Multi-strain probiotic formula modulates expression of β-defensin-2, β-defensin-3, and TLR-4 in male rats with apical periodontitis.

Objective: Evaluate whether a multi-strain probiotic formula affects blood parameters (hematologic, calcium, and phosphorus levels) and alters the expression of β-defensin-2, β-defensin-3, and toll-like receptor 4 in male rats with induced apical periodontitis (AP).

Design: Wistar rats were divided into two groups (n = 8 each): (1) rats with AP on a regular diet (Control) and (2) rats with AP on a regular diet supplemented with the multi-strain probiotic GNC Probiotic Complex (GCP) at one billion CFU. AP was induced by exposing the dental pulp of the first molars to the oral environment.

Visualization of Type IV-A1 CRISPR-mediated repression of gene expression and plasmid replication.

Type IV CRISPR-Cas (clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats and CRISPR-associated proteins) effector complexes are often encoded on plasmids and are proposed to prevent the replication of competing plasmids. The Type IV-A1 CRISPR-Cas system of Pseudomonas oleovorans additionally harbors a CRISPR RNA (crRNA) that tightly regulates the transcript levels of a chromosomal target and represents a natural CRISPR interference (CRISPRi) tool. This study investigates CRISPRi effects of this system using synthetic crRNAs against genome and plasmid sequences.

Influence of melatonin supplementation on tissue response of endodontic sealers in Wistar rats.

Objective: This study evaluated the influence of melatonin supplementation on tissue's response of endodontic sealers in Wistar rats.

Methodology: Forty-eight rats received subcutaneous implants of four polyethylene tubes: one empty (control) and three filled with endodontic sealers (AH Plus, Endofill and Sealapex). Half of the animals were supplemented with melatonin (ME) and the remaining treated with water (WA) for 15 days before the implantation until euthanasia, forming the groups: control-WA, AH Plus-WA, Endofill-WA, Sealapex-WA, Control-ME, AH Plus-ME, Endofill-ME and Sealapex-ME.

Cytotoxicity, Biocompatibility, and Calcium Deposition Capacity of 45S5 Bioglass Experimental Paste and Bio-C Temp: In Vitro and In Vivo Study Using Wistar Rats.

The evolution of biomaterials engineering allowed for the development of products that improve outcomes in the medical-dental field. Bioglasses have demonstrated the ability to either compose or replace different materials in dentistry. This study evaluated the cytotoxicity, biocompatibility, calcium deposition, and collagen maturation of 45S5 bioglass experimental paste and Bio-C Temp, compared to calcium hydroxide (Ca(OH)) paste.

Type IV-A3 CRISPR-Cas systems drive inter-plasmid conflicts by acquiring spacers in trans.

Plasmid-encoded type IV-A CRISPR-Cas systems lack an acquisition module, feature a DinG helicase instead of a nuclease, and form ribonucleoprotein complexes of unknown biological functions. Type IV-A3 systems are carried by conjugative plasmids that often harbor antibiotic-resistance genes and their CRISPR array contents suggest a role in mediating inter-plasmid conflicts, but this function remains unexplored. Here, we demonstrate that a plasmid-encoded type IV-A3 system co-opts the type I-E adaptation machinery from its host, Klebsiella pneumoniae (K.

Identification of NAD-RNA species and ADPR-RNA decapping in Archaea.

NAD is a coenzyme central to metabolism that also serves as a 5'-terminal cap for bacterial and eukaryotic transcripts. Thermal degradation of NAD can generate nicotinamide and ADP-ribose (ADPR). Here, we use LC-MS/MS and NAD captureSeq to detect and identify NAD-RNAs in the thermophilic model archaeon Sulfolobus acidocaldarius and in the halophilic mesophile Haloferax volcanii.

Transcriptome profiling of Nudix hydrolase gene deletions in the thermoacidophilic archaeon .

Nudix hydrolases comprise a large and ubiquitous protein superfamily that catalyzes the hydrolysis of a nucleoside diphosphate linked to another moiety X (Nudix). possesses four Nudix domain-containing proteins (SACI_RS00730/Saci_0153, SACI_RS02625/Saci_0550, SACI_RS00060/Saci_0013/Saci_NudT5, and SACI_RS00575/Saci_0121). Deletion strains were generated for the four individual Nudix genes and for both Nudix genes annotated to encode ADP-ribose pyrophosphatases () and did not reveal a distinct phenotype compared to the wild-type strain under standard growth conditions, nutrient stress or heat stress conditions.

Postoperative pain after root canal filling with bioceramic sealers: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized clinical trials.

The aim of this systematic review and meta-analysis (SRM) was to assess postoperative pain (PP) after endodontic treatment with bioceramic root canal sealer compared to AH Plus® sealer. This SRM was carried out in accordance with the items on the PRISMA 2020 checklist and Cochrane guidelines and registered in PROSPERO (CRD42021259283). Only randomized clinical trials (RCTs) were included.

A Genome-Scale Atlas Reveals Complex Interplay of Transcription and Translation in an Archaeon.

The scale of post-transcriptional regulation and the implications of its interplay with other forms of regulation in environmental acclimation are underexplored for organisms of the domain . Here, we have investigated the scale of post-transcriptional regulation in the extremely halophilic archaeon Halobacterium salinarum NRC-1 by integrating the transcriptome-wide locations of transcript processing sites (TPSs) and SmAP1 binding, the genome-wide locations of antisense RNAs (asRNAs), and the consequences of RNase_2099C knockout on the differential expression of all genes. This integrated analysis has discovered that 54% of all protein-coding genes in the genome of this haloarchaeon are likely targeted by multiple mechanisms for putative post-transcriptional processing and regulation, with about 20% of genes likely being regulated by combinatorial schemes involving SmAP1, asRNAs, and RNase_2099C.

Characterization of the self-targeting Type IV CRISPR interference system in Pseudomonas oleovorans.

Bacterial Type IV CRISPR-Cas systems are thought to rely on multi-subunit ribonucleoprotein complexes to interfere with mobile genetic elements, but the substrate requirements and potential DNA nuclease activities for many systems within this type are uncharacterized. Here we show that the native Pseudomonas oleovorans Type IV-A CRISPR-Cas system targets DNA in a PAM-dependent manner and elicits interference without showing DNA nuclease activity. We found that the first crRNA of P.

Influence of supplement administration of omega-3 on the subcutaneous tissue response of endodontic sealers in Wistar rats.

Aim: Natural substances such as omega-3 have been used in the medical field due to their numerous properties and, in particular, modulating effect on the systemic and local inflammatory processes. Thus, this study evaluated the influence of omega-3 supplementation on the subcutaneous tissue response of endodontic sealers in Wistar Rats.

Methodology: Polyethylene tubes were implanted in the subcutaneous tissue of 48 animals (one empty for control and three filled with Sealapex, AH Plus or Endofill).

Interleukin-6, tumor necrosis factor-α, and CD5 immunolabeling of new experimental endodontic sealer and repair material.

The aim of this study was to evaluate the biocompatibility and immunoinflammatory response of the Sealepox and Sealepox-RP, based on interleukin (IL)-6, tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, and CD5 immunolabelling. The ProRoot MTA (PRMTA) was used for comparison. Polyethylene tubes (1.

Postoperative pain in root canal treatment with ultrasonic versus conventional irrigation: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.

Objective: The objective of this systematic review and meta-analysis (SRM) was to answer the question whether the use of ultrasonic irrigation (UI) results in less postoperative pain (PP) compared to conventional irrigation (CI).

Methods: A literature search was performed within the main scientific databases carried out until May 2021. The eligibility criteria were randomized clinical trials (RCTs).

Biological and antimicrobial properties of the association Ambroxol and a water-soluble viscous liquid as a vehicle for a tricalcium silicate-based sealer.

This study aimed to investigate the antimicrobial and biological properties of Ambroxol associated with glycerin (GLI), propylene glycol (PG), and polyethylene glycol (PEG) as a possible vehicle for an experimental tricalcium silicate sealer, with the intention of developing a new biomaterial. Mouse undifferentiated dental pulp cells (OD-21) were cultured, and the effects of different association on cell proliferation and inflammatory cytokine production were investigated. Antimicrobial adhesion of Enterococcus faecalis to setting sealers at 2 h was evaluated.

Influence of photodynamic therapy and intracanal medication on Martens hardness, elastic modulus and bond strength of glass-fiber posts to endodontically treated root dentin.

Background: The purpose of this in vitro study was to evaluate the influence of photodynamic therapy (PDT) with methylene blue photosensitizer (PS) and calcium hydroxide intracanal medication on Martens hardness (MH), elastic modulus (Eit) and adhesive bond strength of glass-fiber posts in different thirds of intraradicular dentin.

Methods: Ninety-six bovine teeth were distributed into the following 6 experimental groups: a negative control irrigated with deionized water; a positive control irrigated with deionized water and filled with calcium hydroxide intracanal medication (Ca[OH]); Ca[OH] + methylene blue 50 mg/L without activation; Ca[OH] + methylene blue 100 mg/L without activation; Ca[OH] + methylene blue 50 mg/L activated by red laser; and Ca[OH] + methylene blue 100 mg/L activated by red laser (n = 16). MH and Eit were measured using an ultramicrodurometer under load action of 3 mN (n = 8).

Tracing the toxic ions of an endodontic tricalcium silicate-based sealer in local tissues and body organs.

Background: This study aimed to track the toxic ions released by MTA Fillapex, BioRoot RCS, and an experimental tricalcium silicate-based sealer (CEO) into local and distant tissues as well as to investigate their potential adverse effects. In addition, the chemical constituents of the sealers were also evaluated. The main components of the dry powders, pastes, and mixed sealers were characterized.

Effect of red wine or its polyphenols on induced apical periodontitis in rats.

Aim: To evaluate the effect of red wine consumption or its polyphenols on the inflammation/resorption processes associated with apical periodontitis in rats.

Methodology: Thirty-two three-month-old Wistar rats had apical periodontitis induced in four first molars and were then arranged into four groups: control (C)-rats with apical periodontitis; wine (W)-rats with apical periodontitis receiving 4.28 ml/kg of red wine; resveratrol+quercetin (R+Q)-rats with apical periodontitis receiving 4.

Biological assessment of a new ready-to-use hydraulic sealer.

Objectives: This study compared the cytotoxicity, biocompatibility, and tenascin immunolabeling of a new ready-to-use hydraulic sealer (Bio-C Sealer) with MTA-Fillapex and white MTA-Angelus.

Materials And Methods: L929 fibroblasts were cultivated and exposed to undiluted and diluted material extracts. Polyethylene tubes with or without (the control) the materials were implanted into the dorsa of rats.

Excessive caffeine intake increases bone resorption associated with periapical periodontitis in rats.

Aim: To evaluate the effect of excessive caffeine intake on the inflammation/resorption processes associated with periapical periodontitis (PP) in rats.

Methodology: Sixteen Wistar rats were used. Periapical periodontitis was induced in the four first molars in each animal.

Conservation of Archaeal C/D Box sRNA-Guided RNA Modifications.

Post-transcriptional modifications fulfill many important roles during ribosomal RNA maturation in all three domains of life. Ribose 2'--methylations constitute the most abundant chemical rRNA modification and are, for example, involved in RNA folding and stabilization. In archaea, these modification sites are determined by variable sets of C/D box sRNAs that guide the activity of the rRNA 2'--methyltransferase fibrillarin.

Dietary supplementation with multi-strain formula of probiotics modulates inflammatory and immunological markers in apical periodontitis.

Objective: The aim of this study was to evaluate whether probiotics multi-strain formula affects the development of apical periodontitis (AP) induced in rats.

Methodology: 16 Wistar rats were divided in two groups (n=8): rats with AP fed with regular diet (Control-C (CG)); rats with AP, fed with regular diet and supplemented with multi-strain formula (one billion colony-forming units (CFU)): GNC Probiotic Complex (PCG) ( Lactobacillus acidophilus, Lactobacillus salivaris, Lactobacillus plantarum, Lactobacillus rhamnosus, Bifidobacterium bifidum, Bifidobacterium animalis subs. lactis and Streptococcus thermofilus ).