants all could protect the pig preadipocyte from frozen at a certain degree, and the efficiency was as follows: PVP > MSO+PVP > DMSO > EG > without cryoprotectant.

Nutrient intake among Chinese women living in Shanghai, China.

It has been increasingly recognized that dietary factors play a major role in the development of chronic diseases, including cancers and CVD. The identification of patterns of nutrient intake in populations with different disease incidence will be helpful in understanding the diet and disease association. The present report describes nutrient intake in 74,810 Chinese women, aged between 40 and 70 years, who participated in a population-based cohort study in Shanghai from 1997 to 2000.

Environmental tobacco smoke and mortality in Chinese women who have never smoked: prospective cohort study.

Objective: To evaluate the association of environmental exposure to tobacco smoke from husbands and from work, as well as from family members in early life, with all cause mortality and mortality due to cancer or cardiovascular disease in Chinese women.

Design: Ongoing prospective cohort study in Shanghai, China.

Participants: Of 72,829 women who had never smoked, 65,180 women provided information on smoking by their husbands, and 66,520 women provided information on exposure to tobacco smoke at work and in early life from family members.

Knockdown of p53 combined with expression of the catalytic subunit of telomerase is sufficient to immortalize primary human ovarian surface epithelial cells.

Ovarian cancer is developed from a single layer of thin epithelial cells covering the surface of ovary, named human ovarian surface epithelial cells. Like all primary human cells, human ovarian surface epithelial cells have a finite life span and will go into senescence and eventually die when cultured in vitro. Immortalized human ovarian surface epithelial cells will provide an important model system with which to study ovarian cancer initiation and progression.

A distributed information analysis for information search tasks.

Information search in a distributed environment is an interactive process that involves both retrieval and the processing of information across users and artifacts. How the information is distributed across internal representations and external representations affects the efficacy of information search. Using a human-centered method called UFuRT, we developed an information search model and a taxonomy of search tasks.

A human-centered design and evaluation framework for information search.

Information search in a distributed environment is an interactive process between the user and the artifact. How the information is distributed across the user and the artifact determines the efficacy of information search. Using a human-centered method, UFuRT, we developed an information search model and a taxonomy of search tasks.

Use of Ras-transformed human ovarian surface epithelial cells as a model for studying ovarian cancer.

The Ras gene family has been implicated in the development of many human epithelial cancers. Mutations in K-ras or its downstream mediator BRAF have been detected in about two thirds of low-grade serous carcinomas and borderline serous tumors; mutations in K-ras are also often present in benign and invasive mucinous ovarian cancers. Although the oncogenic allele H-ras(V12) is present in only approximately 6% of ovarian cancers, physiologically activated H-ras protein is commonly detected in human ovarian cancer, presumably because of an increase in upstream signals from tyrosine kinase growth factor receptors such as Her-2/neu, despite the lack of a Ras mutation.

Cyclin E expression is correlated with tumor progression and predicts a poor prognosis in patients with ovarian carcinoma.

Background: Cyclins, cyclin dependent kinases (cdks), and their inhibitors act in combination to regulate progression through the cell cycle and often are dysregulated in carcinoma. The authors hypothesized that cyclin E plays an important role in ovarian carcinogenesis and that its overexpression may be an indicator of a poor prognosis.

Methods: Immunohistochemical analysis of cyclin E expression was performed by image analysis in normal ovaries, cystadenomas, tumors of low malignant potential, and 405 primary ovarian carcinomas by using tissue microarray technology.

Sources of variation in nutrient intakes among men in Shanghai, China.

Background And Objective: Random errors, from any source, will attenuate epidemiological risk estimates. Before we launched the Shanghai Men's Health Study (SMHS), a large population-based cohort study investigating the diet-cancer association among Chinese men, a dietary calibration study was conducted among 96 men aged 40-75 years (mean age 56.5 years), with biweekly 24-hour dietary recalls (24HDRs) implemented over a 1-year period.

Spousal correlations for lifestyle factors and selected diseases in Chinese couples.

Purpose: Spouses usually are genetically unrelated and share a common living environment. Thus, concordance of diseases in spouses reflects mainly environmental etiologic contributors. The purpose of this study is to investigate spousal associations for selected lifestyle characteristics and common medical conditions.

The Shanghai Women's Health Study: rationale, study design, and baseline characteristics.

Although cancer is a major cause of morbidity and mortality in most nations, the spectrum of cancer occurrence varies substantially worldwide. Most previous epidemiologic studies investigating cancer etiology were conducted in North American and western European countries that are relatively homogenous in terms of cancer spectrums and many lifestyle exposures. These limitations may have hindered these studies from evaluating some important etiologic hypotheses.

Mitochondrial manganese-superoxide dismutase expression in ovarian cancer: role in cell proliferation and response to oxidative stress.

Superoxide dismutases (SODs) are important antioxidant enzymes responsible for the elimination of superoxide radical (O(2)(-)). The manganese-containing SOD (Mn-SOD) has been suggested to have tumor suppressor function and is located in the mitochondria where the majority of O(2)(-) is generated during respiration. Although increased reactive oxygen species (ROS) in cancer cells has long been recognized, the expression of Mn-SOD in cancer and its role in cancer development remain elusive.

Modifying effects of sulfotransferase 1A1 gene polymorphism on the association of breast cancer risk with body mass index or endogenous steroid hormones.

Sulfotransferase (SULT) 1A1 is involved in the inactivation and elimination of estrogens and catechol estrogens. A common functional polymorphism (Arg213His) has been linked in our previous study of postmenopausal Caucasian women to an elevated risk of breast cancer and the association appeared to be modified by factors related to high endogenous estrogen exposures. We further evaluated this polymorphism and levels of BMI and steroid hormones in association with breast cancer risk in a population-based case-control study of Chinese women, involving 1102 incident cases aged 25-64 years and 1147 age-matched population controls.

Prospective cohort study of soy food consumption and risk of bone fracture among postmenopausal women.

Background: Soy consumption has been shown to modulate bone turnover and increase bone mineral density in postmenopausal women. To our knowledge, no published studies have directly examined the association between soy consumption and risk of fracture.

Methods: We examined the relationship between usual soy food consumption and fracture incidence in 24,403 postmenopausal women who had no history of fracture or cancer and were recruited between March 1, 1997, and May 23, 2000, in the Shanghai Women's Health Study, a cohort study of approximately 75,000 Chinese women aged 40 to 70 years.

Population genetics for Y-STRs haplotypes of Chinese Ewenki ethnic minority group.

Chinese Ewenki ethnic minority group, with a population of 26,300 in a statistical survey conducted in 2000, has a lifestyle of nomad, and is distributed across seven counties in the Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region and in Nahe County of Heilongjiang Province of China. The Ewenki people have no written script but a spoken language with three dialects belonging to the Manchu-Tungusic group of the Altai language family. Raising reindeers is the key livelihood of Ewenkis.

Longitudinal study of soy food intake and blood pressure among middle-aged and elderly Chinese women.

Background: Several small-scale clinical trials have suggested a potential beneficial effect of short-term soy consumption on blood pressure (BP). Data are scanty on long-term effects of the usual intake of soy foods on BP in general populations.

Objective: Our aim was to examine the association between usual intake of soy foods and BP.

Subcellular localization of p27kip1 expression predicts poor prognosis in human ovarian cancer.

Purpose: The cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor p27(kip1) regulates cellular progression from G(1) to S phase. Several studies have shown that loss of p27(kip1) protein expression is associated with disease progression in various malignancies. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the subcellular localization of this cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor in a large cohort of primary ovarian carcinomas and compare the results with clinicopathologic variables and overall survival.