Munchausen Syndrome Presented as Guillain-Barré Syndrome: A Case Report and Literature Review.

Munchausen syndrome (MS), a complex form of factitious disorder (FD), presents significant diagnostic and management challenges in emergency and hospital settings. Patients deliberately fabricate or induce symptoms to gain medical attention, often leading to unnecessary interventions, resource misallocation, and iatrogenic harm. This study highlights the diagnostic complexity and the need for multidisciplinary management of Munchausen syndrome through a detailed case report and literature review.

Long-Lasting Latent Neuroschistosomiasis in a Nonendemic Country: A Case Report.

Neuroschistosomiasis is an uncommon yet serious cause of myelopathy. infection triggers a granulomatous immune response by the human host, resulting in many clinical presentations, depending on the size of the granuloma and its location. The parasitic infection can remain silent for a long period, and this diagnosis should be considered if there is a history of previous exposure in endemic regions.

The glymphatic system in migraine and other headaches.

Glymphatic system is an emerging pathway of removing metabolic waste products and toxic solutes from the brain tissue. It is made of a network of perivascular spaces, filled in cerebrospinal and interstitial fluid, encompassing penetrating and pial vessels and communicating with the subarachnoid space. It is separated from vessels by the blood brain barrier and from brain tissue by the endfeet of the astrocytes rich in aquaporin 4, a membrane protein which controls the water flow along the perivascular space.

Diagnosis of atrial fibrillation in young patients with ischemic stroke: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

Introduction: The recommended cardiac rhythm evaluation to determine the etiology of ischemic stroke (IS) is similar in all patients regardless of their age and includes an electrocardiogram and at least a 24-hour heart rhythm monitoring. However, it is known that the main causes of IS vary according to patients' age. There is a higher preponderance of arterial dissections and patent foramen ovale in younger patients, while atrial fibrillation (AF) is more common in older patients.

Update on "Treatment of orthostatic headache without intracranial hypotension: A case report" - nine years later.

Background: In 2013, one of the authors described a 36-year-old female with orthostatic headache without documented intracranial hypotension or evidence of cerebrospinal fluid leak, despite extensive workup. Headache was unresponsive to conservative treatment since 2010, showed only transient benefit after repeated epidural blood patches while vitamin A supplementation resulted in progressive improvement.

Case: Since 2013, the patient followed a relapsing and remitting course yet relapse control became difficult after a drug induced liver injury required vitamin A discontinuation in 2017, when her headache became chronic.

Therapeutic inertia in relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis.

Background: Therapeutic inertia (TI) is defined as a failure to initiate or intensify treatments despite evidence of disease activity. Its prevalence and determining factors in Relapsing-Remitting Multiple Sclerosis (RRMS) patients in Portugal are not known. The main objective of this work was to ascertain the prevalence of TI in RRMS and its determining factors.