Breast Cancer Screening in High-risk Women During Pregnancy and Lactation.

Women who are at high risk of developing breast cancer warrant screening that is often initiated at younger ages than in average-risk women; this is usually with a combination of annual mammography and breast MRI. Compared to average-risk women, those at high risk are more frequently recommended to undergo screening during childbearing age and thus potentially during pregnancy and lactation. Understanding the appropriate use of screening breast imaging during pregnancy and lactation can be challenging due to limited data defining the evidence-based roles of the different imaging modalities, including mammography, US, and MRI.

High Peritumoral and Intratumoral T2 Signal Intensity in HER2-Positive Breast Cancers on Preneoadjuvant Breast MRI: Assessment of Associations With Histopathologic Characteristics.

Intratumoral necrosis and peritumoral edema are features of aggressive breast cancer that may present as high T2 signal intensity (T2 SI). Implications of high T2 SI in HER2-positive cancers are unclear. The purpose of this study was to assess associations with histopathologic characteristics of high peritumoral T2 SI and intratumoral T2 SI of HER2-positive breast cancer on MRI performed before initiation of neoadjuvant therapy.

Immunization of children with inflammatory bowel disease against SARS-CoV-19 infection: A prospective single centre cohort study.

Background: Real-world data of children with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) after SARS-CoV-2 vaccination are needed.

Method: This prospective, observational study evaluate antibody kinetics of children with IBD 6 months after immunization with COVID-19 mRNA vaccine.

Results: 24 children with IBD were included, 22 received immunosuppressive treatment.

Oncology hospitalist impact on hospice utilization.

Background: Unplanned hospitalizations among patients with advanced cancer are often sentinel events prompting goals of care discussions and hospice transitions. Late referrals to hospice, especially those at the end of life, are associated with decreased quality of life and higher total health care costs. Inpatient management of patients with solid tumor malignancies is increasingly shifting from oncologists to oncology hospitalists.

Discriminative Factors of Malignancy of Ipsilateral Nonmass Enhancement in Women With Newly Diagnosed Breast Cancer on Initial Staging Breast MRI.

Background: Nonmass enhancement (NME) on breast MRI impacts surgical planning.

Purpose: To evaluate positive predictive values (PPVs) and identify malignancy discriminators of NME ipsilateral to breast cancer on initial staging MRI.

Study Type: Retrospective.

Hungarian Linguistic, Cross-Cultural and Age Adaptation of Transition Specific Questionnaires in Patients with Inflammatory Bowel Disease.

In the TRANS-IBD clinical trial, the outcomes are measured with selected validated questionnaires. Cross-cultural and age adaptations of the Self-Efficacy Scale for adolescents and young adults (IBD-SES), the Transition Readiness Assessment Questionnaire (TRAQ), and the Self-Management and Transition Readiness Questionnaire (STARx) were performed. Linguistic and cultural adaptation was carried out with the usage of reliability coefficients (Cronbach's α coefficients, Spearman's rank correlation), and with confirmatory factor analysis (CFA; root Mean Square Error of Approximation [RMSEA], Comparative Fit Index [CFI], and Tucker-Lewis Index [TLI]).

Outcomes on an inpatient oncology service after the introduction of hospitalist comanagement.

Background: Smilow Cancer Hospital (SCH) introduced hospitalist comanagement to the inpatient oncology service to address long lengths of stay and oncologist burnout.

Objective: To determine the impact of hospitalists on inpatient quality outcomes and oncologist experience.

Interventions: Hospitalists were introduced to one of two inpatient oncology services at SCH.

Breast Malignancies After Mastectomy With Autologous or Implant Reconstruction.

There are multiple indications for mastectomy for breast cancer, including extent of tumor, inability to achieve negative margins after re-excision, patient preference, or prevention in women with a high lifetime risk of breast cancer. Multiple types of autologous or implant reconstruction options are available for cosmesis. Although rare, breast cancers after mastectomy can occur, and it is important for both surgeons and radiologists to be aware of the associated risk factors, common locations, and classic imaging features of these malignancies.

Mammographic positioning in women with pectus excavatum: An anatomic challenge.

Purpose: To assess mammographic image quality in women with pectus excavatum (PEx) compared to women without PEx.

Materials & Methods: Fifty-six women with PEx between the ages 36-80 (median, 57 years) with screening mammograms from 2006 to 2020 were identified in an IRB-approved HIPAA-compliant retrospective review. Two fellowship-trained breast radiologists independently evaluated mammographic quality of 109 individual breasts in the 56 women using Enhancing Quality Using the Inspection Program (EQUIP) positioning criteria and visual breast density assessments.

Central vein sign: A diagnostic biomarker in multiple sclerosis (CAVS-MS) study protocol for a prospective multicenter trial.

The specificity and implementation of current MRI-based diagnostic criteria for multiple sclerosis (MS) are imperfect. Approximately 1 in 5 of individuals diagnosed with MS are eventually determined not to have the disease, with overreliance on MRI findings a major cause of MS misdiagnosis. The central vein sign (CVS), a proposed MRI biomarker for MS lesions, has been extensively studied in numerous cross sectional studies and may increase diagnostic specificity for MS.

Lobular neoplasia detected at MRI-guided biopsy: imaging findings and outcomes.

Objective: To review MRI findings of pure lobular neoplasia (LN) on MRI guided biopsy, evaluate surgical and clinical outcomes, and assess imaging findings predictive of upgrade to malignancy.

Methods: HIPAA compliant, IRB-approved retrospective review of our MRI-guided breast biopsy database from October 2008-January 2015. Biopsies yielding atypical lobular hyperplasia or lobular carcinoma in situ were included in the analysis; all biopsy slides were reviewed by a dedicated breast pathologist.

Lesion conspicuity on synthetic screening mammography compared to full field digital screening mammography.

Objective: To compare lesion conspicuity on synthetic screening mammography (SM) plus digital breast tomosynthesis (DBT) versus full field digital mammography (FFDM) plus DBT.

Materials And Methods: Seven breast imagers each prospectively evaluated 107-228 screening mammograms (FFDM, DBT, and SM; total 1206 examinations) over 12 weeks in sets of 10-50 consecutive examinations. Interpretation sessions alternated as follows: SM + DBT, then FFDM, or FFDM + DBT, then SM.

Examination of Y-Chromosomal Microdeletions and Partial Microdeletions in Idiopathic Infertility in East Hungarian Patients.

Purpose: The aim of this study was to establish the Y chromosome microdeletion and partial AZFc microdeletion/duplication frequency firstly in East Hungarian population and to gain information about the molecular mechanism of the heterogeneous phenotype identified in males bearing partial AZFc deletions and duplications.

Materials And Methods: Exactly determined sequences of azoospermia factor (AZF) region were amplified. Lack of amplification was detected for deletion.

Comprehensive genetic testing in children with a clinical diagnosis of ARPKD identifies phenocopies.

Background: Autosomal recessive polycystic kidney disease (ARPKD) is genetically one of the least heterogeneous ciliopathies, resulting primarily from mutations of PKHD1. Nevertheless, 13-20% of patients diagnosed with ARPKD are found not to carry PKHD1 mutations by sequencing. Here, we assess whether PKHD1 copy number variations or second locus mutations explain these cases.

Interfering effect of maternal cell contamination on invasive prenatal molecular genetic testing.

Objective: Fetal samples obtained by invasive techniques are prone to maternal cell contamination (MCC), which may lead to false genotyping results. Our aim was to determine 3 molecular genetic tests' sensitivity to MCC.

Method: By mixing experiments, 1%, 5%, 10%, 20%, 30%, and 40% MCC was simulated, and significant MCC levels were determined for Sanger DNA sequencing, multiplex ligation-dependent probe amplification (MLPA), and pyrosequencing, a next-generation sequencing method.

A hierarchy of affinities between cytokine receptors and the common gamma chain leads to pathway cross-talk.

Cytokines belonging to the common gamma chain (γ) family depend on the shared γ receptor subunit for signaling. We report the existence of a fast, cytokine-induced pathway cross-talk acting at the receptor level, resulting from a limiting amount of γ on the surface of T cells. We found that this limited abundance of γ reduced interleukin-4 (IL-4) and IL-21 responses after IL-7 preexposure but not vice versa.

Optimizing Success and Avoiding Mishaps in the Most Difficult Image-guided Breast Biopsies.

Breast cancer is an increasing challenge in developed and limited resource areas of the world. Early detection of breast cancer offers the best chance for optimal care and best outcomes. A critical step in early detection is to obtain efficient and accurate tissue diagnoses.

Congenital Hyperinsulinism Caused by a Mutation in the ABCC8 Gene - A Case Report.

Congenital hyperinsulinism (CHI) is a rare genetic disorder characterized by inappropriate insulin secretion and severe hypoglycaemia. There are two histological subtypes: diffuse and focal form. Diffuse form is most common in autosomal recessive mutations in ABCC8/KCNJ11 gene, while focal CHI is caused a paternally inherited mutation and a somatic maternal allele loss.

Computer-aided heterogeneity analysis in breast MR imaging assessment of ductal carcinoma in situ: Correlating histologic grade and receptor status.

Purpose: To identify breast MR imaging biomarkers to predict histologic grade and receptor status of ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS).

Materials And Methods: Informed consent was waived in this Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act-compliant Institutional Review Board-approved study. Case inclusion was conducted from 7332 consecutive breast MR studies from January 1, 2009, to December 31, 2012.

Feasibility of Intraoperative Breast MRI and the Role of Prone Versus Supine Positioning in Surgical Planning for Breast-Conserving Surgery.

We assessed the feasibility of supine intraoperative MRI (iMRI) during breast-conserving surgery (BCS), enrolling 15 patients in our phase I trial between 2012 and 2014. Patients received diagnostic prone MRI, BCS, pre-excisional supine iMRI, and postexcisional supine iMRI. Feasibility was assessed based on safety, sterility, duration, and image-quality.

Intraoperative Supine Breast MR Imaging to Quantify Tumor Deformation and Detection of Residual Breast Cancer: Preliminary Results.

Purpose To use intraoperative supine magnetic resonance (MR) imaging to quantify breast tumor deformation and displacement secondary to the change in patient positioning from imaging (prone) to surgery (supine) and to evaluate residual tumor immediately after breast-conserving surgery (BCS). Materials and Methods Fifteen women gave informed written consent to participate in this prospective HIPAA-compliant, institutional review board-approved study between April 2012 and November 2014. Twelve patients underwent lumpectomy and postsurgical intraoperative supine MR imaging.