The role of self-diffusiophoresis and reactive force during the propulsion of manganese-based catalytic micromotors.

The movement of catalytic micromotors is often accompanied by gas generation. Currently, the prevailing view is that bubbles play a significant role in their movement. Analyzing the movements of catalytic manganese-based micromotors in a solution of hydrogen peroxide, we found that the reactive force cannot play a significant role in their movement, and the main mechanism occurs due to self-diffusiophoresis.

Motion of magnetic motors across liquid-liquid interface.

Hypothesis: In a number of applications related to chemical engineering and drug delivery, magnetic nanoparticles should move through a liquid-liquid interface in the presence of surfactant molecules. However, due to the action of capillary forces, this is not always possible. The mechanism of particle motion through the interface essentially depends on the intensity of the Marangoni flow, which is induced on the interface during its deformation.

Pattern formation and collective effects during the process of the motion of magnetic nanomotors in narrow channels.

Magnetic motors can transform the energy of an external magnetic field into the kinetic energy of their motion. When moving collectively in a microchannel, the motors interact not only with each other but also with the channel walls, which leads to a wide variety of motion modes. In our work, the collective motion of magnetic FeO nanomotors in different fluids in a microchannel in a non-uniform magnetic field is studied.

Motion of a chemically reactive bimetal motor in a magnetic field.

The wide research interest in nano-, micro-, and macromotors is due to the diverse range of applied problems in engineering, biomedicine, and ecology. At the same time, the amount of known mechanisms responsible for the locomotion of motors is limited. Here, we demonstrate a novel method of motor locomotion, which can be contingently called "chemical magnetism".

Gas generation due to photocatalysis as a method to reduce the resistance force in the process of motors motion at the air-liquid interface.

Hypothesis: The problem of the development of miniature motors able to move on the air-liquid interface at low Reynolds numbers is a crucial challenge due to dominating role of viscous force. To solve this problem the chemical generation of gas can be used. Generated gas pushes liquid out from the surfer surface, so the resistance force is reduced.

Superfast Active Droplets as Micromotors for Locomotion of Passive Droplets and Intensification of Mixing.

Micromotors are fascinating objects that are able to move autonomously and perform various complex tasks related to drug delivery, chemical processes, and environmental remediation. Among the types of micromotors, droplet-based micromotors are characterized by a wide range of functional properties related to the capability of encapsulation and deformation and the possibility of using them as microreactors. Relevant problems of micromotor utilization in the chemical processes include intensification of mixing and locomotion of passive objects.

Self-Organization of Active Droplets into Vortex-like Structures.

Natural or artificial active objects can demonstrate mirror asymmetry of collective motion when they are moving coherently in a vortex. The majority of known cases related to the emergence of collective dynamical chirality are referred to as active objects with individual structure chirality and/or dynamical chirality. Here, we demonstrate that dynamically and structurally achiral active droplets can self-organize into vortex-like structures.

Kinetics of cluster formation in active suspension: Coarsening regime.

The active suspension has an amazing property to undergo a phase transition into dense and dilute gas phases, even in the absence of the interparticle forces of attraction. In this work, the phase transition in active suspension is considered within a minimal model, in which self-propelled particles are moving with a constant speed, while their direction of propagation is governed by mutual collisions. The final stage of cluster formation in active suspension is studied when the larger clusters grow by consuming the smaller ones.

Thermal runaway of large automotive Li-ion batteries.

Damaged or heavily over-heated Li-ion batteries in electric vehicles can transit into a thermal runaway reaction with further heat and gas release. The heat may cause a battery fire and fast gas release may damage the battery-pack casing. To characterise heat and gas release of large automotive Li-ion cells, a heavy duty test bench was developed and a test series was performed.

Multidrug-resistant tuberculosis patients' views of interventions to reduce treatment loss to follow-up.

Setting: Patients who initiated treatment for multidrug-resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB) at 15 Programmatic Management of Drug-resistant Tuberculosis (PMDT) health facilities in the Philippines between July and December 2012.

Objectives: To describe patients' views of current interventions, and suggest changes likely to reduce MDR-TB loss to follow-up.

Methods: In-depth interviews were conducted between April and July 2014 with MDR-TB patients who were undergoing treatment, had finished treatment at the time of the interview (controls), or had been lost to follow-up (LTFU).

Multidrug-resistant tuberculosis patients lost to follow-up: self-reported readiness to restart treatment.

Setting: Multidrug-resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB) patients lost to follow-up (LTFU) from Programmatic Management of Drug-resistant Tuberculosis facilities in the Philippines.

Objectives: To gain insight into patients' readiness to return to treatment.

Methods: MDR-TB patients who initiated treatment and were categorized as LTFU were identified using TB registers, contacted, and asked to consent to an interview and medical record review.

Factors Associated with Loss to Follow-up during Treatment for Multidrug-Resistant Tuberculosis, the Philippines, 2012-2014.

To identify factors associated with loss to follow-up during treatment for multidrug-resistant (MDR) tuberculosis (TB) in the Philippines, we conducted a case-control study of adult patients who began receiving treatment for rifampin-resistant TB during July 1-December 31, 2012. Among 91 case-patients (those lost to follow-up) and 182 control-patients (those who adhered to treatment), independent factors associated with loss to follow-up included patients' higher self-rating of the severity of vomiting as an adverse drug reaction and alcohol abuse. Protective factors included receiving any type of assistance from the TB program, better TB knowledge, and higher levels of trust in and support from physicians and nurses.

[Peculiarities of sanitary and epidemiological (preventive) measures aimed at contraction and spread control of Ebola virus disease].

Now the Ebola virus continues to extend in the Western Africa. Cases, including with lethal outcomes are also registered in the countries of Europe and America. The probability of drift of this disease on the territory of the Russian Federation, including through the foreign military personnel who is trained in the country isn't excluded.

Evaluation of community-based treatment for drug-resistant tuberculosis in Bangladesh.

Objective: Drug-resistant tuberculosis (TB) threatens global TB control because it is difficult to diagnose and treat. Community-based programmatic management of drug-resistant TB (cPMDT) has made therapy easier for patients, but data on these models are scarce. Bangladesh initiated cPMDT in 2012, and in 2013, we sought to evaluate programme performance.

[Adaptive immune response of people living near chemically hazardous object].

The article presents data dynamics of adaptive immune responses of people for a long time living in adverse environmental conditions caused by pollution of the environment by industrial toxic waste. It is shown that in the process of adaptation to adverse environmental factors, changes in the immune system are in the phase fluctuations of immunological parameters that are accompanied by changes in the structure of immunodependent pathology. Most sensitive to prolonged exposure to toxic compounds are the cellular mechanisms of immune protection.

'Sputnik': a programmatic approach to improve tuberculosis treatment adherence and outcome among defaulters.

Setting: A novel patient-centered tuberculosis (TB) treatment delivery program, 'Sputnik', was introduced for patients at high risk of treatment default in Tomsk City, Russian Federation.

Objective: To assess the effects of the Sputnik intervention on patient default rates.

Design: We analyzed the characteristics of patients referred to the program, treatment adherence of Sputnik program enrollees before and during the intervention, and final outcomes for all patients referred to the Sputnik program.

Programmatic management of multidrug-resistant tuberculosis: models from three countries.

Background: Although multidrug-resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB) is a major global health problem, there is a gap in programmatic treatment implementation.

Methods: This study describes MDR-TB treatment models in three countries--Peru, Russia and Lesotho-- using qualitative data collected over a 13-year period.

Results: A program analysis is presented for each country focusing on baseline medical care, initial implementation and program evolution.

Studying the photoprotective activity of a new class of heteroaromatic antioxidants.

Photoprotective activity of heteroaromatic compounds (derivatives of 3-hydroxypyridine, amino-6-hydroxybenzothiazole, and 5-hydroxybenzimidazole) was studied in the system of UV-induced cardiolipin peroxidation. Although all three compounds had the antioxidant effect during free radical oxidation of luminol, only derivatives of amino-6-hydroxybenzothiazole and 5-hydroxybenzimidazole inhibited the process of UV-induced lipid peroxidation. The 3-hydroxypyridine derivative did not inhibit UV-induced cardiolipin peroxidation, which was probably related to degradation of this compound under the influence of UV light and formation of degradation products that cannot inhibit free radical processes.

Integration of alcohol use disorders identification and management in the tuberculosis programme in Tomsk Oblast, Russia.

Alcohol use disorders (AUDs) among tuberculosis (TB) patients are associated with nonadherence and poor treatment outcomes. We developed a multidisciplinary model to manage AUDs among TB patients in Tomsk, Russia. First, we assessed current standards of care through stakeholder meetings and ethnographic work.

Ultrasonic immersion echomammography: state of the art and prospects.

This article discusses the state of the art and the prospects of evolution of ultrasonic immersion mammographs. It is shown that ultrasonic immersion mammography for diagnostics of surface organs has a preference over existing ultrasonic scanning devices of contact type. An immersion mammograph has been developed, a characteristic of which is the use of compact ring multielement antenna with the electronic dynamic focusing block.

[Tomoangiography in neurosurgical clinical practice].

The method of tomoangiography was developed on the "Neuroprincips" apparatus (of CGR company, France) provided with a simultaneous casset (7 films every 0.3--0.5 cm) that permits to obtain linear slides up to 2 mm thick in any phase of cerebral circulation, and in any plane and position of the patient.

[The diagnostic value of pneumotomoencephalography in patholigic processes in the region of the sella turcica].

The pneumotomoencephalographic procedure applied by the authors in pathological processes in the region of sella turcica is indicated in cases when during pneumocisternography the air fails to fully fill the chiasmal cisternae and it is impossible to obtain a clearcut idea about the presence and the size of the tumour. In such instances an additional introduction of 8--10 ml of air into the ventricular system permits it with a changed position of the patient's head to distinctly see on the tomogram the condition of the anterio-inferior portion of the III ventricle, which is the first to suffer from the compression or newgrowth proliferation in the region of sella turcica and in this way to obtain the primary roentgenological signs in the form of its filing defects. Pneumotomoencephalography was helpful in examining 74 patients with tumours in the region of sella turcica and suffering from sequelae of inflammatory affections.