Clinical and Laboratory Findings of SARS-CoV-2 Infection in Children Younger than 6 Months Old: Neutropenia is More Common Not Lymphopenia.

Background: Studies on age-related differences in clinical and laboratory features of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection are limited. We aimed to evaluate the demographic, clinical, laboratory findings of SARS-CoV-2 infection in children younger than 6 months old and compare them with older children.

Methods: A single-center retrospective study, including 209 confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infection cases, was conducted between 11 March 2020 and 1 September 2021.

Prevalence of cervical extension of the thymus in children.

Background: The cervical extension of the thymus is the most common variation. However, this may be mistaken for a soft tissue mass in the neck particularly by the radiologists who are not familiar with the pediatric population and not aware of this variation, leading to unnecessary surgery and increased medical costs. Since the rates of cervicaly extended thymus in children in clinical practice are lacking in Turkey, this study aimed to evaluate the prevalence of cervical extension of the normal thymus in the pediatric population.

Anti-MOG Antibody Seropositive Neuromyelitis Optica: A Rare Pediatric Case.

Neuromyelitis Optica spectrum disorder (NMO-SD) is a rare demyelinating disease detected in pediatric patients affecting the primary optic nerve and spinal cord. Clinical findings might overlap with other demyelinating diseases and compare to particularly multiple sclerosis the treatment regimens significantly differ. Therefore, to establish an immediate and definite diagnosis of NMO-SD is crucial.

Brain susceptibility changes in neurologically asymptomatic pediatric patients with Wilson's disease: evaluation with quantitative susceptibility mapping.

Background Wilson's disease (WD) is a copper metabolism disorder that causes hepatolenticular degeneration. It is important to diagnose WD before central nervous system involvement. Purpose To demonstrate the early susceptibility changes associated with the copper accumulation in the brain of neurologically asymptomatic pediatric patients with WD using quantitative susceptibility mapping (QSM).

Evaluation of symmetrical increased echogenicity of bilateral caudothalamic grooves detected on cranial ultrasonography by comparing with susceptibility-weighted imaging.

Objective: To assess symmetrical increased echogenicity of bilateral caudothalamic grooves (SIEBCG) detected on newborn cranial ultrasonography (CUS) using magnetic resonance susceptibility-weighted imaging (SWI).

Materials And Methods: A total of 14 newborns (8 girls; 12 premature with mean gestational age of 30 weeks and 5 days, 2 mature) who were detected to have SIEBCG on routine serial CUS and underwent cranial magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) were recruited for the study. The cranial MRI examinations including SWI acquired on the same day of SIEBCG detection and serial CUS to assess the progress of SIEBCG lesions in the following 6 month period were retrospectively evaluated and compared for the presence of germinal matrix hemorrhage.

Imaging Evaluation Of Pediatric Orbital Pathologies.

The orbital pathologies commonly detected during the childhood period substantially differ from the lesions that arise in adult orbit. The advance in imaging modalities including computed tomography (CT) and particularly magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) might enable the radiologists and clinicians who would be involved in either medical or surgical care of orbital pathologies, to confidently establish a definite diagnosis prior to histopathologic examination. The purpose of this pictorial assay is to present relatively common paediatric orbital pathologies with regard to CT and MRI findings.

Apparent diffusion coefficient in differentiation of pediatric posterior fossa tumors.

Purpose: To investigate the contribution of preoperative apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) values in the differential diagnosis of pediatric posterior fossa tumors.

Methods: Forty-two pediatric patients (mean age 7.76 ± 4.

Magnetic Susceptibility Changes in the Basal Ganglia and Brain Stem of Patients with Wilson's Disease: Evaluation with Quantitative Susceptibility Mapping.

Objectives: Wilson's disease (WD) is characterized with the accumulation of copper in the liver and brain. The objective of this study is to quantitatively measure the susceptibility changes of basal ganglia and brain stem of pediatric patients with neurological WD using quantitative susceptibility mapping (QSM) in comparison to healthy controls.

Methods: Eleven patients with neurological WD (mean age 15 ± 3.

Magnetic resonance enterography in pediatric celiac disease.

Objective: To assess if magnetic resonance enterography is capable of showing evidence/extent of disease in pediatric patients with biopsy-proven celiac disease by comparing with a control group, and to correlate the magnetic resonance enterography findings with anti-endomysial antibody level, which is an indicator of gluten-free dietary compliance.

Methods: Thirty-one pediatric patients (mean age 11.7±3.

Pancreatic tumors in children and young adults with tuberous sclerosis complex.

Background: Pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors are not included in the diagnostic criteria for tuberous sclerosis complex, although an association has been described.

Objective: To investigate the association of pancreatic neuroendocrine tumor in children and young adults with tuberous sclerosis complex and define MRI characteristics of the tumor.

Materials And Methods: We retrospectively evaluated the abdominal MRI scans of 55 children and young adults with tuberous sclerosis complex for the presence of a pancreatic mass.

Value of Apparent Diffusion Coefficient Values in Differentiating Malignant and Benign Breast Lesions.

Background: Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) has become a diagnostic and problem solving method for the breast examinations in addition to conventional breast examination methods. Diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) adds valuable information to conventional MRI.

Aims: Our aim was to show the impact of apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) values acquired with DWI to differentiate benign and malignant breast lesions.

Acute lobar nephronia: value of unique magnetic resonance imaging findings in diagnosis and management.

Acute lobar nephronia (ALN) as a focal form of acute renal bacterial infection is a fairly rare entity. Although the treatment approaches differ considerably, ALN is clinically indistinguishable from renal abscess. Therefore, urinary imaging studies play a crucial role in accurate diagnosis and follow-up.

Silent cerebral emboli following percutaneous closure of atrial septal defect in pediatric patients: a diffusion-weighted MRI study.

Purpose: The aim of this prospective study was to investigate the incidence of silent cerebrovascular embolic events associated with percutaneous closure of atrial septal defect (ASD) in pediatric patients.

Methods: A total of 23 consecutive pediatric patients (mean age, 10.4±3.

Inflammatory Myofibroblastic Tumor of the Kidney and Bilateral Lung Nodules in a Child Mimicking Wilms Tumor With Lung Metastases.

Renal inflammatory myofibroblastic tumor (IMT) is an extremely rare lesion especially in children. This report describes a case of renal IMT accompanied by multiple lung nodules mimicking Wilms tumor with lung metastasis in a 3-year-old boy. To our knowledge, this is a unique case of IMT which has not been reported in the literature previously.

MR imaging findings in children with pseudotumor cerebri and comparison with healthy controls.

Objective: The aim of this study was to discuss the MR imaging findings of pseudotumor cerebri in children by comparing with healthy controls.

Materials And Methods: Forty-two pseudotumor cerebri patients from hospital records between 2003 and 2011 were retrospectively reviewed. Between 2007 and 2011 25 patients (16 boys, 9 girls) whose brain MR images were on PACS workstation were included.

Susceptibility-Based Differentiation of Intracranial Calcification and Hemorrhage in Pediatric Patients.

Differential diagnosis of intracranial hemorrhage versus calcification on conventional magnetic resonance images (MRIs) is often challenging. Although computed tomography (CT) confirms calcification, phase information obtained during susceptibility-weighted imaging can be useful in distinguishing between 2 pathologies. Fourteen patients previously diagnosed to have hemorrhage or calcification with imaging were included in the study retrospectively.

Idiopathic brain herniation. A report of two paediatric cases.

SUMMARY - 'Idiopathic' herniation of the brain is a rare entity previously reported in 13 cases. It may be incidentally encountered in neuroimaging studies acquired for various clinical indications. We herein describe two cases of idiopathic brain herniation that were incidentally diagnosed.

Brain abscesses in children: results of 24 children from a reference center in Central Anatolia, Turkey.

Childhood brain abscesses are a rare and potentially life-threatening condition requiring urgent diagnosis and treatment. This retrospective study analyzed the clinical and radiologic findings of 24 (7 girl, 17 boys) cases with brain abscess. Mean age was 92.