Novel natural killer cell-based therapies for hematologic and solid malignancies: latest updates from ASCO 2024.

Natural killer (NK) cell-based therapies have made great progress in treating both hematological and solid tumors. Their unique mechanism of action does not rely on antigen presentation to recognize and eliminate tumor cells, making them a promising approach for cancer immunotherapy. In this review, we present a comprehensive summary of the latest clinical data of the novel NK cell-based therapies from the 2024 American Society of Clinical Oncology (ASCO) Annual Meeting, highlighting the potential of these advancements to revolutionize the treatment of hematologic malignancies and solid tumors.

Venetoclax-based therapy for relapsed or refractory acute myeloid leukemia: latest updates from the 2023 ASH annual meeting.

Patients with relapsed or refractory (R/R) acute myeloid leukemia (AML) often exhibit limited responses to traditional chemotherapy, resulting in poor prognosis. The combination of venetoclax (VEN) with hypomethylating agents has been established as the standard treatment for elderly or medically unfit AML patients unable to undergo intensive chemotherapy. Despite this, the availability of novel VEN-based therapies specifically tailored for those with R/R AML remains scarce.

Exosomal miR-222-3p contributes to castration-resistant prostate cancer by activating mTOR signaling.

Despite the clinical benefits of androgen deprivation therapy, most patients with advanced androgen-dependent prostate cancer (ADPC) eventually relapse and progress to lethal androgen-independent prostate cancer (AIPC), also termed castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC). MiRNAs can be packaged into exosomes (Exos) and shuttled between cells. However, the roles and mechanisms of exosomal miRNAs involved in CRPC progression have not yet been fully elucidated.

Venetoclax-based therapy for relapsed or refractory acute myeloid leukemia: latest updates from the 2022 ASH annual meeting.

Venetoclax (VEN), the first selective Bcl-2 inhibitor, has shown efficacy and safety both as monotherapy and in combination with other agents in the treatment of newly diagnosed acute myeloid leukemia (AML), while its role in relapsed or refractory (R/R) disease is not well defined. Here, we reviewed the latest advances of VEN-based therapy for R/R AML from the 2022 American Society of Hematology (ASH) Annual Meeting, including some novel and encouraging regimes, such as VCA, VAH, and HAM regimes, etc. Further research is still needed to fully understand the optimal use of these agents in R/R AML treatment.

Adefovir dipivoxil inhibits APL progression through degradation of the oncoprotein PML-RARA.

Acute promyelocytic leukemia (APL) is highly aggressive and is frequently associated with disseminated intravascular coagulation and high early death rates. Although all-trans retinoic acid (RA) induces complete remission in a high proportion of patients with APL, there are limited treatments for APL patients with RA resistance. Here we report an atypical APL patient, with an APL-like disease that developed very slowly without anti-leukemia therapy for nearly 2 years.

Linalool inhibits the growth of human T cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia cells with involvement of the MAPK signaling pathway.

Linalool can inhibit the malignant proliferation of numerous human malignant solid tumors, including hepatocellular carcinoma, breast cancer, small cell carcinoma and malignant melanoma. However, the role of linalool in T cell acute lymphoblastic leukaemia (T-ALL) remains unclear. In the present study, human T-ALL cell lines (Jurkat, H9, Molt-4 and Raji cells) and peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) from healthy donors were treated with various concentrations of linalool (3.

Clinical and laboratory characteristics of lymphoid neoplasms in serous effusions: a single centre experience in China.

Background: Lymphoid neoplasms in serous effusions are uncommon, and the details of lymphoid neoplasms in serous effusions from China are still unclear.

Methods: Between January 2004 and December 2019, all patients with lymphoid neoplasms in pleural effusions, ascites, and pericardial effusions in our hospital, were reviewed.

Results: A total of 65 patients with lymphoid neoplasms were collected during this period.

Unusual findings of acute myeloid leukemia with inv(3)(q21q26.2) or t(3;3)(q21;q26.2): A multicenter study.

Introduction: AML with inv(3)(q21.3q26.2) or t(3;3)(q21.

Chronic myelogenous leukemia following small lymphocytic lymphoma: a case report and review of literature.

Chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML) following non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (NHL) is extremely rare. Here we report a unique case of CML after small lymphocytic lymphoma (SLL). A 64-years-old Asian female was firstly diagnosed as SLL by biopsies of the retroperitoneal and the mesenteric root lymph nodes, with bone marrow (BM) involvement.

Secondary mixed phenotype acute leukemia following chemotherapy for diffuse large B-cell lymphoma: a case report and review of the literature.

Therapy-related mixed phenotype acute leukemia (MPAL) following non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (NHL) is extremely rare. We present here the case of an elderly man, diagnosed with diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) through a tonsil biopsy. After treatment with seven cycles of CHOP (cyclophosphamide, doxorubicin, vincristine and prednisolone) like regimen, the patient developed to MPAL (B/myeloid) with del(7)(q22), t(6;9)(p23;q34), fusion, as well as and mutations.

Chronic myeloid leukemia following repeated diagnostic X-ray exposure for the treatment of recurrent spontaneous pneumothorax in a patient with ankylosing spondylitis: A case report and literature review.

Previous studies have indicated that X-ray irradiation may increase the risk of chronic myeloid leukemia (CML), and the incidence of spontaneous pneumothorax in patients with ankylosing spondylitis (AS) is higher than in the general population. Patients with AS usually develop spontaneous pneumothorax several years after the diagnosis of AS. The present study reports the unusual case and complicated clinical history of a 29-year-old man with recurrent pneumothorax and AS, who developed CML following repeated exposure to low doses of radiation via diagnostic X-rays and chest computed tomography imaging.

Chronic myeloid leukaemia following repeated exposure to chest radiography and computed tomography in a patient with pneumothorax: A case report and literature review.

It is well known that radioactive rays may cause damage to the human body. Progress in modern medicine has led to an increased risk of therapeutic and diagnostic radiation exposure of patients. Although clear evidence of a radiation dose-dependent risk of chronic myeloid leukaemia, particularly for patients exposed to radiation at a young age, has been established, it is not known whether radiation exposure during diagnostic imaging also increases the risk of cancer.

Increased urinary interleukin 22 binding protein levels correlate with lupus nephritis activity.

Objective: Interleukin 22 (IL-22) plays an important role in the promotion of antimicrobial immunity. However, dysregulated IL-22 action leads to inflammation and is involved in autoimmune diseases, including systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). IL-22 binding protein (IL-22BP) is a soluble inhibitory IL-22 receptor and may represent a crucial regulator of IL-22.

Clinicopathologic characteristics of prefibrotic-early primary myelofibrosis in Chinese patients.

The clinicopathologic features of patients with prefibrotic-early primary myelofibrosis (PEPMF) are still uncertain, and the characteristics of PEPMF in Asian patients are rarely reported. This study analyzed the clinicopathologic characteristics of 42 Chinese patients with PMF newly diagnosed according to the 2008 World Health Organization criteria. Some clinical and laboratory features of the patients differed significantly from those of the predominantly white patients in Western countries.

[The morphology features of bone marrow in the prefibrotic-early primary myelofibrosis].

Objective: To compare the morphologic features of bone marrow (BM) between the prefibrotic-early primary myelofibrosis (PMF) and essential thrombocythaemia (ET).

Method: Seven cases of prefibrotic-early PMF were selected and analyzed. Based on the diagnostic standard of prefibrotic-early PMF by WHO, BM aspirate smears, trephine biopsy sections and imprints of 156 uncertain ET cases conducted simultaneously were recruited into this study, the BM morphologic features between the prefibrotic-early PMF and ET groups were analyzed.

[Value of imprint in bone marrow morphological examination].

Objective: To explore the role of bone marrow (BM) imprint in the diagnosis of hematological diseases.

Methods: Between January 2002 and June 2008, a total of 3024 cases with BM smears, imprints and sections conducted simultaneously were recruited. There were 1667 males and 1357 females with a median age of 55 years old (range: 7 to 92).

The role of peripheral blood, bone marrow aspirate and especially bone marrow trephine biopsy in distinguishing atypical chronic myeloid leukemia from chronic granulocytic leukemia and chronic myelomonocytic leukemia.

Objectives: To better realize the features of peripheral blood (PB), bone marrow (BM) aspirate and especially BM trephine biopsy in atypical chronic myeloid leukemia (aCML).

Methods: We studied PB, BM smears in 35 cases of aCML and compared with 84 cases of chronic granulocytic leukemia chronic phase (CGL-CP), 39 cases of chronic myelomonocytic leukemia (CMML). In addition, we evaluated characteristics of BM trephine biopsies in 21 cases of aCML and compared with 68 cases of CGL-CP, 20 cases of CMML.

[Improvement of Phi bodies stain and its clinical significance].

The aim of this study was to improve the dyeing method of hydroperoxidase (HPO), to analyze the morphologic features of Phi bodies and to evaluate the clinical application of this method. 128 bone marrow or peripheral blood smears from patients with myeloid and lymphoid malignancies were stained by improved HPO staining. The Phi bodies were observed with detection rate of Phi bodies in different leukemias.

[Cerulenin changes apoptosis related genes expression in multiple myeloma cell line U266].

Objective: To study the expression changes of apoptosis related genes induced by cerulenin in multiple myeloma cell line U266 and explore its molecular mechanism.

Methods: The expression changes of 96 apoptosis related genes were analyzed by superArray cDNA in U266 cells treated with cerulenin (20 microg/ml) for 12 h. Semi-quantitative RT-PCR was used to confirm the representative expression changes genes, Rip2, caspase 9 and TRAF2.

Novel distribution pattern of fibrinolytic components in rabbit tissues extract: a preliminary study.

Objective: The purpose of this work was to investigate the distribution pattern of fibrinolytic factors and their inhibitors in rabbit tissues.

Methods: The components of the fibrinolytic system in extracts from a variety of rabbit tissues, including tissue plasminogen activator (tPA), plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1), plasminogen (Plg), plasmin (Pl) and alpha(2) plasmin inhibitor (alpha(2)PI), were determined by colorimetric assay.

Results: The tissue extracts in renal, small intestine, lung, brain and spleen demonstrated strong fibrinolytic function, in which high activity of tPA, Plg and Pl was manifested; whereas in skeletal muscle, tongue and stomach, higher activity of PAI-1 and alpha(2)PI showed obviously.

Clinical study of plasma thrombomodulin detection.

The purpose of this study was to investigate the clinical value of plasma thrombomodulin (PTM) in different diseases or in different severity or complications of diseases, PTM in 979 patients and 60 healthy controls was determined by ELISA method. The results showed that the PTM level in the control group was 20.40 +/- 7.