Alcelaphine herpesvirus 1 genes A7 and A8 regulate viral spread and are essential for malignant catarrhal fever.

Alcelaphine herpesvirus 1 (AlHV-1) is a gammaherpesvirus that is carried asymptomatically by wildebeest. Upon cross-species transmission to other ruminants, including domestic cattle, AlHV-1 induces malignant catarrhal fever (MCF), which is a fatal lymphoproliferative disease resulting from proliferation and uncontrolled activation of latently infected CD8+ T cells. Two laboratory strains of AlHV-1 are used commonly in research: C500, which is pathogenic, and WC11, which has been attenuated by long-term maintenance in cell culture.

Antiviral effects of selected IMPDH and DHODH inhibitors against foot and mouth disease virus.

Foot-and-mouth disease virus (FMDV) is an important pathogen that affects livestock breeding and causes huge economic losses worldwide. Currently, the development of antiviral agents to combat FMDV infection at the early stages is being explored. As viral replication critically depends on the host for nucleoside supply, host enzymes involved in nucleotides biosynthesis may represent potential targets for the development of antiviral agents.

Antiviral activity of merimepodib against foot and mouth disease virus in vitro and in vivo.

Foot and mouth disease virus (FMDV), a member of family Picornaviridae, belongs to the genus Aphthovirus, which causes foot and mouth disease (FMD), a highly transmissible disease that affects cloven-hoof animals. In spite of the fact that efficient vaccines are available, effective antiviral molecules for FMD are needed to reduce viral infection during early stages of infection. In this study, merimepodib was found to efficiently inhibit FMDV replication in a dose-dependent manner.

Antiviral effect of amiloride on replication of foot and mouth disease virus in cell culture.

Recently, amiloride was shown to potently suppress Coxsackievirus B3 (CVB3) replication. In the current study, we investigated whether amiloride could also exhibit antiviral activity against foot-and-mouth disease virus (FMDV), which belongs to the same family (Picornaviridae) as CVB3. We found that amiloride exerted antiviral activity in a dose-dependent manner against two strains of FMDV in IBRS-2 cells, with slight cytotoxicity at 1000 μM.

Antiviral activity of brequinar against foot-and-mouth disease virus infection in vitro and in vivo.

Foot-and-mouth disease (FMD) is one of the most highly contagious animal disease that affects cloven-hoofed animals. However, the FMD vaccine does not provide effective protection until adaptive immune protection elicited by the vaccination occurs. Therefore, an alternative application of antiviral agents for inhibition of the FMD virus (FMDV) is needed.

In Vitro and in Vivo Antiviral Activity of Mizoribine Against Foot-And-Mouth Disease Virus.

Foot-and-mouth disease (FMD) is a highly contagious viral disease of cloven-hoofed animals, which has significant economic consequences in affected countries. As the currently available vaccines against FMD provide no protection until 4-7 days post-vaccination, the only alternative method to control the spread of FMD virus (FMDV) during outbreaks is the application of antiviral agents. Hence, it is important to identify effective antiviral agents against FMDV infection.

Inhibitory effects of homoharringtonine on foot and mouth disease virus in vitro.

Foot-and-mouth disease (FMD) is a highly contagious disease that affects cloven-hoof animals including cattle, swine, sheep, goats, and lots of wild species. Effectively control measures are urged needed. Here, we showed that homoharringtonine treatment exhibited a strong inhibitory effect against two different strains of FMDVs (O/MYA98/BY/2010 and A/GD/MM/2013) in swine kidney (IBRS-2) cells.

Type I Interferons: Distinct Biological Activities and Current Applications for Viral Infection.

The interferons (IFNs) are a primary defense against pathogens because of the strong antiviral activities they induce. IFNs can be classified into three groups: type I, type II and type III, according to their genetic, structural, and functional characteristics and their receptors on the cell surface. The type I IFNs are the largest group and include IFN-α, IFN-β, IFN-ε, IFN-ω, IFN-κ, IFN-δ, IFN-τ and IFN-ζ.

A novel type I interferon, interferon alphaomega, shows antiviral activity against foot-and-mouth disease virus in vitro.

Recently, a novel type I interferon alphaomega (IFN-αω), also known as IFN-μ, was identified. However, the biological activity of IFN-αω remain poorly understood. In this study, the porcine IFN-αω (PoIFN-αω) was expressed, purified, and its antiviral activities assessed by its ability to inhibit the cytopathic effect caused by FMDV on IBRS-2 cells.

Antiviral activity of porcine interferon omega 7 against foot-and-mouth disease virus in vitro.

Foot-and-mouth disease (FMD) is a disease of worldwide economic importance, and vaccines play an important role in preventing FMDV outbreaks. However, new control strategies are still needed since FMDV outbreaks still occur in some disease-free countries. Currently, interferon (IFN)-based strategies have been demonstrated to be an efficient biotherapeutic option against FMDV; however, interferon omega (IFN-ω) has not yet been assessed in this capacity.

Antiviral activity of porcine interferon delta 8 against foot-and-mouth disease virus in vitro.

Foot-and-mouth disease (FMD) is one of the most devastating diseases affecting livestock. Since vaccines fail to provide protection until seven days post-vaccination, the application of anti-viral molecules is imperative for suppressing the spread of FMDV prior to development of an adaptive immune response. Interferons (IFNs) are effective for the host to fight FMDV infections; however, a novel type I IFNs, interferon delta (IFN-δ), has not been investigated for their antiviral effects against this virus.