The ileocecal valve in transabdominal ultrasound. Part 2: Pathological lesions.

The aim of this paper is to present our experience in transabdominal ultrasonography of ileocecal valve lesions. The ileocecal valve, located in the central part of the ileocecal bowel segment, is rarely the primary site of disease processes. It is usually involved by pathologies in adjacent bowel segments.

Suture-like pattern formation in the pterygospinous bridge of the human sphenoid bone.

The paper presents an anatomical study involving rare variations in the pterygospinous bridges found in Mongolian skulls. These structures extend between the lateral pterygoid plate and the sphenoid spine. Particularly interesting is the division of these bridges into two distinct parts of the similar length.

Anatomical features of the mandibular canal and their clinical significance - review of literature.

The clinical issues related to the anatomical variation of the mandibular canal have been extensively analyzed since the 19th century. Evolving dentistry techniques and advancements in the prosthetics forced to collect detailed information about anatomical variations of the mandibular canal due to its neurovascular content. Therefore, its radiographic imaging became an essential part of the oral surgery, in order to avoid complications resulted from an accidental damage of the mandibular canal.

The venous plexus of Rektorzik - anatomo-clinical issues retrieved from the literature data.

The venous plexus of Rektorzik is a network of small veins, which enlace outside the wall of the internal carotid artery while it traverses the petrous part of the temporal bone. The anatomical and clinical issues related to the communication between the plexus of Rektorzik and other cranial venous structures were discussed in this paper.

Exploring the clinical characteristics and prevalence of the annular pancreas: a meta-analysis.

Background: The annular pancreas (AP) is a rare gastrointestinal congenital malformation, in which malrotation of the pancreatic ventral bud in the seventh week of embryonic development manifests in a partial or complete ring of tissue around the second part of the duodenum.

Methods: The main online medical databases such as PubMed, ScienceDirect, Wiley online library, Web of Science, and EBSCO discovery service were used to gather all relevant studies on the AP.

Results: A total of 12,729,118 patients were analyzed in relation to the prevalence of AP.

The anatomy of the atrioventricular nodal artery: A meta-analysis with implications for cardiothoracic surgery and ablation procedures.

The objective of the present meta-analysis was to evaluate recent and applicable data regarding the location and variation of the atrioventricular nodal artery (AVNA) in relation to adjacent structures. In order to minimize postoperative risks and maintain physiological anastomosis for proper cardiac function, understanding such possible variations of vascularization of the AV node is of immense importance prior to cardiothoracic surgery as well as ablations. In order to perform this meta-analysis, a systematic search was conducted in which all articles regarding, or at least mentioning, the anatomy of the AVNA was searched.

Higher milk consumption is not associated with fracture risk reduction: systematic review and meta-analysis.

Introduction: Osteoporosis affects over 200 million people worldwide causing nearly 9 million fractures annually, with more than half in America and Europe.

Objectives: This meta-analysis was conducted to investigate whether low milk intake is associated with an increased risk of fractures by summarizing all the available evidence.

Methods: Relevant studies were identified by searching the PubMed and EMBASE databases up to June 2020.

Variations of coronary sinus tributaries among patients undergoing cardiac resynchronisation therapy.

Background: In cardiac resynchronisation therapy (CRT), the coronary venous system is used for left ventricular pacing electrode placement. Despite the well- -known anatomy of the coronary sinus and its tributaries, heart failure patients' remodelled and enlarged left ventricles may impede the successful lead placement because of acquired anatomical obstacles.

Materials And Methods: Fifty-five patients qualified for CRT treatment were divided into ischaemic and non-ischaemic cardiomyopathy.

A 3D model of the renal vasculature - a joined result of the corrosion casting technique, micro-CT imaging and rapid prototyping technology.

Three-dimensional (3D) printed model of the renal vasculature shows a high level of accuracy of subsequent divisions of both the arterial and the venous tree. However, minor artifacts appeared in the form of oval endings to the terminal branches of the vascular tree, contrary to the anticipated sharply pointed segments. Unfortunately, selective laser sintering process does not currently permit to present the arterial, venous and urinary systems in distinct colors, hence topographic relationship between the vascular and the pelvicalyceal systems is difficult to attain.

Variations of the anterior communicating artery complex and occurrence of anterior communicating artery aneurysm: A2 segment consideration.

Introduction: The anterior communicating artery (ACoA) is the most frequent site of intracranial aneurysm location. Despite many studies the frequency of aneurysm occurrence with anatomical anomalies is still poorly described. Moreover the significance of the A2 segment of anterior cerebral artery anomalies has been neglected.

Destruction of the craniofacial skeleton in the child caused by an orbital tumor.

Purpose: The aims of this paper are to describe the morphological alterations within an infant craniofacial skeleton caused by an orbital tumor and present how the bone reacts in contact with a spreading tumor mass.

Methods: A study was performed on the dry skull of a child at the age of approximately 2 years. Morphological alterations of the craniofacial skeleton were analysed by visual inspection, and the intracranial cavity was examined with the aid of a digital camera.

Physicochemical and micro-tomographic characterization of inorganic deposits associated with aortic stenosis.

Background And The Aim Of The Study: A major feature of aortic stenosis is massive mineralization of the aortic valve, though the mechanism of the process remains unclear. The study aim was to characterize the chemical composition and morphology of inorganic deposits from surgically excised natural aortic valves and to seek similarities to minerals in bones and teeth.

Methods: Mineral deposits from 30 surgically excised natural aortic valves were examined.

Angioarchitecture of uterine cervical leiomyomata - a SEM study.

Aim: he main goal of this study was assessment of vascular structure of cervical uterine leiomyomata.

Materials And Methods: The study was carried out on ten human uteri collected upon autopsy. Vessels were injected with synthetic resin, next corroded and coated with gold, finally observed using scanning electron microscope.

Morphology of a 19th century adult male skull with non-treated hydrocephalus - a case report.

This report presents the craniofacial morphology of a skull afflicted with hydrocephalus, belonging to an adult male who lived in the 19th century in Vienna. The volume of the skull (2022 cm3) exceeds normal capacity of a male skull which is estimated to be 1500 cm3. Diameters of the neurocranium and head circumference of the specimen differ significantly from normative values, while the facial diameters remain in normal range of variation.

Nerve supply of pelvic viscera - anatomical notes, clinical implication on nerve stimulation.

Aim: The aim of this study was to present review on pelvic plexuses in males and females with some referrals to clinical practice, specially to the methods including nerve stimulation.

Conclusions: Anatomy of pelvic plexuses is still confusing. Much attention should be paid to further studies on the arrangement of pelvic plexuses specially because of nerve stimulation techniques.

Trans-foramen magnum examination of the sella turcica region in the macerated human skulls.

This report presents a method of quick and accurate imaging of the sellar region by means of the laryngological mirror equipped with a light pipe and followed by taking digital photograph as the mirror image visible through the foramen magnum. A technique of the intracranial imaging of the osseous structures was tested on the macerated human skulls. Images of the sellar region were presented as the example of quality of the employed technique, which can be regarded as a simplified version of the endoscopic examination.

Blood vessels of the intratumoral septa in uterine leiomyomata.

The angioarchitecture of fibroid intratumoral septa was studied using 32 uteri obtained during necropsies of the females aged between 35-57. The whole vascular bed of 16 uteri was injected with synthetic resin Mercox CL-2R and then the uteri were corroded in potassium hydroxide. Next 16 uteri were injected with acrylic emulsion, Liquitex R.

Median nerve thenar motor branch anatomical variations.

Background: The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of the different types of median nerve thenar motor branch and to compare them with literature data.

Material And Methods: This study was conducted using median nerves dissected from cadavers stored in a 10% solution of formaldehyde at the Department of Anatomy of Jagiellonian University Medical College (JUMC) and cadavers from the Department of Forensic Medicine JUMC. The research protocol was approved by the Jagiellonian University Ethics Committee (registry KBET/ /209/B/2002).

The use of computer-assisted image analysis in measuring the histological structure of the human median nerve.

Background And Aim: The aim of this study was to assess the histological structure of the median nerve and its motor branch (number and arrangement of nerve bundles) and the cross-sectional area (CSA) of the median nerve (on the level of the carpal tunnel).

Material And Methods: This study has been conducted using median nerves dissected from cadavers stored in a 10% solution of formaldehyde at the Department of Anatomy of the Jagiellonian University Medical College and cadavers from the Department of Forensic Medicine of the Jagiellonian University Medical College. After dissection the median nerves were stained with haematoxylin and eosin and histological slides were prepared.

Possible compression of the atlantal segment of the vertebral artery in occipitalisation.

The current study evaluates the passage of the atlantal segment of the vertebral artery through the atlas to the cranial cavity in the case of occipitalisation, and searches for potential bony obstacles that constrict the lumen of the vertebral artery. Morphometric analysis was performed of the ossified atlanto-occipital articulation of the dry adult male skull, particularly in the region of the posterior arch of the atlas. The distance between the floor of the right groove for the vertebral artery and the occipital bone was measured using a digital sliding caliper.

Reactivity of pulmonary circulation and right ventricle function to inhaled nitric oxide in systemic sclerosis patients.

Systemic sclerosis (SSc) is complicated by pulmonary hypertension and right ventricle (RV) failure in approximately 10% of the patients. Factors influencing the reactivity of pulmonary circulation to vasodilators are not established, while the examination of vasoreactivity is important in determining the treatment, because systemic administration of oral vasodilators can induce severe adverse events in nonresponders. The mechanism of RV failure in SSc is unclear and may result either from increased RV afterload or intrinsic myocardial disease.