Oxygenase Ppo-Regulated Moldy Volatiles Affect Growth, Pathogenicity and Patulin Biosynthesis of Through G Protein Signaling.

Precocious sexual inducer (psi)-producing oxygenases (Ppos) participate in the production of C8 moldy volatile compounds (MVOCs), and these compounds could act as signal molecules modulating G protein signaling cascades, which participates in the growth and development, secondary metabolisms and pathogenicity of filamentous fungi. In this study, PePpoA and PePpoC proteins were identified in . The deletion of decreased C8 MVOC production in , while they were not detected in the strain ( < 0.

Development and research status of intelligent ophthalmology in China.

This paper analyzes the current status, technological developments, academic exchange platforms, and future challenges and solutions in the field of intelligent ophthalmology (IO) in China. In terms of technology, significant progress has been made in various areas, including diabetic retinopathy, fundus image analysis, quality assessment of medical artificial intelligence products, clinical research methods, technical evaluation, and industry standards. Researchers continually enhance the safety and standardization of IO technology by formulating a series of clinical application guidelines and standards.

Enhanced beneficial lipids and volatile compounds in Jersey ghee attributed by key microbiota.

Ghee, a traditional fermented dairy product and dietary staple for inhabitants of the Tibet Plateau, has unclear lipid profiles and flavor formation mechanisms. This study aims to characterize superior ghee varieties and elucidate factors driving the production of beneficial lipids and flavor compounds. Through a comprehensive analysis of lipidomic profiles, volatile organic compound (VOC) release and microbial dynamics during ghee production from Holstein milk (HM) and Jersey milk (JM), A total of 126 differential lipids were identified, primarily associated with glycerophospholipid and sphingolipid metabolism.

All-Cause and Cause-Specific Burden of Asthma in a Transitioning City in China: Population Study.

Background: Understanding the impact of asthma on public health is crucial for evidence-based prevention and treatment strategies.

Objective: This study aimed to identify the causes of asthma-related mortality in Pudong, Shanghai, China, offering insights for managing similar regions or countries in transition.

Methods: Mortality statistics were obtained from the Vital Statistics System of Pudong for 2005-2021.

Transcriptomic response of overexpression ZNF32 in breast cancer cells.

Breast cancer is one of the deadliest malignancies in women worldwide. Zinc finger protein 32 (ZNF32) has been reported to be involved in autophagy and stem cell like properties of breast cancer cells. However, the effects, mechanisms, target genes and pathways of ZNF32 in breast cancer development have not been fully explored.

Mendelian randomization reveals that abnormal lipid metabolism mediates the causal relationship between body mass index and keratoconus.

Previous studies suggest that a high body mass index (BMI) may be a risk factor for keratoconus (KC), but the causal relationship remains unclear. This study used Mendelian randomization (MR) to investigate this connection and explore the mediating role of circulating serum metabolites and inflammatory factors in this association. Two-sample MR analysis was conducted to assess the relationship between BMI and KC.

Analysis and comparison of retinal vascular parameters under different glucose metabolic status based on deep learning.

Aim: To develop a deep learning-based model for automatic retinal vascular segmentation, analyzing and comparing parameters under diverse glucose metabolic status (normal, prediabetes, diabetes) and to assess the potential of artificial intelligence (AI) in image segmentation and retinal vascular parameters for predicting prediabetes and diabetes.

Methods: Retinal fundus photos from 200 normal individuals, 200 prediabetic patients, and 200 diabetic patients (600 eyes in total) were used. The U-Net network served as the foundational architecture for retinal artery-vein segmentation.

Regulation of sucrose metabolism, sugar transport and pentose phosphate pathway by PacC in apple fruit colonized by Penicillium expansum.

A critical transcription factor, PacC, modulates the expression of fungal pH signaling. Although PacC-mediated environmental pH has been reported to regulate the growth and pathogenicity of postharvest pathogens, the involvement of PacC in sucrose metabolism, sugar transport, and the pentose phosphate pathway (PPP) in different zones of decayed fruit remains unclear. Our work showed that the inoculation with a PePacC deletion strain of Penicillium expansum (ΔPePacC) accelerated sucrose catabolism and glucose and fructose accumulation in different zones of apple fruit.

Exploring the causal relationship between body mass index and keratoconus: a Mendelian randomization study.

Background: Despite reports suggesting a link between obesity and keratoconus, the causal relationship is not fully understood.

Methods: We used genome-wide association study (GWAS) data from public databases for a two-sample Mendelian randomization analysis to investigate the causal link between body mass index (BMI) and keratoconus. The primary method was inverse variance weighted (IVW), complemented by different analytical techniques and sensitivity analyses to ensure result robustness.

Moldy odors in food - a review.

Food products are susceptible to mold contamination, releasing moldy odors. These moldy odors not only affect the flavor of food, but also pose a risk to human health. Moldy odors are a mixture of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) released by the fungi themselves, which are the main source of moldy odors in moldy foods.

Preharvest spraying of phenylalanine activates the sucrose and respiratory metabolism in muskmelon wounds during healing.

Phenylalanine (Phe) accelerates fruit wound healing by activating phenylpropanoid metabolism. However, whether Phe affects sucrose and respiratory metabolism in fruit during wound healing remains unknown. In this research, we found that preharvest Phe spray promoted sucrose degradation and increased glucose and fructose levels by activating acid invertase (AI), neutral invertase (NI), sucrose synthase (SS) and sucrose phosphate synthase (SPS) on harvested muskmelons.

The small GTPase Ypt7 of Penicillium expansum is required for growth, patulin biosynthesis and virulence.

Ypt GTPases are the largest subfamily of small GTPases involved in membrane transport. Here, a PeYpt7 gene deletion mutant of P. expansum was constructed.

From normal population to prediabetes and diabetes: study of influencing factors and prediction models.

Objective: The purpose of this study is to investigate the independent influencing factors of the transition from normal population to prediabetes, and from prediabetes to diabetes, and to further construct clinical prediction models to provide a basis for the prevention and management of prediabetes and diabetes.

Materials And Methods: The data for this study were based on clinical information of participants from the Health Management Center of Peking University Shenzhen Hospital. Participants were classified into normal group, prediabetes group, and diabetes group according to their functional status of glucose metabolism.

Development and evaluation of a risk prediction model for diabetes mellitus type 2 patients with vision-threatening diabetic retinopathy.

Objective: This study aims to develop and evaluate a non-imaging clinical data-based nomogram for predicting the risk of vision-threatening diabetic retinopathy (VTDR) in diabetes mellitus type 2 (T2DM) patients.

Methods: Based on the baseline data of the Guangdong Shaoguan Diabetes Cohort Study conducted by the Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center (ZOC) in 2019, 2294 complete data of T2DM patients were randomly divided into a training set (n=1605) and a testing set (n=689). Independent risk factors were selected through univariate and multivariate logistic regression analysis on the training dataset, and a nomogram was constructed for predicting the risk of VTDR in T2DM patients.

Protective effects of yeast extract against alcohol-induced liver injury in rats.

Oxidative stress, inflammatory response, and gut-liver axis dysbiosis have been suggested as the primarily involved in the pathogenesis of alcoholic liver injury. Previous research established that yeast extract (YE) has antioxidant, immune-boosting or microbiota-regulating properties. However, there is currently lack of information regarding the efficacy of YE on alcoholic liver injury.

Aneuploidy Formation in the Filamentous Fungus Aspergillus flavus in Response to Azole Stress.

Aspergillus flavus is a mycotoxigenic fungus that contaminates many important agricultural crops with aflatoxin B1, the most toxic and carcinogenic natural compound. This fungus is also the second leading cause of human invasive aspergillosis, after Aspergillus fumigatus, a disease that is particularly prevalent in immunocompromised individuals. Azole drugs are considered the most effective compounds in controlling Aspergillus infections both in clinical and agricultural settings.

Erg4 Is Involved in Ergosterol Biosynthesis, Conidiation and Stress Response in .

is a key gene for ergosterol biosynthesis in filamentous fungi, but its function in remains unknown. Our results showed that contains three genes, including , and . The expression levels of the three genes showed differences in the wild-type (WT) strain, and the expression level of was the highest, followed by .