[Surgical treatment of focal drug-resistant epilepsy associated with temporal lobe encephalocele].

Background: In recent years, temporal lobe encephalocele has become more common in patients with focal drug-resistant epilepsy. Despite available experience, there are still no clear recommendations for choosing the extent of surgery in these patients.

Objective: To evaluate the effectiveness of diagnosis and surgical treatment of focal drug-resistant epilepsy associated with temporal lobe encephalocele.

[Long-term epilepsy-associated tumors].

Objective: The goal of this review is to summarize data concerning radiological and histological diagnosis of epileptogenic tumors, as well as to discuss their surgical treatment.

Material And Methods: PubMed literature database was searched for relevant articles, we also used our own clinical experience.

Results: Benign glioneuronal tumors are the second most common cause of drug resistant epilepsy in adults after hippocampal sclerosis.

Single-word, sentence, and discourse comprehension in individuals with temporal lobe epilepsy.

The purpose of this study was to systematically investigate language comprehension in individuals with left and right temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE) at different language levels - single word (noun and verb), sentence, and discourse. Neither of the groups with TLE showed difficulties with noun comprehension, whereas verb comprehension performance was significantly lower in individuals with left, but not right TLE as compared to healthy controls. In contrast, sentence and discourse comprehension was overall impaired, irrespective of the lateralization of the epileptogenic focus.

[Pre-surgical Diagnosties in Patients with Intractable epilepsy].

Purpose: To conduct a systematic assessment of scientific publications devoted to pre-surgical examination of patients with intactable epilepsy.

Material And Methods: We found, using PubMed and available Internet search tools, and analyzed 1.414 articles on pre-surgical diagnostics in patients with intractable epilepsy.

[Surgery for intractable epilepsy in a patient with encephalocele of the temporal lobe: a case report].

We describe a case of surgical treatment of intractable temporal epilepsy in a female patient with congenital middle cranial fossa encephalocele. We present clinical-anamnestic and neuroimaging data as well as the microscopic and macroscopic pictures of encephalocele. We analyze outcomes of surgery for this pathology, which have been reported in the literature.

Ictal and interictal MEG in pediatric patients with tuberous sclerosis and drug resistant epilepsy.

Purpose: Drug resistant epilepsy (DRE) is common in patients with tuberous sclerosis (TS). Interictal MEG has been shown as a valuable instrument in the presurgical workup. The goal of our study was to evaluate the role of ictal MEG in epileptogenic tuber selection, especially in patients with multiple irritative zones.

Comprehension and production of nouns and verbs in temporal lobe epilepsy.

Previous research on linguistic performance at the single-word level in patients with temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE) has mostly been limited to the comprehension and production of nouns, and findings have been inconsistent. Results are likewise limited and controversial regarding the lateralization of the epileptogenic focus. The present study investigates comprehension and production of nouns and verbs in patients with left and right TLE (12 in each group).

[Hippocampal sclerosis: pathogenesis, clinical features, diagnosis, and treatment].

Hippocampal sclerosis, also known as Ammon horn sclerosis or mesial temporal sclerosis, is usually associated with intractable epilepsy and characterized by specific patterns of neuronal loss and gliosis in the medial temporal lobe structures. Hippocampal sclerosis manifests clinically as epilepsy, often intractable epilepsy; in most cases, this condition is surgically treatable. As the most common histological diagnosis in adult patients subjected to epilepsy surgery, hippocampal sclerosis is characterized by complex pathogenesis and requires a multidisciplinary approach to its diagnosis and treatment.

Supracerebellar transtentorial approach to tumors of the posterior portions of the medial temporal region.

Objective: Despite the advances in microsurgery, the choice of the most adequate approach to the posterior part of the medial temporal region (MTR) remains a very controversial issue. The supracerebellar transtentorial approach (STA) is considered as the most preferable one, since it provides the optimal balance between retraction, incision, and resection of the brain tissue. Here, we present our consecutive series of 20 patients who underwent STA surgery.

[Possibilities of using intravenous forms of antiepileptic drugs in epileptic seizures].

The literature data on using intravenous forms of AEDs that expand treatment possibilities for patients with epilepsy are presented. AEDs can be used in different situations, when patients are not able to take AEDs in per os. These situations can include seizure emergencies (recurrent seizures, clusters, status epilepticus), caused by disease decompensation; acute symptomatic seizures; perioperative preparation in the case of surgery; dysphagia; gastrointestinal problems; psychiatric disorders, and others.

Magnetoencephalography in the presurgical evaluation of patients with drug-resistant epilepsy.

Magnetoencephalography (MEG) in combination with structural MRI (magnetic source imaging, MSI) plays an increasingly important role as one of the tools for presurgical evaluation of medically intractable focal epilepsy. The aim of the study was to compare the MSI and commonly used video EEG monitoring method (vEEG) in their sensitivity to interictal epileptic discharges (IED) in 22 patients with drug resistant epilepsy. Furthermore, the detection and localization results obtained by both methods were verified using the data of electrocorticography (ECoG) and postsurgical outcome in 13 patients who underwent invasive EEG monitoring and surgery.

[Topical features of speech disorders in children with focal cortical dysplasia and symptomatic epilepsy].

We studied speech function in 11 patients with focal cortical dysplasia (FCD) of different localization. The character of speech disorders was strongly correlated with the time of seizure onset and their frequency, while the localization of dysplasia did not play a significant role. The speech remained intact during seizures in the school age and during the relatively rare (weekly or monthly) seizures.

[Hemostatic disorders caused by chronic use of valproic acid in neurosurgical patients. Thromboelastographic monitoring].

The paper gives the results of analyzing the hemostatic system in 26 patients with various neurosurgical diseases on the basis of routine laboratory biochemical tests and thromboelastographic indicators. In all the patients, the pattern of the disease contained an epilepsy syndrome that required mono- or combination therapy with valproic acid. Laboratory indicators of clinical hypocoagulation were found to develop during the use of valproic acid, and its monotherapy in particular.

[Comatose state caused by seizure-free status epilepticus in postoperative period].

We present a rare clinical observation of progressive development of neurological symptoms up to comatose state in a child with extra-intraventricular craniopharyngioma in delayed postoperative period due to seizure-free status epilepticus which was diagnosed only by EEG-monitoring. Concerning this case report, we discuss genesis of seizure-free status epilepticus and its possible role in development of severe condition in patients with different kinds of neurosurgical pathology in postoperative period.

[Successful treatment of moya-moya disease using encephalo-duro-arteriosynangiosis].

Aim of the study was to demonstrate the possibility of effective surgical revascularization of the brain in children with moya-moya disease. 3 year old girl with moya-moya disease underwent encephalo-duro-arteriosynangiosis. At 14 months follow-up signs and symptoms of cerebral ischemia totally resolved.

[Noninvasive video-EEG-monitoring in the diagnosis of focal epilepsy in children].

Unlabelled: Aims of the study include diagnosis of focal epilepsy, determination of localization of interictal and ictal epileptiform activity. 785 patients (age range -- 1 month-21 year) with admission diagnosis "epilepsy" were analyzed. Video-EEG-monitoring using a 21-chanel EEG system with duration 9-96 hours (mean -- 10 hours) was applied.

[The electrophysiological phenomenon of prolonged epileptiform peak-wave activity to the slow sleep phase].

Thirty-six cases of epilepsy with the phenomenon of prolonged epileptiform peak-wave activity in slow sleep (PESS) are presented. The peculiarities of this phenomenon are singled out. Basing on the obtained results, the authors describe a modified variant of PESS pattern which is characterized by the presence of the stable regional amplitude prevalence of peak-wave discharges and/or stable regional epileptiform activity in the "classic" PESS pattern.

[Epilepsy with electrical status epilepticus during slow sleep: diagnostic criteria and approaches to therapy].

Fourteen patients, aged from 5 to 14 years, with syndrome of electrical status epilepticus during slow sleep (ESESS) have been studied. The absence of epileptic attacks was observed in 21.5% of patients and diagnosis was established by a combination of continuous diffuse epileptiform activity with marked cognitive disturbances.