Callous-Unemotional Traits and Face-Emotion Recognition as Mediators in Conduct Problems of Children With ADHD.

Background: Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is associated with increased risk for conduct problems (CP), as well as with callous-unemotional traits (CUt) and lower accuracy in face emotional recognition (FER). It is unclear, however, whether CUt and low accuracy in FER contribute to the risk for CP in ADHD. The present study investigated the possibility of such contribution.

Mood and Proneness to Boredom Are Associated with Poorer Continuous Performance Test Results, Which May Improve with Methylphenidate Treatment, in Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder.

This study aimed to evaluate the relationship between baseline test of variables of attention (TOVA) performance, attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) symptom severity, mood symptoms, proneness to boredom in children with ADHD, and to assess the responses of the various scales to methylphenidate treatment. Thirty-three children and adolescents with ADHD, aged 7-18 years, were assessed at baseline with TOVA and treated for 3 months thereafter with methylphenidate. The ADHD Rating Scale (ADHD-RS), Short Boredom Proneness Scale (SBPS), Children's Depression Inventory (CDI) scale, and CDI-academic and social subscale (CDI-AS) were administered to all participants at baseline and after 3 months of methylphenidate (MPH) treatment.

Management of anxiety disorders in children with attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder: a narrative review.

Anxiety disorders are common comorbidities of attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and conversely, ADHD is prevalent among anxious youths. A variety of treatments, both psychopharmacological and nonpsychopharmacological, are used to manage combined ADHD/anxiety disorder. This article aims to review the literature on the treatment of ADHD with comorbid anxiety disorders, and make evidence-based recommendations for clinical practice.

Levels of Proneness to Boredom in Children with Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder On and Off Methylphenidate Treatment.

To evaluate the relationship between attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) severity and propensity for boredom in children with ADHD, both on and off methylphenidate (MPH). A group of children and adolescents with ADHD ( = 30), aged 7-18 years, were assessed using the Parent-Reported-ADHD Rating Scale-5 (PR-ADHD-RS-5) and Short Boredom Proneness Scale (SBPS), at baseline, after 3 months of MPH treatment, and again after 3 weeks of MPH treatment discontinuation. Significant correlation was found at baseline between PR-ADHD-RS-5 and SBPS scores [ = 30,  = 0.

Poor performance of the 'child Reading the Mind in the Eyes Test' correlates with poorer social-emotional functioning in children with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder.

The performance of the 'child Reading the Mind in the Eyes Test' (cRMET), a measure of Theory of Mind (ToM), was assessed in children with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) with relation to social-emotional functioning and ADHD severity. The impact of a single dose of methylphenidate on cRMET performance was evaluated. A group of 25 children aged 7-17 years diagnosed with ADHD were assessed at baseline by cRMET, the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ) and the ADHD-rating scale.

The Placebo Response in Adult ADHD as Objectively Assessed by the TOVA Continuous Performance Test.

We compared the placebo response (PR) as measured by the Test of Variables of Attention (TOVA) and the Conners' Adult ADHD Rating Scale (CAARS) scores. A retrospective data analysis from a double-blind placebo-controlled study of metadoxine-ER in adults with ADHD. An additional database was used for comparison to TOVA response after methylphenidate challenge (TOVA-MPH-R).

Adherence to antidepressant medications is associated with reduced premature mortality in patients with cancer: A nationwide cohort study.

Background: Depression and anxiety are common in cancer and antidepressants (AD) are efficacious treatment. The relationship between AD adherence and mortality in cancer is unclear. This study aimed to evaluate the association between adherence to AD and all-cause mortality in a population-based cohort of patients with cancer.

Apparent lack of practice effects in the Test of Variables of Attention (TOVA) in adult ADHD.

The test of variables of attention (TOVA) is a continuous performance test commonly used as an aid for diagnosis of ADHD and assessment of treatment response. It has been studied and standardized in both children and adults. As a repetitive measurement of treatment efficacy, used both in research and in the clinic, it's important to disprove a practice effect.

High pretreatment cognitive impulsivity predicts response of oppositional symptoms to methylphenidate in patients with attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder/oppositional defiant disorder.

The aim of this study was to compare impulsivity levels, as assessed by a continuous performance test (CPT), and the correlations between baseline CPT performance and response to methylphenidate (MPH), as assessed by the conjunctive CPT (CCPT), in children with only Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 5th ed. attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder with no oppositional defiant disorder (ADHD/noODD) or with comorbid ODD (ADHD/ODD). Fifty-three children and adolescents were included in the study (ADHD/noODD group, n = 25, 12 women/13 men and ADHD/ODD group, n = 28, eight females/20 males).

Cannabidiol as a suggested candidate for treatment of autism spectrum disorder.

Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) is characterized by persistent deficits in social communication, restricted and repetitive patterns of behavior, interests, or activities and often intellectual disabilities. ASD has a number of prevalent co-morbidities, such as sleep disorders, attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder and epilepsy. No effective treatment for the core symptoms of ASD is currently available.

The effect of methylphenidate treatment on psychopathic behavior of patients having attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder with and without oppositional defiant disorder.

To evaluate the effect of 3 months of methylphenidate (MPH) treatment on psychopathic behavior in children having attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) with and without comorbid oppositional defiant disorder (ODD). Twenty-seven children with Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, fifth ed., ADHD (13 female/14 male; aged 13.

The Impact of Prolonged, Selective, Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitor Treatment on Serum Lipid and Glucose Levels in Children and Adolescents: A Preliminary Prospective Study.

Objectives: Treatment with selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) is common and is considered safe and effective in the treatment of anxiety and depressive disorders in pediatric populations. SSRI administration, however, is associated with adverse metabolic effects. The aim of this preliminary study was to evaluate the possible influence of a 6-month SSRI treatment on metabolic parameters in children and adolescents with depressive and/or anxiety disorders.

Demographic and Clinical Predictors of Hospitalization in Preschoolers With ADHD.

This chart review study characterized demographic and clinical indicators of the need for hospitalization in preschoolers with ADHD. Medical records of preschoolers with (4th ed., text rev.

Effectiveness of parental training, methylphenidate treatment, and their combination on academic achievements and behavior at school of children with attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder.

This study aimed to compare the effectiveness of parental training (PT), methylphenidate treatment (MPH), and the combination of PT and MPH treatment (PT/MPH) on school achievements in children with attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). Twenty eight ADHD patients (age: 10.1±1.

Possible Age-Related Progression of Attentional Impairment in ADHD and Its Attenuation by Past Diagnosis and Treatment.

The aim of the study is to evaluate attentional impairment in different age groups with ADHD. In all, 58 children, 73 adolescents, and 104 adults with ADHD were evaluated using the Test of Variables of Attention (TOVA). Subjects with comorbidities or psychotropic treatment were not included.

The effect of methylphenidate treatment on suspiciousness in children with ADHD alone or comorbid with ODD.

Objective: To assess the level of the suspiciousness in children with attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and comorbid oppositional defiant disorder (ODD) in comparison to ADHD alone and the response of suspiciousness symptoms to methylphenidate (MPH) treatment.

Methods: In this open-label comparative study, children with DSM-IV-TR ADHD, aged 8-18 years, with (N = 30) or without (N = 30) ODD received MPH treatment for 12 weeks. The severity of ODD symptoms was assessed by the Kiddie-Schedule for Affective Disorders and Schizophrenia.

The Possible Effect of Methylphenidate Treatment on Empathy in Children Diagnosed with Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder, Both With and Without Comorbid Oppositional Defiant Disorder.

Objective: To assess the Empathizing Quotient (EQ) of patients diagnosed with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) only or comorbid with oppositional defiant disorder (ODD) and compare the two groups' responses to methylphenidate (MPH) treatment.

Methods: Fifty-two children (8-18 years) diagnosed with ADHD, 26 of whom were also diagnosed with comorbid ODD (ADHD/ODD), were treated with MPH for 12 weeks. The level of EQ was assessed with the Children's version of the Empathizing Quotient (EQ-C) and the severity of ADHD symptoms with the ADHD Rating Scale (ADHD-RS).

The effect of methylphenidate on anxiety and depression symptoms in patients with Asperger syndrome and comorbid attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder.

The objective of this study was to assess the response of anxiety and depression symptoms to methylphenidate (MPH) treatment in patients with Asperger syndrome (AS) combined with attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). A group of 12 patients with AS/ADHD, aged 8-18 years, received 12 weeks of MPH treatment. The severities of ADHD, anxiety, and depression symptoms were assessed by means of the ADHD Rating Scale (ADHD-RS), Screen for Child Anxiety Related Emotional Disorders, and the Children's Depression Inventory.

No Superiority of Treatment With Osmotic Controlled-Release Oral Delivery System-Methylphenidate Over Short/Medium-Acting Methylphenidate Preparations in the Rate and Timing of Injuries in Children With Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder.

Objectives: Methylphenidate (MPH) treatment in patients with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is reported to reduce the risk for injuries. In the present study, the rate and timing of injuries were compared among the various MPH preparations (4 and 6-8 vs 12 hour-acting) in children with ADHD.

Methods: This real-world retrospective study covered the years 2011 to 2013.

Involvement and Warmth of Fathers with Mental Illness: The Role of the Caregiving System, Parental Self-Efficacy, Social Support and Child Characteristics.

This study compares the levels and predictors of paternal warmth and involvement of 69 fathers with serious mental illness (SMI) and 69 matched non-clinical (NC) fathers in Israel. Findings show that the NC fathers were more involved with their children, whereas the SMI fathers reported more warmth and perceived their children as less difficult. The interactions that were found in the regression analyses highlight the differences between the two groups.

Short-term effects of lithium on white blood cell counts and on levels of serum thyroid-stimulating hormone and creatinine in adolescent inpatients: a retrospective naturalistic study.

Objective: The purpose of this study was to determine if the known side effects of lithium in adults may be generalized to younger patients with psychiatric disorders.

Methods: A retrospective naturalistic study design was used. Data were collected from the database of a tertiary pediatric medical center covering the years 1994-2010.

The beneficial effect of methylphenidate in ADHD with comorbid separation anxiety.

The objective of this study was to assess the response of subsyndromal separation anxiety (SSSA) symptoms to methylphenidate (MPH) treatment in patients with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). A group of patients with ADHD and SSSA (n=42), aged 8-17 years, received 12 weeks of MPH treatment. The severity of SSSA symptoms was assessed using appropriate scales including the Screen for Child Anxiety Related Emotional Disorders and the specially designed Child and Adolescent Separation Anxiety Scale (CASAS).

Methylphenidate treatment in children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder and comorbid social phobia.

The aim of this study was to assess the response of social phobia (SP) symptoms to methylphenidate (MPH) treatment in children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). Twenty-one ADHD patients with SP, aged between 8 and 18 years, received 12 weeks of MPH treatment. The severity of SP symptoms were assessed by the Liebowitz Social Anxiety Scale for Children and Adolescents (LSAS-CA), and the severity of ADHD symptoms was assessed by the ADHD Rating Scale at baseline and at endpoint.

Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder and comorbid subsyndromal depression: what is the impact of methylphenidate on mood?

Background: Youths with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) may develop demoralization or depressive or dysthymic symptoms related to chronic social, familial, and academic difficulties that are associated with their ADHD and are at higher risk for developing mood disorders. We assessed the effectiveness of methylphenidate (MPH) on both ADHD and mood symptoms in children and adolescents diagnosed with ADHD and coexistent subsyndromal depression (SSD).

Methods: A group of ADHD patients with SSD (n = 47), aged 8 to 18 years, received 12 weeks of MPH treatment.

Reboxetine treatment for autistic spectrum disorder of pediatric patients with depressive and inattentive/hyperactive symptoms: an open-label trial.

Background: Reboxetine is a norepinephrine reuptake inhibitor that may be useful in treating pediatric depression as well as attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). Both are often comorbid with autistic spectrum disorder (ASD). We evaluated the effectiveness of reboxetine treatment in pediatric patients with ASD with symptoms of depression and ADHD.