Abnormal functional lateralization and cooperation in bipolar disorder are associated with neurotransmitter and cellular profiles.

Background: Hemispheric lateralization and cooperation are essential for efficient brain function, and aberrations in both have been found in psychiatric disorders such as schizophrenia. This study investigated alterations in hemispheric lateralization and cooperation among patients with bipolar disorder (BD) and associations with neurotransmitter and cell-type density distributions to identify potential molecular and cellular pathomechanisms.

Methods: Sixty-seven BD patients and 127 healthy controls (HCs) were examined by resting-state functional MRI (rs-fMRI).

Sex differences in brain functional specialization and interhemispheric cooperation among children with autism spectrum disorders.

The prevalence of autism spectrum disorders (ASDs) differs substantially between males and females, suggesting that sex-related neurodevelopmental factors are central to ASD pathogenesis. Numerous studies have suggested that abnormal brain specialization patterns and poor regional cooperation contribute to ASD pathogenesis, but relatively little is known about the related sex differences. Therefore, this study examined sex differences in brain functional specialization and cooperation among children with ASD.

Hyperactivity and altered functional connectivity of the ventral striatum in schizophrenia compared with bipolar disorder: A resting state fMRI study.

Background: Schizophrenia patients frequently present with structural and functional abnormalities of the ventral striatum (VS).

Methods: we examined basal activation state and functional connectivity (FC) in four subregions of the bilateral ventral striatum: left inferior ventral striatum (VSi_L), left superior ventral striatum(VSs_L), right inferior ventral striatum(VSi_R), and right superior ventral striatum(VSs_R). Resting-state functional magnetic resonance images were obtained from 62 schizophrenia patients (SCH), 57 bipolar disorder (BD) patients, and 26 healthy controls (HCs).

Differential symptom cluster responses and predictors to repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation treatment in Parkinson's disease: A retrospective study.

Background: Repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) is an effective noninvasive neuromodulation technique for Parkinson's disease (PD). However, the efficacy of rTMS varies widely between individuals. This study aimed to investigate the factors related to the response to rTMS in PD patients.

Brain functional specialization and cooperation in Alzheimer's disease.

Background: Cerebral specialization and interhemispheric cooperation are two vital features of the human brain. Their dysfunction may be associated with disease progression in patients with Alzheimer's disease (AD), which is featured as progressive cognitive degeneration and asymmetric neuropathology.

Objective: This study aimed to examine and define two inherent properties of hemispheric function in patients with AD by utilizing resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (rs-fMRI).

Decreased inter-hemispheric cooperation in major depressive disorder and its association with neurotransmitter profiles.

Background: Inter-hemispheric cooperation is a prominent feature of the human brain, and previous neuroimaging studies have revealed aberrant inter-hemispheric cooperation patterns in patients with major depressive disorder (MDD). Typically, inter-hemispheric cooperation is examined by calculating the functional connectivity (FC) between each voxel in one hemisphere and its anatomical (structurally homotopic) counterpart in the opposite hemisphere. However, bilateral hemispheres are actually asymmetric in anatomy.

Heterogeneous Brain Abnormalities in Schizophrenia Converge on a Common Network Associated With Symptom Remission.

Background And Hypothesis: There is a huge heterogeneity of magnetic resonance imaging findings in schizophrenia studies. Here, we hypothesized that brain regions identified by structural and functional imaging studies of schizophrenia could be reconciled in a common network.

Study Design: We systematically reviewed the case-control studies that estimated the brain morphology or resting-state local function for schizophrenia patients in the literature.

Abnormal interhemispheric functional cooperation in schizophrenia follows the neurotransmitter profiles.

Background: Interhemispheric cooperation is one of the most prominent functional architectures of the human brain. In patients with schizophrenia, interhemispheric cooperation deficits have been reported using increasingly powerful neurobehavioural and neuroimaging measures. However, these methods rely in part on the assumption of anatomic symmetry between hemispheres.

Abnormal hemispheric specialization and inter-hemispheric functional cooperation in generalized anxiety disorder.

Abnormal hemispheric specialization and inter-hemispheric interactions may contribute to the pathogenesis of general anxiety disorder (GAD). The current study investigated these abnormalities in GAD patients based on the two analytic approaches and examined whether such abnormalities are correlated with anxiety symptom severity. Seventy-three patients with GAD and 60 matched healthy controls were recruited.

Effects of high-definition transcranial direct current stimulation on implicit emotion regulation of social pain in healthy individuals.

Background: Implicit emotion regulation (ER), a form of ER, is essential for protecting mental health in the process of social interaction. Both the ventrolateral prefrontal cortex (VLPFC) and the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) have been shown to be involved in ER processes, including explicit ER of social pain, but whether they play a role in implicit ER is unclear.

Methods: We investigated whether anodal high-definition transcranial direct current stimulation (HD-tDCS) of the right VLPFC (rVLPFC) or the right DLPFC (rDLPFC) influences implicit ER.

Effect of high-definition transcranial direct current stimulation on improving depression and modulating functional activity in emotion-related cortical-subcortical regions in bipolar depression.

Preliminary studies have suggested that transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) is effective for bipolar depression, However, brain correlates of the depression alleviating are unclear. To determine the efficacy and safety of tDCS as an add-on treatment for patients with bipolar depression and further to identify the effect of tDCS on the resting-state brain activities, we recruited fifty patients with bipolar depression to complete the double-blind, sham-controlled and randomized clinical trial. Fourteen sessions of tDCS were performed once a day for 14 days.

Neuroplasticity-Related Genes and Dopamine Receptors Associated with Regional Cortical Thickness Increase Following Electroconvulsive Therapy for Major Depressive Disorder.

Electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) is an effective neuromodulatory therapy for major depressive disorder (MDD). Treatment is associated with regional changes in brain structure and function, indicating activation of neuroplastic processes. To investigate the underlying neurobiological mechanism of macroscopic reorganization following ECT, we longitudinally (before and after ECT in two centers) collected magnetic resonance images for 96 MDD patients.

Different Dynamic Nodal Properties Contribute to Cognitive Impairment in Patients with White Matter Hyperintensities.

White matter hyperintensities (WMHs) are commonly observed in older adults and are associated with cognitive impairment. Although previous studies have found abnormal functional connectivities in patients with WMHs based on static functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI), the topological properties in the context of brain dynamics remain relatively unexplored. Herein, we explored disrupted dynamic topological properties of functional network connectivity in patients with WMHs and its relationship with cognitive impairment.

Linking Personalized Brain Atrophy to Schizophrenia Network and Treatment Response.

Background And Hypothesis: Schizophrenia manifests with marked heterogeneity in both clinical presentation and underlying biology. Modeling individual differences within clinical cohorts is critical to translate knowledge reliably into clinical practice. We hypothesized that individualized brain atrophy in patients with schizophrenia may explain the heterogeneous outcomes of repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS).

Efficacy of twice-daily high-frequency repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation on associative memory.

Objectives: Several studies have examined the effects of repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) on associative memory (AM) but findings were inconsistent. Here, we aimed to test whether twice-daily rTMS could significantly improve AM.

Methods: In this single-blind, sham-controlled experiment, 40 participants were randomized to receive twice-daily sham or real rTMS sessions for five consecutive days (a total of 16,000 pulses).

Minimal scanning duration for producing individualized repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation targets.

This study aimed to determine the minimal scanning duration of functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) for producing individualized repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) targets that are superior to the group-level targets. This study included 30 healthy subjects and 20 depressive patients with high-sampled fMRI data (> 69 min). We computed suboptimal targets by gradually increasing the scanning duration beginning at 6 min.

A landmark-based approach to locate symptom-specific transcranial magnetic stimulation targets of depression.

Objective: Two subregions of the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex have been identified as effective repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) targets for the "anxiosomatic" and "dysphoric" symptoms, respectively. We aimed to develop a convenient approach to locate these targets on the scalp.

Materials And Methods: In a discovery experiment, the two personalized targets were precisely identified on 24 subjects using a neuronavigation system.

Hypogyrification in Generalized Anxiety Disorder and Associated with Insomnia Symptoms.

Purpose: Insomnia is a recognized feature of generalized anxiety disorder (GAD). The underlying neural substrate of insomnia in GAD is still unclear. Cortical folding is a reliable index and possibly an endophenotype of psychiatric disease.

Resting-State Neural-Activity Alterations in Subacute Aphasia after Stroke.

Linguistic deficits are frequent symptoms among stroke survivors. The neural mechanism of post-stroke aphasia (PSA) was incompletely understood. Recently, resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (rs-fMRI) was widely used among several neuropsychological disorders.