ECHOCARDIOGRAPHIC PARAMETERS IN EIGHT ADULT TIGERS ( PANTHERA TIGRIS) DURING TWO PHASES OF AN ANESTHETIC PROTOCOL.

Eight adult tigers ( Panthera tigris) underwent a complete echocardiographic examination following sedation with medetomidine, midazolam, and induction of general anesthesia using ketamine and isoflurane (phase 1). Atipamezole was used to antagonize medetomidine (phase 2) and a second echocardiographic examination was performed. Physiologic tricuspid and pulmonic regurgitations were common findings in the sample population and one tiger was excluded from final analyses due to the finding of a ventricular septal defect.

Endocardial fibroelastosis in two related tiger cubs (Panthera tigris).

Two tiger cubs (Panthera tigris) from the same litter were evaluated for suspected cardiac disease. Two cubs with a dilated cardiomyopathy phenotype were diagnosed with endocardial fibroelastosis based on necropsy and histopathologic examinations. Echocardiography revealed salient anatomic and functional aspects of this cardiac disorder.

Pericardial Mesothelioma in a Yellow-naped Amazon Parrot (Amazona auropalliata).

A 37-year-old female yellow-naped Amazon parrot (Amazona auropalliata) was presented with a history of lethargy, inappetence, and decreased vocalizations. On examination, the coelom was moderately distended and palpated fluctuant, and the heart was muffled on auscultation. Coelomic ultrasound, coelomocentesis, and radiographs were performed and revealed an enlarged cardiac silhouette and marked coelomic effusion.

Selected clinical, biochemical, and electrolyte alterations in anesthetized captive tigers (Panthera tigris) and lions (Panthera leo).

A prospective study to assess changes in selected plasma biochemistry and electrolyte values, plasma insulin and aldosterone concentrations, and electrocardiography (ECG) was performed on eight female captive tigers (Panthera tigris) and three lions (Panthera leo) undergoing general anesthesia for elective laparoscopic ovariectomy. Each animal was sedated with medetomidine (18-25 microg/kg) and midazolam (0.06-0.

Comparison of presumptive echocardiographic and definitive diagnoses of cardiac tumors in dogs.

Background: Echocardiography is used for identification of cardiac tumors and presumptive diagnoses often are made based on the location of identified masses.

Objectives: To determine the accuracy of echocardiographically based presumptive diagnoses of cardiac tumors when compared with clinicopathologic or histopathologic definitive diagnoses.

Animals: A total of 24 client-owned dogs having a cardiac mass on echocardiogram that was subsequently definitively diagnosed by cytology or histopathology.

Induction and recovery characteristics and cardiopulmonary effects of sevoflurane and isoflurane in bald eagles.

Objective: To compare induction and recovery characteristics and cardiopulmonary effects of isoflurane and sevoflurane in bald eagles. Animals-17 healthy adult bald eagles.

Procedures: Anesthesia was induced with isoflurane or sevoflurane delivered in oxygen via a facemask in a crossover design with 4 weeks between treatments.

Cardiovascular involvement in 8 dogs with blastomyces dermatitidis infection.

Background: Blastomycosis is a common systemic fungal infection in dogs.

Hypothesis: Dogs with cardiovascular involvement may have abnormalities in electrical conduction and valvular function, and may have a worse prognosis.

Animals: Eight client-owned animals.

Nutritional and herbal therapies in the treatment of heart disease in cats and dogs.

Nutritional supplements such as L-carnitine and taurine have been found to be beneficial in dogs and cats with certain cardiac diseases. However, not all animals with cardiac disease respond to nutritional supplementation, which means that further work must be done to identify causes of cardiac disease. Herbal therapies have been used in dogs and cats based on information available from their use in humans.

[Pilot study of echocardiographic studies using color- and pulsed-wave spectral Doppler methods in blue-crowned amazons (Amazona ventralis) and blue-fronted amazons (Amazona a. aestiva)].

Colour-flow and pulsed-wave spectral Doppler echocardiography was performed on 6 healthy, adult Hispaniolan amazon parrots (Amazona ventralis) and 6 blue-fronted amazon parrots (Amazona a. aestiva) to establish normal reference values. Birds were anesthetized with isoflurane in oxygen and placed in dorsal recumbency.

Diagnosis of congenital cardiac right-to-left shunts with 99mTc-macroaggregated albumin.

Diagnosing right-to-left congenital cardiac shunts can be difficult. Cardiac catheterization and angiocardiography represent the traditional gold standard for diagnosis, but they are invasive. Nuclear scintigraphy using 99mTc-macroaggregated albumin (MAA) has been employed in humans as an alternate method of diagnosis.

Giant platelet disorder in the Cavalier King Charles Spaniel.

Objective: The aim of this study was to describe the clinical, functional, and morphologic characteristics of platelets in Cavalier King Charles Spaniel dogs (Cavaliers).

Materials And Methods: Blood from 69 clinically normal Cavaliers was collected and anticoagulated with ethylenediamine-tetraacetic acid (EDTA) and citrate. Automated and manual platelet counts were obtained.

Peritoneal effusion in cats: 65 cases (1981-1997).

Objective: To determine signalment, diagnoses, presence of effusions in multiple sites, and outcome in cats with peritoneal effusion.

Design: Retrospective case series.

Animals: 65 cats.

Short-term hemodynamic evaluation of circumferential mitral annuloplasty for correction of mitral valve regurgitation in dogs.

Objective: To determine the short-term hemodynamic effects associated with circumferential mitral annuloplasty (CMA) in dogs with mitral regurgitation.

Study Design: Prospective experimental study. Animals-Seven healthy adult mongrel dogs.

Magnetic resonance imaging appearance of intracranial hemorrhage secondary to cerebral vascular malformation in a dog.

A 14-year-old dog developed an acute onset of depression, disorientation, left hemiparesis,left hemianopia, left facial hypoesthesia, and a tendency to turn to the right. Based on these findings, a lesion affecting the right forebrain was suspected. Magnetic resonance imaging showed a mass within the right cerebral hemisphere resulting in compression of the right lateral ventricle and shifting the longitudinal fissure to the left.

Changes in renal function in cats following treatment of hyperthyroidism using 131I.

Changes in renal function of twenty-two cats treated for hyperthyroidism using radioiodine were evaluated. Serum thyroxine (T4), serum creatinine, blood urea nitrogen (BUN) and urine specific gravity were measured before treatment and 6 and 30 days after treatment. Twenty-two cats had pretreatment and 21 cats had 6 day posttreatment measurement of glomerular filtration rate (GFR) using nuclear medicine imaging techniques.

Effusive-constrictive pericardial disease secondary to osseous metaplasia of the pericardium in a dog.

Osseous metaplasia of the pericardium causing effusive-constrictive pericardial disease has not, to our knowledge, been reported in dogs. Clinical signs of right-sided congestive heart failure prompted examination of the dog of this report. Documented causes of constrictive pericardial disease in dogs include trauma and actinomycotic, mycobacterial, and fungal infections.

Long-term and high-dose trials of enzyme replacement therapy in the canine model of mucopolysaccharidosis I.

Enzyme replacement is a potential therapy for mucopolysaccharidosis I (MPS I), a lysosomal storage disorder caused by alpha-L-iduronidase deficiency. Previous work showed improvement in the tissues of MPS I dogs treated intravenously for 3 months with recombinant human alpha-L-iduronidase (25,000 units or approximately 0.1 mg/kg/week).

Altered platelet indices in dogs with hypothyroidism and cats with hyperthyroidism.

Changes in platelet indices (platelet count and platelet size) and PCV associated with thyroid disease were studied in 7 dogs with hypothyroidism and 21 cats with hyperthyroidism that were admitted to the veterinary teaching hospital. Compared with control (euthyroid) dogs, dogs with hypothyroidism had higher platelet count (P = 0.003), smaller platelet size (P = 0.

Evaluation of the calcium channel-blocking agents diltiazem and verapamil for treatment of feline hypertrophic cardiomyopathy.

To determine the efficacy of and clinical response to several pharmacologic agents for treatment of idiopathic hypertrophic cardiomyopathy in cats, 17 symptomatic cats were randomized to treatment with either propranolol, diltiazem, or verapamil. Clinical, laboratory, radiographic, electrocardiographic, and echocardiographic data were obtained before treatment and after 3 and 6 months of chronic oral therapy. Too few of the cats receiving propranolol or verapamil survived long enough to obtain long-term data needed to make statistical comparisons between groups.

Cardiovascular changes after bone marrow transplantation in dogs with mucopolysaccharidosis I.

Five dogs with mucopolysaccharidosis I, 3 of which had been treated with bone marrow transplantation (BMT), were evaluated for 20 months with electrocardiography, thoracic radiography, and M-mode and 2-dimensional echocardiography. Treated and untreated (control) dogs had widened P waves on ECG. Thoracic radiographs remained normal for all dogs throughout the study.