Validity and Reliability of 2 Cirrus Optical Coherence Tomography Procedures for Measuring Objective Ocular Torsion.

Purpose: Torsional eye position by the disc-fovea angle (DFA) is a relevant objective parameter in vertical strabismus. DFA measurement with optical coherence tomography (OCT) has proven to be a good alternative to the gold standard measurement in fundus photography. Our study aims to analyze the validity and reliability of 2 undescribed Cirrus high-definition OCT (HD-OCT; Carl Zeiss Meditec) methods that offer clinical advantages for measuring objective cycloposition in normal patients compared with Spectralis spectral-domain OCT (Heidelberg Engineering) and the reference method.

Lifestyle Factors in Myopic Spanish Children.

Background: Childhood myopia represents a global concern with increasing prevalence in recent decades. Lifestyle factors significantly impact myopia.

Aim: To evaluate lifestyle factors in myopic children from a metropolitan area in Europe.

Lower tear meniscus height measured by optical coherence tomography in children.

Introduction: While optical coherence tomography (OCT) measurements of the lower tear meniscus height (LTMH) have been reported in adults, here we obtained LTMH measurements through Fourier Domain OCT in healthy children and compared these with values obtained in healthy adults.

Methods: Participants were children 7-17 years of age and a control group of adults 20-40 years of age. Inclusion criteria were no abnormal eye conditions or the use of contact lenses.

Abducens and Trochlear Nerve Palsies After COVID-19 Vaccination: Report of Two Cases.

The authors report two cases of an abducens palsy and a trochlear nerve palsy, respectively, in two patients who received a coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) vaccine 2 weeks previously. Given the lack of other symptoms, normal test results, and spontaneous resolution of the diplopia, a likely association with the COVID-19 vaccine was suggested. .

Efficacy and safety of adjustable suture in horizontal strabismus: Comparative study of children versus adults.

Objective: Adjustable suture procedures allow addressing the unpredictability of some postoperative results in strabismus surgery. The purpose of the study was to compare the effectiveness of adjustable and non-adjustable suture in the treatment of horizontal strabismus in children and adults.

Methods: Prospective study including patients undergoing strabismus surgery to correct horizontal strabismus with fixed hanging suture (non-adjustable suture group) and adjustable suture.

A comparative multicentric long-term study of un-augmented modified Nishida procedure vs augmentation in unilateral sixth nerve palsy.

Purpose: To compare the effectiveness of three procedures: modified Nishida procedure alone vs modified Nishida procedure combined with medial rectus recession (MRc) vs modified Nishida procedure combined with MRc and botulinum toxin (BT) for severe unilateral sixth nerve palsy.

Design: Consecutive, interventional case series.

Methods: The medical records of a consecutive series of patients with severe unilateral sixth nerve palsy who underwent modified Nishida procedure in multiple centres were reviewed.

Bilaterally recurrent benign abducens nerve palsy in a child.

Benign abducens nerve palsy with recurrent episodes in children is rare. In most cases, there are two episodes, the same eye is affected, and recovery is spontaneous. We present a patient with multiple episodes in both eyes, including bilateral simultaneous involvement, who was treated with botulinum toxin.

Corneal Endothelial Cell Loss After PRESERFLO™ MicroShunt Implantation in the Anterior Chamber: Anterior Segment OCT Tube Location as a Risk Factor.

Introduction: To analyze the effects of PRESERFLO on corneal endothelial cell density (ECD).

Methods: Forty-six eyes that underwent PRESERFLO implantation were followed up for 12 months. Specular microscopy was performed preoperatively and at 1, 3, 6, and 12 months postoperatively to measure central ECD and mean monthly reduction (MMR).

Myopia progression and axial elongation in Spanish children: Efficacy of atropine 0.01% eye-drops.

Purpose: To assess myopia progression in Spanish children and whether treatment with low-dose atropine eye drops delays myopia progression and axial elongation.

Methods: 339 eyes of 339 Caucasian patients with myopia, aged 5 to 11 years, were examined. Participants were randomized to a treatment arm, receiving one atropine (0.

Minimal detectable change of the disc-fovea angle for ocular torsion assessment.

Purpose: The disc-fovea angle (DFA) is used as a relevant indicator of ocular torsion change in cyclovertical strabismus. However, interpretation of the variation in time must differentiate whether a real change has occurred or if the disparity is due to random measurement error. The aim of the study was to obtain the minimal detectable change (MDC) of the DFA.

Effects of Corneal Biomechanical Properties on Rebound Tonometry (Icare200) and Applanation Tonometry (Perkins) Readings in Patients With Primary Congenital Glaucoma.

Objective: The aim was to assess the influence of corneal biomechanics on intraocular pressure (IOP) measurements made with the Icare200 (IC200) rebound tonometer and the Perkins handheld applanation tonometer in patients with primary congenital glaucoma (PCG).

Materials And Methods: A total of 40 PCG patients and 40 healthy controls, age, and sex-matched, were recruited. IOP was measured with the Ocular Response Analyzer (IOPc, IOPg), IC200 and Perkins.

Changes to Corneal Topography and Biometrics After PRESERFLO Microshunt Surgery for Glaucoma.

Precis: Glaucoma surgery with PRESERFLO Microshunt shows mild and transient changes in the corneal astigmatism, corneal elevation and biometrics in the early postoperative period. Posterior corneal elevation (PCE) tends to be higher in primary open angle glaucoma (POAG).

Purpose: The aim was to determine the changes in the corneal keratometry, astigmatism and elevation, refraction, axial length (AL) and anterior chamber depth and volume after the implantation of the PRESERFLO Microshunt in patients with POAG in the early postoperative period.

Impact of ocular dominance on circumpapillary and macular retinal nerve fibre layer thickness and ganglion cell layer thickness in a healthy pediatric population.

Objective: This study was designed to evaluate potential differences in circumpapillary retinal nerve fibre layer (cpRNFL) thickness and segmented macular retinal layers between dominant and nondominant eyes on spectral-domain optical coherence tomography in a pediatric population.

Design: Cross-sectional study.

Participants: 89 healthy children attending a general pediatric clinic.

Anterior-segment optical coherence tomography of filtering blebs in the early postoperative period of ab externo SIBS microshunt implantation with mitomycin C: Morphological analysis and correlation with intraocular pressure reduction.

Purpose: To analyse the morphological evolution of filtering blebs with anterior-segment OCT (AS-OCT) and its correlation with intraocular pressure after ab externo SIBS microshunt implantation with mitomycin C (MMC) during a 3-month follow-up period.

Methods: Twenty-eight filtering blebs of 28 patients with open-angle glaucoma were measured horizontally and vertically in the sub-Tenon space with AS-OCT after ab externo SIBS microshunt implantation with MMC. The intraocular pressure (IOP) was monitored simultaneously at each visit.

Inferior oblique recession associated to partial temporal inferior rectus recession in unilateral congenital superior oblique palsy.

Purpose: To evaluate the effectiveness of inferior oblique recession with contralateral partial temporal inferior rectus recession in patients with decompensated congenital unilateral superior oblique palsy (SOP) in correcting moderate vertical deviations in primary position.

Methods: The medical records of patients with SOP who underwent inferior oblique recession with contralateral partial temporal inferior rectus recession were reviewed retrospectively. Vertical deviation in primary position, subjective torsion, diplopia, residual deviation, and the deviation decrease were evaluated.

Validity and Reliability of Semiautomatic Ocular Cycloposition Measurement With Spectralis Optical Coherence Tomography.

Purpose: Disc-fovea angle determined by fundus photography (P-DFA) is considered the gold standard for cycloposition assessment. Fovea-to-disc alignment (FoDi) software of the spectral-domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT) (Spectralis) also measures the DFA (O-DFA) based on subject fixation and offers important clinical advantages. This study aimed to analyze the validity and reliability of measuring cycloposition using OCT and to determine its performance in eyes with poor foveal definition.

Blue Cone Monochromatism: A Case Report with Opsoclonus and Light Exposure.

Blue cone monochromatism (BCM) is a rare X-linked congenital vision disorder that is characterized by a cone dysfunction. We present a case of a 3-year-old boy referred to our department with abnormal eye movements since birth, impaired vision, and difficulties in distinguishing colors. A tendency to stare at the sun was noted.

Reproducibility of macular retinal nerve fiber layer and ganglion cell layer thickness measurements in a healthy pediatric population.

Purpose: To evaluate the reproducibility of Spectralis spectral domain-OCT segmented ganglion cell layer (GCL) and macular retinal nerve fiber layer (mRNFL) measurements in a healthy children population.

Methods: An observational, cross-sectional study was carried out on 79 children to measure the intraobserver reproducibility and the repeatability between a novel and an experienced operator of the segmented macular GCL and mRNFL. Interobserver and intraobserver reproducibility were defined by the intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) and coefficients of variation (COV).

Satisfaction with strabismus surgery based on the opinion of expert surgeons.

Purpose: To assess the perception of strabismus surgeons in Spain regarding patient satisfaction after surgery, by analysing the types of strabismus with the most satisfied patients, as well as the causes of dissatisfaction.

Methods: A survey was carried out among the members of the Spanish Strabology Society who were over 50 years of age, active in Spain, with more than 20 years of surgical experience, and whose main surgical activity was strabismus. The questionnaire consisted of 18 questions about the perception of patient satisfaction according to the type of strabismus, patient age, as well as the most frequent cause of dissatisfaction after surgery.

Oculomotor nerve palsy in herpes zoster ophthalmicus: Presentation of 4 cases.

Varicella zoster virus (VZV) infection has a high prevalence worldwide. Within the multiple ophthalmologic manifestations that VZV can cause, sudden diplopia is among them. A review is presented of four clinical cases of 3rd and 4th oculomotor nerve palsies in herpes zoster ophthalmicus.

Neuro-ophthalmological manifestations as complication of an infection with Mycoplasma pneumoniae and subsequent development of disseminated acute encephalitis.

The purpose of this article is to describe two paediatric neuro-ophthalmological clinical cases caused by a systemic infection due to Mycoplasma pneumoniae (M. pneumoniae). The cases are two girls aged 14 and 12 seen in the Emergency Department: The first one had internuclear ophthalmoplegia and second with loss of vision and headache.

Correlation Between Optical Coherence Tomography and Magnetic Resonance Imaging of Rectus Muscle Thickness Measurements in Graves' Ophthalmopathy.

Purpose: To assess the correlation between optical coherence tomography (OCT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) measurements of extraocular rectus muscle thickness in patients with Graves' ophthalmopathy.

Methods: This was a cross-sectional observational study conducted in 62 eyes of 31 patients with Graves' ophthalmopathy. The disease phase was inactive in 20 patients and active in the remaining 11.

Practice patterns to decrease myopia progression differ among paediatric ophthalmologists around the world.

Introduction: Myopia is a worldwide epidemic. Plethora of treatments are offered to decrease myopia progression. In this study, we compared between different geographical areas worldwide the practice patterns used by paediatric ophthalmologists to decrease the progression of myopia.