Ortner's syndrome: a case report and review of the literature.

We present a case of a 67-year-old man who was an active smoker, with a clinical history of ischaemic cardiopathy, hypertension, who presented to the emergency room with hoarseness of voice of 2 weeks duration. No other neurological or cardiorespiratory symptoms were found. Physical examination revealed an aortic regurgitation murmur with radial pulse difference between the upper limbs and femoral pulse difference on lower limbs.

Prospective study of the complications associated with percutaneous renal biopsy of native kidneys: experience in a centre.

Background: Percutaneous renal biopsy (PRB) is a key invasive technique in the study of kidney disease and it is associated with considerable morbidity. Retrospective studies have shown minor complications in 10%-20% and major complications in 1.2%-6.

[Descriptive study of malaria cases in a general hospital in Madrid between 1996 and 2011].

Introduction: Malaria causes around 863,000 deaths per year, mostly of them in children under 5 years old.

Material And Methods: We have reviewed the epidemiological data of malaria cases in a pediatric department in a Hospital in the Community of Madrid, in the period 1996-2011.

Results: In the period reviewed, 103 cases of malaria were diagnosed in children under 14 years old.

C4d as a diagnostic tool in membranous nephropathy.

Introduction: membranous nephropathy (MN) is the most common cause of nephrotic syndrome in adults. The diagnosis is based on typical findings observed using electron microscope (EM) and immunofluorescence (IF) studies. On some occasions, tissues are only available for analysis using an optical microscope (OM); in these cases, it can be difficult to differentiate between MN and minimal change disease (MCD).

[Chronic health problems in schools].

The presence of children with chronic diseases to school can be a concern for teachers, pupils and parents. Was conducted this study using auto reply survey in the Autonomous Community of Madrid (CAM). The questionnaire was sent to 1161 teachers.

[Special needs of schoolchildren with diabetes mellitus. Point of view of parents and teachers].

Background: The daily care of a diabetic (IDDM) child is essential for the short and long term evolution of the disease, and must include the hours the child spends in school. The presence of Trained personnel are needed who will be able to intervene in time if a serious complication, such as hypoglycemia, occurs. Their presence can help to ensure correct control of the disease and avoid long term complications.

[Tuberculosis outbreak in a school].

Objective: To demonstrate the importance of preventive measures when a case of tuberculosis is detected, identify the causes that favored a tuberculosis outbreak in a school and determine the efficiency of obtaining induced sputum samples.

Design: Descriptive, study.

Setting: The Santa Maria de la Providencia school, located in the municipality of Alcala de Henares in Spain.

[Adverse reaction of pseudoephedrine].

We present a case of a 7 years old girl who developed an episode of myoclonic movements and tremors after being medicated with a not well quantified amount of a pseudoephedrine/antihistamine combination. We want to highlight the potential toxicity of pseudoephedrine, usually administered as part of cold-syrup preparations which are used for symptomatic treatment of upper respiratory tract cough and congestion associated with the common cold and allergic rhinitis. Although these products are generally considered to be safe either by physicians and parents, we can't underestimate the potential adverse events and toxic effects that can occur when administering these medications.

[Variables influencing duration of hospitalization for urinary tract infection].

Background: The need for hospitalization and its duration in children with urinary tract infections (UTI) are controversial.

Objective: To analyze the effect of certain clinical factors from the medical records of children hospitalized with UTI to determine which factors have the greatest influence on length of hospital stay.

Material And Methods: A retrospective study of the medical records of 93 patients admitted to our department with a diagnosis of UTI between May 1998 and June 2000 was carried out.

[Reactive arthritis shortly after Streptococcus b-hemolyticus type A and Salmonella type B infection].

We report the case of a girl aged 2 years and 8 months with monoarticular arthritis of the knee. Onset and outcome were slow. The child had suffered uncomplicated pharyngitis and a diarrheal process 1 and 2 weeks respectively prior to developing the disease.

Alpha-1 antichymotrypsin levels are actively increased in normal colostrum.

Background: It is well known that human colostrum has important antiinflammatory functions. The purpose of the current study was to determine antiprotease levels in colostrum and serum and to assess the importance of local synthesis and the electrophoretic differences in both locations.

Methods: Five protease inhibitors were determined by radical immunodiffusion in colostrum and serum samples taken simultaneously from 50 healthy women, 36 to 72 hours after delivery.

[Serum eosinophil cationic protein in children with allergic and nonallergic inflammation].

Serum eosinophil cationic protein (ECP) levels increase in inflammation processes with activation of eosinophils. We studied serum ECP in (I) 32 pollinic children without symptoms, in June and October and (II) 10 children with acute asthma crisis. As control groups we included (III) 25 children sent to the hospital with suspected allergic diseases in which an IgE mediated process could be ruled out; (IV) 34 coeliac patients; (V) 15 children with cystic fibrosis and (VI) 48 normal children.

Selective and partial IgA deficiency in an adolescent male with bronchiectasis.

Selective IgA deficiency is the most common primary immunodeficiency. Two types of selective IgA deficiency may be distinguished: the complete form, with IgA level less than 5 mg/dl, and the partial IgA deficiency, with level greater than 5 mg/dl but less than 2 standard deviations below the age-adjusted mean level; 50% of the cases belong to the partial type and half of them may be considered as transient clinical form. Patterns of this condition, are very unsteady: while some patients remain without any symptoms, others present recurrent respiratory and gastrointestinal tract infections.

[Carbon monoxide poisoning. A home accident to remember].

Basis: The aim of this paper is to clinically describe a type of intoxication, mainly domestic, which still prevails today and which could even be increasing.

Materials And Methods: We present ten "toxic accidents" which involved seventeen patients, all under fifteen years of age. The diagnosis was confirmed upon obtaining a level of more than 5% carboxyhemoglobin (CO-Hb) in the blood.

Transient stirred-tank reactors operating with immobilized enzyme systems: analysis and simulation models and their experimental checking.

A mathematical model applicable to the analysis, design, and simulation of heterogeneous enzymatic processes reacting in a stirred-tank reactor has been formulated. The model develops the unsteady-state design equations for such reactors and also the diffusion reaction equation in the spherical catalyst particles for reversible Michaelis-Menten kinetics. This structured general model provides an overview of almost all of the processes occurring in an immobilized enzyme reactor system.

[Correlation between IGA from colostrum and serum and IGA is closer than between salivary IGA and total IGA].

Colostrum, serum and saliva were simultaneously obtained from 50 normal mothers. 19-45 years old, 36-72 hours post-delivery. Total IgA level and class-IgA antibodies against 3 common food antigens (lactoglobulin, gliadin and ovalbumin) and 4 types of salmonella (typhi, paratyphi A, B and C) were determined in all samples.