Potential of Lesion-to-Fat Elasticity Ratio Measured by Shear Wave Elastography to Reduce Benign Biopsies in BI-RADS 4 Breast Lesions.

Objectives: We evaluated whether lesion-to-fat ratio measured by shear wave elastography in patients with Breast Imaging Reporting and Data System (BI-RADS) 3 or 4 lesions has the potential to further refine the assessment of B-mode ultrasound alone in breast cancer diagnostics.

Methods: This was a secondary analysis of an international diagnostic multicenter trial (NCT02638935). Data from 1288 women with breast lesions categorized as BI-RADS 3 and 4a-c by conventional B-mode ultrasound were analyzed, whereby the focus was placed on differentiating lesions categorized as BI-RADS 3 and BI-RADS 4a.

Directed Evolution of an Iron(II)- and α-Ketoglutarate-Dependent Dioxygenase for Site-Selective Azidation of Unactivated Aliphatic C-H Bonds.

Fe - and α-ketoglutarate-dependent halogenases and oxygenases can catalyze site-selective functionalization of C-H bonds via a variety of C-X bond forming reactions, but achieving high chemoselectivity for functionalization using non-native functional groups remains rare. The current study shows that directed evolution can be used to engineer variants of the dioxygenase SadX that address this challenge. Site-selective azidation of succinylated amino acids and a succinylated amine was achieved as a result of mutations throughout the SadX structure.

Immunological correlates of protection following vaccination with glucan particles containing Cryptococcus neoformans chitin deacetylases.

Vaccination with glucan particles (GP) containing the Cryptococcus neoformans chitin deacetylases Cda1 and Cda2 protect mice against experimental cryptococcosis. Here, immunological correlates of vaccine-mediated protection were explored. Studies comparing knockout and wild-type mice demonstrated CD4 T cells are crucial, while B cells and CD8 T cells are dispensable.

Time-frequency neural dynamics of ADHD children and adolescents during a Working Memory task.

The present report analyzed the time-frequency changes in Event-Related Spectral perturbations (ERSP) in a sample of ADHD children and adolescents compared to a normodevelopment (ND) sample. A delayed match-to-sample (DMTS) test of working memory (WM) was presented to a group of ADHD subjects (N = 29) and compared with ND group (N = 34) with ages between 6 and 17 years old. Time-frequency decomposition was computed through wavelets.

Nonlinear optical response of graphene oxide quantum dots fabricated from electrospun polyacrylonitrile fibers.

The nonlinear optical response of graphene oxide quantum dots (GOQDs) fabricated by the carbonization and exfoliation of electrospun polyacrylonitrile (PAN) fibers is reported. Electrospun and carbonized fibers were characterized by SEM and XPS. SEM micrograph confirmed the formation of PAN fibers of 153.

Open abdominal vacuum pack technique for the management of severe abdominal complications after cytoreductive surgery in ovarian cancer.

Introduction: The aim of this study was to evaluate the indications and management of grade III-IV postoperative complications in patients requiring vacuum-assisted open abdomen after debulking surgery for ovarian carcinomatosis.

Methods: Retrospective study of prospectively collected data from patients who underwent a cytoreductive surgery by laparotomy for an epithelial ovarian cancer that required postoperative management of an open abdomen. An abdominal vacuum-assisted wound closure (VAWC) was applied in cases of abdominal compartmental syndrome (ACS) or intra-abdominal hypertension, to prevent ACS.

Oncological monitoring after transanal total mesorectal excision (TaTME) for rectal neoplasia.

Background: The surgical treatment of choice for rectal neoplasia is total mesorectal excision (TME). The transanal approach enables a better approach in male and obese patients and/or those with a narrow pelvis and in patients with small tumors. Short-term results are comparable with those for laparoscopy or the open approach, but the medium- and long-term oncological data are sparse.

ODs with a positive TPR conclusion, not subject to a conditional approval, and approved without requering a pass would be more likely to be reimbursed in Spain.

Background: The present study aims to assess clinical and regulatory variables that would influence pricing and reimbursement (P&R) decisions for Orphan Drugs (ODs) in Spain. ODs approved by the European Commission (EC) between 2006 and 2021 were classified according to their P&R status in Spain: approved, undergoing decision and rejected. A statistical analysis was carried out to assess the potential association between clinical and regulatory variables and P&R decision of ODs in Spain: therapeutic area, rarity of disease, existence of alternative therapies, availability of survival-related outcomes, safety profile, type of population, conditional approval status granted by the European Medicines Agency (EMA) and a positive Therapeutic Positioning Report (TPR) opinion.

[Survival and decannulation at 90 days after percutaneous dilation tracheostomy in the COVID-19 intensive care unit].

Introduction: Tracheostomy (TCT) is the most frequently performed surgical procedure among COVID-19 patients. In Argentina, survival and decannulation rates are unknown. The main objectives of this study were to evaluate mortality and decannulation rates after 90 days of the percutaneous TCT performance.

Water footprint of small-scale dairy farms in the central coast of Peru.

Worldwide, dairy sector consumes 19% of the water in the livestock sector. However, in Latin America, the amount of water used in this sector is unknown, especially in arid zones. On the other hand, water footprint (WF) is a methodology to estimate the use of water to produce a product.

Direct Gene Expression Profile Prediction for Uveal Melanoma from Digital Cytopathology Images via Deep Learning and Salient Image Region Identification.

Objective: To demonstrate that deep learning (DL) methods can produce robust prediction of gene expression profile (GEP) in uveal melanoma (UM) based on digital cytopathology images.

Design: Evaluation of a diagnostic test or technology.

Subjects Participants And Controls: Deidentified smeared cytology slides stained with hematoxylin and eosin obtained from a fine needle aspirated from UM.

Related factors to non-adherence to antiretroviral therapy in HIV/AIDS patients.

Objective: To identify sociodemographic, clinical, and pharmacological factors  associated with nonadherence to antiretroviral treatment in patients with  human immunodeficiency virus/acquired immunodeficiency syndrome treated  between 2017 and 2020 in four cities in Colombia.

Method: An observational, cross-sectional, retrospective study was conducted of a population of patients with human immunodeficiency virus/acquired immunodeficiency syndrome treated between 2017 and 2020. The Morisky-Green scale, the simplified medication adherence  questionnaire, and the simplified scale to detect adherence problems to  antiretroviral treatment were applied to determine patient adherence.

Early Hyperchloremia and Outcomes After Severe Traumatic Brain Injury: Analysis of Resuscitation Outcomes Consortium Hypertonic Saline Trial.

Unlabelled: To investigate the effect of the occurrence of early hyperchloremia on death or severe disability at 180 days in patients with severe traumatic brain injury (TBI).

Design: Post hoc analysis of Resuscitation Outcomes Consortium Hypertonic Saline (ROC HS)-TBI trial.

Setting: A total of 114 North American emergency medical services agencies in the ROC.

Multibiomarker approach in fish to assess a heavily polluted Brazilian estuary, Guanabara Bay.

Brazil's Guanabara Bay (GB), located in Rio De Janeiro, is a deeply contaminated, eutrophic waterbody that challenges the understanding of the effects of pollutants on the biota. This paper presents a strategy to evaluate the impact of contamination utilizing a multibiomarker approach in two fish species: corvine (Micropogonias furnieri) and burrfish (Chilomycterus spinosus). The strategy is comprised of a general biomarker of fish' physical condition, the condition factor (CF), and specific biomarkers of pollutant exposure such as acetylcholinesterase (AChE), metallothionein (MT) activity and biliary polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH) metabolites.

Outcomes with IV tenecteplase and IV alteplase for acute ischemic stroke with or without thrombectomy in real-world settings in the United States.

Background And Purpose: Although many stroke centers in United States are using intravenous (IV) tenecteplase (TNK) for acute ischemic stroke patients, there is paucity of comparative data between IV TNK and IV alteplase from real-world settings.

Materials And Methods: We analyzed the data from 122 healthcare facilities in Cerner Real World Data and included patients admitted between February 2016 to April 2022 to determine the effect of IV TNK (compared with IV alteplase) on occurrence of two outcomes in acute ischemic stroke patients stratified by use of thrombectomy: non-routine discharge or death, and intracranial hemorrhage after adjusting for potential confounders.

Results: Among 30,643 acute ischemic stroke patients analyzed, 29,480 (96.

COGNITION: a prospective precision oncology trial for patients with early breast cancer at high risk following neoadjuvant chemotherapy.

Background: COGNITION (Comprehensive assessment of clinical features, genomics and further molecular markers to identify patients with early breast cancer for enrolment on marker driven trials) is a diagnostic registry trial that employs genomic and transcriptomic profiling to identify biomarkers in patients with early breast cancer with a high risk for relapse after standard neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NACT) to guide genomics-driven targeted post-neoadjuvant therapy.

Patients And Methods: At National Center for Tumor Diseases Heidelberg patients were biopsied before starting NACT, and for patients with residual tumors after NACT additional biopsy material was collected. Whole-genome/exome and transcriptome sequencing were applied on tumor and corresponding blood samples.

MatrisomeDB 2.0: 2023 updates to the ECM-protein knowledge database.

The extracellular matrix (ECM) is a complex assembly of proteins that constitutes the scaffold organizing cells, tissues, and organs. Over the past decade, mass-spectrometry-based proteomics has become the method of choice to profile the composition of the ECM, or the matrisome, of tissues. To assist non-specialists with the reuse of ECM proteomic datasets, we released MatrisomeDB (https://matrisomedb.

Effect of cabergoline on tumor remnant after surgery in nonfunctioning pituitary adenoma.

Background: In recent years, dopamine agonists (DAs) have become an attractive therapeutic option to prevent both tumor growth and post-surgical tumor remnant growth in clinically non-functioning pituitary adenoma (NFPA).

Aim: To analyze our experience on the effect of cabergoline (CAB) on tumor remnant after initial surgery in NFPA patients.

Patients And Methods: A retrospective and multicenter study of NFPA patients with tumor remnant after surgery treated with CAB was performed.

Massive and massless plasmons in germanene nanosheets.

Atomically thin crystals may exhibit peculiar dispersive electronic states equivalent to free charged particles of ultralight to ultraheavy masses. A rare coexistence of linear and parabolic dispersions yields correlated charge density modes exploitable for nanometric light confinement. Here, we use a time-dependent density-functional approach, under several levels of increasing accuracy, from the random-phase approximation to the Bethe-Salpeter equation formalism, to assess the role of different synthesized germanene samples as platforms for these plasmon excitations.