Deep Learning in Neuroradiology.

Deep learning is a form of machine learning using a convolutional neural network architecture that shows tremendous promise for imaging applications. It is increasingly being adapted from its original demonstration in computer vision applications to medical imaging. Because of the high volume and wealth of multimodal imaging information acquired in typical studies, neuroradiology is poised to be an early adopter of deep learning.

Gastric Cancer Caused by Adenoma: Predictive Factors Associated with Lesions Other Than the Expanded Indications.

Background/aims: We aimed to investigate whether the current indications for curative endoscopic resection (ER) of gastric cancer (GC) can be applied to GC caused by adenoma. Additionally, we attempted to identify factors predictive of lesions subsequently found in addition to the expanded indications for ER.

Methods: We retrospectively analyzed 342 patients diagnosed with GC caused by adenoma who underwent ER at a single tertiary center between February 2011 and December 2014.

Using Mobile Health Intervention to Improve Secondary Prevention of Coronary Heart Diseases in China: Mixed-Methods Feasibility Study.

Background: Coronary heart disease (CHD) is the leading cause of cardiovascular mortality worldwide, yet implementation of evidence-based strategies for secondary prevention remains suboptimal.

Objective: This study aimed to evaluate the feasibility, specifically the usability and acceptability, and estimate the preliminary effectiveness of a mobile health (mHealth) intervention targeting both physicians and patients to improve adherence to evidence-based medications and lifestyle modifications.

Methods: We conducted a 12-week pre-post interventional pilot study at two sites in Shanghai and Hainan, China.

Robot-assisted laparoscopic megaureter tapering with ureteral reimplantation: Tips and tricks.

Objective: The aim was to demonstrate surgical techniques used in pediatric robot-assisted laparoscopic megaureter tapering (RALMT) with ureteral reimplantation. We report on our preliminary experience.

Methods: We reviewed video of patients who underwent RALMT with ureteral reimplantation between August 2012 and November 2015.

Human breast cancer cells display different sensitivities to ABT-263 based on the level of survivin.

ABT-263 (navitoclax), a Bcl-2 family protein inhibitor, was clinically tested as an anti-cancer agent. However, the clinical trials were limited given the occurrence of resistance to monotherapy in breast cancer cells. Our study investigates the mechanisms for overcoming navitoclax resistance by combining it with an mTOR inhibitor to indirectly target survivin.

The Characteristics and Prognosis of Diffuse-Type Early Gastric Cancer Diagnosed during Health Check-Ups.

Background/aims: Because of the poor prognosis of diffuse-type gastric cancer, early detection is important. We investigated the clinical characteristics and prognosis of diffuse-type early gastric cancer (EGC) diagnosed in subjects during health check-ups.

Methods: Among 121,111 subjects who underwent gastroscopy during a routine health check-up, we identified 282 patients with 286 EGC lesions and reviewed their clinical and tumor-specific parameters.

Blind ending vessels on diagnostic laparoscopy for nonpalpable testis: Is a nubbin present?

Introduction: The traditional management paradigm for nonpalpable testis (NPT) has been that inguinal or scrotal exploration for a nubbin may be omitted when blind ending vessels are observed during diagnostic laparoscopy. Our aim was to examine whether blind ending vessels excluded the presence of a nubbin in a series of boys who underwent exploration in this setting.

Materials And Methods: Using a surgical database and chart review, pre-pubertal boys (≤12 years) with the diagnosis of undescended or atrophic testis who underwent a diagnostic laparoscopy for unilateral NPT between 2000 and 2015 were retrospectively identified.

Testosterone Modifies Alterations to Detrusor Muscle after Partial Bladder Outlet Obstruction in Juvenile Mice.

Lower urinary tract symptoms secondary to posterior urethral valves (PUV) arise in boys during adolescence. The reasons for this have previously been attributed to increased urine output as boys experience increased growth. Additionally, there are few choices for clinicians to effectively treat these complications.

Current challenges with proximal hypospadias: We have a long way to go.

Background And Purpose: Proximal hypospadias repair has continued to challenge the pediatric urologist despite great efforts to develop better techniques for repair.

Methods: In this article, we review the literature regarding modern proximal hypospadias repair approaches and outcomes. We also present our current approach to proximal hypospadias repair surgery and outcome tracking.

Phytochemical profiles and antioxidant activity of processed brown rice products.

The phytochemical profiles and antioxidant activity of free, soluble-conjugated, and bound fractions of brown rice and its processed products (textured rice, cooked rice and rice noodle) were studied. Nineteen phenolic acids were identified. Trans-ferulic acid was the most abundant monomeric phenolic acid with trans-trans-8-O-4' diferulic acid being most abundant diferulic acid.

Phytochemical profiles and antioxidant activity of brown rice varieties.

The phytochemical content and antioxidant activity of eight varieties of brown rice (BR) are reported. The total phenolic contents of BR ranged from 72.45 to 120.

Pattern of extragastric recurrence and the role of abdominal computed tomography in surveillance after endoscopic resection of early gastric cancer: Korean experiences.

Background: Although extragastric recurrence after endoscopic resection of early gastric cancer is rare, it is important because of its potentially fatal outcomes. We investigated the patterns of extragastric recurrence after endoscopic resection and evaluated the role of abdominal computed tomography in surveillance.

Methods: Between July 1994 and June 2014, 4915 patients underwent endoscopic resection of early gastric cancer.

Quality of life, patient satisfaction, and disease burden in patients with gastroesophageal reflux disease with or without laryngopharyngeal reflux symptoms.

Background And Aim: Patients with gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) have decreased health-related quality of life (HRQL). The quality of life in patients with laryngopharyngeal reflux (LPR) symptoms is also significantly impaired. However, the impact of LPR symptoms on HRQL in GERD patients has not been studied.

Comparison of long-term outcomes of endoscopic submucosal dissection and surgery for esophagogastric junction adenocarcinoma.

Background: Endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD) has become accepted as the standard treatment for early gastric cancer. However, comparative outcomes of ESD and surgery have not been evaluated for adenocarcinoma in the esophagogastric junction (EGJ). We investigated the long-term outcomes of ESD compared with those of surgery for adenocarcinoma in the EGJ.

Effect of Mobile Health Interventions on the Secondary Prevention of Cardiovascular Disease: Systematic Review and Meta-analysis.

Background: Despite the strong uptake of mobile health (mhealth) technology targeted at cardiovascular care, it is still unclear if this improves adherence to therapy and patient-related outcomes in those with established cardiovascular disease.

Methods: A systematic search of English and Chinese language studies was conducted to investigate the benefit of mhealth technology for the secondary prevention of cardiovascular disease.

Results: Twenty-seven studies with 5165 patients were included in the systematic review.

Revisiting Sports Precautions in Children With Solitary Kidneys and Congenital Anomalies of the Kidney and Urinary Tract.

This review article explores sports and recreational precautions in children with solitary kidneys. In 2001, the American Academy of Pediatrics published recommendations for activity in children with medical conditions. Those with solitary kidneys were graded a "qualified yes": no restriction in noncontact sports, and individual assessment for limited-contact, contact, and collision sports.

Effects of argon plasma coagulation on human stomach tissue: An ex vivo study.

Background And Aim: Argon plasma coagulation (APC) is a safe alternative treatment for gastrointestinal neoplasms and precancerous lesions. However, the extent of thermal damage after APC is difficult to predict. We investigated the effects of APC on human stomach tissue.

Ten-year experience of esophageal endoscopic submucosal dissection of superficial esophageal neoplasms in a single center.

Background/aims: Endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD) of a superficial esophageal neoplasm (SEN) is a technically difficult procedure. We investigated the clinical outcomes of ESD to determine its feasibility and effectiveness for the treatment of SEN.

Methods: Patients who underwent ESD for SEN between August 2005 and June 2014 were eligible for this study.

Endoscopic Ultrasonography in the Diagnosis of Gastric Subepithelial Lesions.

Subepithelial lesions occasionally found in the stomach of patients undergoing endoscopy may be either benign lesions or tumors with malignant potential. They may also appear due to extrinsic compression. Discrimination of gastric subepithelial lesions begins with meticulous endoscopic examination for size, shape, color, mobility, consistency, and appearance of the overlying mucosa.

Development of a mobile phone-based intervention to improve adherence to secondary prevention of coronary heart disease in China.

Coronary heart disease (CHD) is a major disease burden globally and in China, but secondary prevention among CHD patients remains insufficient. Mobile health (mHealth) technology holds promise for improving secondary prevention but few previous studies included both provider-facing and patient-directed measures. We conducted a physician needs assessment survey (n = 59), physician interviews (n = 6), one focus group and a short cellphone message validation survey (n = 14) in Shanghai and Hainan, China.

The Impact of Positive Income Shocks on Risky Sexual Behavior: Experimental Evidence from Tanzania.

In this paper, we exploit a lottery in Tanzania, which randomly assigned eligible participants to receive $100 cash grants. The randomized nature of the lottery allows us to estimate the causal impact of positive income shocks on risky sexual behavior. We found that winning the lottery led men to have 0.

Characteristics of Missed Simultaneous Gastric Lesions Based on Double-Check Analysis of the Endoscopic Image.

Background/aims: The detection of multifocal lesions is important for the successful management of gastric neoplasms. We investigated the characteristics of missed simultaneous lesions and the reason for the missed diagnoses.

Methods: A total of 140 patients who underwent repeat endoscopy before endoscopic resection between June 2013 and June 2014 were retrospectively reviewed.