Earthworm (Oligochaeta, Lumbricidae) intraspecific genetic variation and polyploidy.

Earthworms are known for their intricate systematics and a diverse range of reproduction modes, including outcrossing, self-fertilization, parthenogenesis, and some other modes, which can occasionally coexist in a single species. Moreover, they exhibit considerable intraspecific karyotype diversity, with ploidy levels varying from di- to decaploid, as well as high genetic variation. In some cases, a single species may exhibit significant morphological variation, contain several races of different ploidy, and harbor multiple genetic lineages that display significant divergence in both nuclear and mitochondrial DNA.

[Chemotherapy-associated clinical dynamics of nosogenic reactions in breast and ovarian cancer model].

Objective: To study the clinical features, dynamics and factors of nosogenic reactions (NR) development in patients with breast and ovarian cancers at the stage of chemotherapy.

Material And Methods: The study involved 35 patients who underwent chemotherapy. Clinical-psychopathological and psychometric methods were used to assess the mental state.

Earthworms of Belarus (Annelida: Megadrili).

A survey of the earthworm fauna of Belarus that included most of its territory was performed in this study. One genus, three species and one subspecies were reported for the first time. The fauna of Belarus thus comprises 17 species and two subspecies.

First Evidence of Microplastic Occurrence in the Marine and Freshwater Environments in a Remote Polar Region of the Kola Peninsula and a Correlation with Human Presence.

Microplastics (MPs) have even been detected in remote environments, including high-latitude regions, where human activities are restricted or strongly limited. We investigated the surface water of the bays of the Barents Sea and the freshwater lakes that are located close to and several kilometers from a year-round resident field station in the remote tundra region of the Kola Peninsula. The microplastics' presence in aquatic environments in this region has not been indicated yet.

[Efficacy of non-drug methods of treatment of vestibular dysfunction in elderly patients with vestibular migraine.].

The purpose of the study was to compare the effectiveness of non-drug treatment methods (vestibular rehabilitation, ketogenic diet) for leveling vestibular dysfunction in elderly patients with vestibular migraine. The study included elderly patients with vestibular migraine. In the first group (28 patients), vestibular gymnastics was used to correct vestibular dysfunction, in the second group (28 patients), a ketogenic diet served as a non-pharmacological method of exposure and a control group (28 patients) who did not receive non-drug correction measures.

Regression of Liver Steatosis Following Phosphatidylcholine Administration: A Review of Molecular and Metabolic Pathways Involved.

Liver steatosis is a key pathology in non-alcoholic or metabolic associated fatty liver disease. Though largely ignored for decades it is currently becoming the focus of research in hepatology. It is important to consider its origin and current opportunities in terms of pharmacotherapy.

[Stabilometric diagnosis of vertigo in elderly patients with vestibular migraine.].

The purpose of the study was to study the possibility of computer stabilometric diagnostics for the objectification of vertigo in elderly patients with vestibular migraine. The study included 57 elderly patients with vestibular migraine and 57 elderly patients with central vestibular vertigo, without migraine. Specialized tests of functional computer stabilometry were used to objectify vertigo.

Long-term dynamics of the abundance of earthworms and enchytraeids (Annelida, Clitellata: Lumbricidae, Enchytraeidae) in forests of the Central Urals, Russia.

Background: Since the late 1980s, long-term monitoring of terrestrial ecosystems in metal-contaminated areas has been carried out in the Central Urals. As a part of these monitoring programmes, the data on soil macroinvertebrates in undisturbed areas as reference sites continues to be gathered. These data help study the local biodiversity and long-term dynamics of soil macroinvertebrate abundance in non-polluted areas.

Morphotypes and genetic diversity of Dendrobaena schmidti (Lumbricidae, Annelida).

Dendrobaena schmidti (Michaelsen, 1907) is a polymorphic earthworm species from the Caucasus and adjacent regions. Adult D. schmidti individuals have highly variable body size (from 1.

A New, Non-Invasive Scale for Steatosis Developed Using Real-World Data From Russian Outpatients to Aid in the Diagnosis of Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease.

Introduction: The current non-invasive tools for the diagnosis of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) have methodological limitations. We aimed to develop a non-invasive scale to assist in the diagnosis of NAFLD. To achieve our aim, we conducted a secondary analysis of data from a large observational study conducted in Russia.

[Prevalence and features of geriatric syndromes treatment in old patients (clinical and epidemiological study).].

We studied the prevalence of chronic non-communicable diseases (CND) in elderly and senile patients in conjunction with the syndrome of senile asthenia, the prevalence of sarcopenia depending on gender characteristics and the frequency of occurrence of the falls syndrome in patients with sarcopenia of older age groups. The features of drug therapy in outpatient practice were analyzed. The method of complex geriatric assessment was used in 528 patients divided into 3 age groups (65-74 years, 75-84 years, 85 years or more).

[WILSON'S DISEASE (HEPATOLENTICULAR DEGENERATION, DYSTROPHIA HEPATOCEREBRALIS) DIAGNOSIS, TREATMENT AND DISPENSARY OBSERVATION. GUIDELINES WERE APPROVED BY THE XV GASTROENTEROLOGICAL SCIENTIFIC SOCIETY OF RUSSIA IN 2015].

Wilson's disease (hepatolenticular degeneration, dystrophia hepatocerebralis)--a chronic, progressive disease with a genetically determined autosomal recessive mode of inheritance. The violence in metabolism of copper with its excessive accumulation in visceral organs and central nervous system is the basis of the disease. The guidelines on clinical diagnosis and management of patients based on a Review and analysis of recent publications on this topic in the global and Domestic literature and on the authors' experience in treating patients with Wilson's disease.

[AUTOIMMUNE LIVER DISEASES: CLINICAL FEATURES, DIAGNOSIS, TREATMENT. GUIDELINES WERE APPROVED BY THE XV GASTROENTEROLOGICAL SCIENTIFIC SOCIETY OF RUSSIA IN 2015].

The group of liver autoimmune diseases (LAD) includes autoimmune hepatitis (AIH), Primary biliary cirrhosis (PBC) and Primary sclerosing cholangitis (PSC) The guidelines on clinical diagnosis and management of patients based on a review and analysis of recent publications on this topic in the global and domestic literature and on the authors'experience in treating patients with autoimmune liver disease.

[NONALCOHOLIC FATTY LIVER DISEASE: DIAGNOSTIC, SYMPTOMS, TREATMENT. GUIDELINES WERE APPROVED BY THE XV GASTROENTEROLOGICAL SCIENTIFIC SOCIETY OF RUSSIA IN 2015].

According to the World Health Organization, it is recorded steady growth of the number of chronic liver diseases, including nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), in recent years. As an independent nosological entity, NAFLD is one of the risk factors for cardiovascular diseases, associated with abdominal-visceral obesity, peripheral insulin resistance (IR), and is regarded as the hepatic component of Metabolic syndrome (MS). Nowadays there are no generally accepted national standards for diagnosis and treatment of NAFLD for physicians, gen- eral practitioners, gastroenterologists in Russia.

[SUCCESSFUL ORTHOTOPIC LIVER TRANSPLANTATION IN A PATIENT WITH HEPATOLENTICULAR DISEASE AND FULMINANT HEPATIC FAILURE].

The article presents a clinical case of hepatolenticular disease in young man with rapidly progressive liver disease fulminant hepatic failure and successful emergency orthotopic liver transplantation.

A REVIEW OF INTERNATIONAL AND NATIONAL CLINICAL GUIDELINES FOR THE DIAGNOSIS AND TREATMENT-OF NONALCOHOLIC FATTY LIVER DISEASE.

The review presents comparative characteristics of domestic and foreign clinical guidelines for the diagnosis and treatment of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease.

THE HEPATOPROTECTOR ROPREN FOR THE TREATMENT OF PATIENTS WITH NONALCOHOLIC STEATOHEPATITIS: A PROSPECTIVE OBSERVATIONAL STUDY.

Objectives: New and effective drugs to improve liver function and fibrosis are urgently needed for patients with nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH). This study examines the effectiveness of treatment of patients with NASH with the registered heparoprotector, Ropren~ Methods. This observational study used Ropren? in a post-registration setting to treat 20 females (38-56 years) with chronic NASH unresponsive to standard treatment.

[[The Pathogenetic Approaches to the Chronic Liver Diseases Treatment].].

The paper reflects the issues of pathogenesis of the chronic liver diseases (CLD). The role of the cell membrane lipid peroxidation as well as oxidative stress and fibrosis formation in the development and progression of liver lesions of various aetiologies. are represented in details.

Mitochondrial DNA variation in Eisenia n. nordenskioldi (Lumbricidae) in Europe and Southern Urals.

There are many peregrine European earthworm species that are found in Siberia. In contrast, it is generally considered that the only Siberian species, E. n.

[Efficacy and safety of valdoxan in patients with irritable bowel syndrome].

Objectives: To evaluate the efficacy and safety of the antidepressant valdoxan in irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) with comorbid mild and moderate depression.

Methods: Twenty-eight patients with IBS and depression without psychotic symptoms were studied using clinical examination and psychometric scales.

Results: A significant reduction in psychopathological symptoms, along with the improvement of health status, was recorded for most patients treated with valdoxan (25-50 mg/night) in the end of the 1st week.

[Whipple's disease in a patient with infantile cerebral palsy and hepatitis B virus cirrhosis].

The paper describes a patient who has developed Whipple's disease in the presence of infantile cerebral palsy and hepatitis B virus cirrhosis. After 5-year treatment with co-trimoxazole (480 mg b.i.

[Case of primary biliary cirrhosis combined with GERD and complicated by peptic strictures of the esophagus].

The clinical case of the two diseases combination such as primary biliary cirrhosis and peptic stricture of the esophagus (complicated GERD) in one patient is presented in the article.