[Prevalence of maternal measles, rubella, mumps and varicella antibodies in the first six months of life].

The protection of infants against infections during the first few months of life is provided mainly by maternal antibodies. The presence of maternal antibodies can decrease vaccine efficacy. The waning time of maternal antibodies shows variations therefore seroepidemiological studies are important for the development of vaccination schedules.

Baby-led complementary feeding: Randomized controlled study.

Background: Baby-led weaning (BLW) is an approach to introducing solid foods to infants that gives control of the feeding process to the infant. Anecdotal evidence suggests that BLW is becoming popular with parents, but scientific research is limited to a few publications. This study assessed growth, hematological parameters and iron intake in 6-12-month-old infants fed by traditional or baby-led complementary feeding.

Oral sucrose administration to reduce pain response during immunization in 16-19-month infants: a randomized, placebo-controlled trial.

Unlabelled: Although the analgesic effect of sucrose on newborns is well established, little is known about whether these solutions are effective in reducing procedural pain in infants beyond the newborn period. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of sucrose solution given orally on infant crying times and measure the distress in a 16-19-month age group. A total of 537 healthy, 16-19-month-old infants attending for their immunizations with intramuscular diphtheria, tetanus, and acellular pertussis (DTaP)/Haemophilus influenza type b/IPV (along with oral polio vaccination (OPV)), intramuscular pneumococcus and intramuscular hepatitis A were randomized to receive 2 mL of a 75 % sucrose solution, a 25 % sucrose solution or sterile water 2 min before injections.

A case report of successful relactation.

Exclusive breastfeeding is recommended from birth until the first six months and then with complementary feeding up to age two. In our country, only 41.6% of infants are exclusively breastfed during the first six months, and the average duration of breastfeeding is 16 months.

Effect of cup feeding and bottle feeding on breastfeeding in late preterm infants: a randomized controlled study.

Background: Cup feeding has been used as an alternative feeding method for preterm infants.

Objective: The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of bottle and cup feeding on exclusive breastfeeding rates at hospital discharge and 3 and 6 months post-discharge in late preterm infants.

Methods: Included in the study were preterm infants of 32 to 35 weeks' gestation fed only by intermittent gastric tube at the time of recruitment; 522 infants were randomly assigned to 2 groups: the cup-fed group (n = 254) and bottle-fed group (n = 268).

Abusive head trauma: report of 3 cases.

Abusive head trauma (AHT) is perpetrated when an infant or young child is shaken violently by an abuser, resulting in injuries to various intracranial structures, historically called "shaken baby syndrome" (SBS). Three cases of AHT with different constellations of clinical symptoms are presented here. Case 1- Three-month-old female infant was admitted with recurrent seizures, drowsiness, and low grade fever.

Brief intervention to preteens and adolescents to create smoke-free homes and cotinine results: a randomized trial.

Background: Little research has focused on brief and practical strategies for addressing environmental tobacco smoke exposure through interventions focused explicitly on creating a smoke-free home.

Methods: We used a two-group (intervention and control groups) repeated-measures randomized controlled trial design. Families were randomized to the intervention (n = 176) or control (n = 176) condition after the baseline interview, with outcome assessments for reported and urine cotinine measures at 2 (post-intervention), 6 (follow-up) and 12 (follow-up) months.

Effects of Active and Passive Smoking on Ear Infections.

Otitis media (OM) is one of the most frequent diseases in young children, causing to visit a physician, and also the most common indication for antibiotic prescription. The peak incidence and prevalence of OM is 6 to 18 months of age. In children, second-hand smoke (SHS) exposure is associated with upper and lower respiratory tract infections, such as acute otitis media (AOM), pneumonia, and bronchitis.

The urinary cotinine levels of infants and the determinants.

The aim of this study was to determine the effect of the route of tobacco smoke exposure on urinary cotinine levels of infants. A cross-sectional analysis was done on 254 six-month-old infants. The infants were grouped according to the route of tobacco smoke exposure.

Rare laryngeal anomaly or spontaneously drained bilateral saccular cyst?

Laryngeal malformations are usually present at birth. Common anomalies include laryngomalacia, vocal fold paralysis, and subglottic stenosis; less common are congenital saccular cysts, laryngeal webs and atresias, and laryngeal lymphangiomas. Symptoms may range from stridor and hoarseness to respiratory distress.

Effect of passive smoking on growth and infection rates of breast-fed and non-breast-fed infants.

Background: The aim of the present study was to determine the effect of passive tobacco smoking on growth and infection rate of infants, and to evaluate whether breast-feeding might be protective against harmful effects of cigarette smoke.

Methods: A cross-sectional study on 254 6-7-month-old infants was carried out. A questionnaire was given to mothers; and infants' head circumference, bodyweight, height, and urinary cotinine levels were measured.

The effect of passive smoking and breast feeding on serum antioxidant vitamin (A, C, E) levels in infants.

Aim: Toxic substances in tobacco smoke are known to have negative effects on the antioxidant capacity of human body. In order to investigate the effect of passive smoking on serum antioxidant levels in infants, serum vitamin A, E, C levels and urinary cotinine/creatinine levels were measured in 254 infants at the age of 6 months.

Methods: The information about infants' nutrition and exposure to tobacco smoke was obtained from the mothers by the help of a questionnaire.

Hydraulic conductivity of compacted clay liners permeated with inorganic salt solutions.

Due to their low permeability, geosynthetic clay liners (GCLs) and compacted clay liners (CCLs) are the main materials used in waste disposal landfills. The hydraulic conductivity of GCLs and CCLs is closely related to the chemistry of the permeant fluid. In this study, the effect on the hydraulic conductivity of clays of five different inorganic salt solutions as permeant fluid was experimentally investigated.

Accidental cyanoacrylate glue ingestion.

Cyanoacrylates have a variety of medical and commercial applications as adhesives. They are commonly found as glue in the household. They can be swallowed accidentally by children.

The role of oxidants and antioxidants in otitis media with effusion in children.

Objective: Determine the possible role of oxidants and antioxidants in the pathogenesis of otitis media with effusion in children.

Study Design And Setting: Randomized controlled trial, tertiary referral center. The study group was made up of children with otitis media with effusion who were to undergo bilateral ventilation tube insertion and adenoidectomy.

Factors influencing sleeping pattern of infants.

Many families apply to pediatricians with complaints of sleep problems of their infants. It is very important to inform families about the sleep pattern of infants and factors influencing it, and to answer their questions about infantile sleep. A questionnaire was given to 165 families to elucidate the factors influencing continuous sleep pattern of the baby.

Factors influencing breastfeeding for working mothers.

In order to evaluate the relation between breastfeeding and working conditions a descriptive study was conducted on 301 working mothers. Seventy-seven percent of mothers breastfed their infants four months and longer, and the mean breastfeeding period was 6.2 +/- 3.