TCR-T cell therapy: current development approaches, preclinical evaluation, and perspectives on regulatory challenges.

TCR-T cell therapy represents a promising advancement in adoptive immunotherapy for cancer treatment. Despite its potential, the development and preclinical testing of TCR-T cells face significant challenges. This review provides a structured overview of the key stages in preclinical testing, including in silico, in vitro, and in vivo methods, within the context of the sequential development of novel therapies.

Measuring ecological quality status in low-diversity Arctic intertidal foraminiferal assemblages using a diversity-based index.

EcoQS assessment of the marine intertidal zone based on its fauna is challenging because the assemblages have a low diversity and consist of stress tolerant species. The new approach we propose is to pool foraminiferal diversity (effective number of species exp(H')) across the whole intertidal zone including the salt marsh and tidal flat. In seven fjordheads studied in northern Fennoscandia, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) concentrations indicated low levels of pollution (EcoQS Excellent to Moderate).

Gut Bacteriomes and Ecological Niche Divergence: An Example of Two Cryptic Gastropod Species.

Symbiotic microorganisms may provide their hosts with abilities critical to their occupation of microhabitats. Gut (intestinal) bacterial communities aid animals to digest substrates that are either innutritious or toxic, as well as support their development and physiology. The role of microbial communities associated with sibling species in the hosts' adaptation remains largely unexplored.

Glucose Oxidase Immobilized on Magnetic Zirconia: Controlling Catalytic Performance and Stability.

Here, we report the structures and properties of biocatalysts based on glucose oxidase (GOx) macromolecules immobilized on the mesoporous zirconia surface with or without magnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (IONPs) in zirconia pores. Properties of these biocatalysts were studied in oxidation of d-glucose to d-gluconic acid at a wide range of pH and temperatures. We demonstrate that the calcination temperature (300, 400, or 600 °C) of zirconia determines its structure, with crystalline materials obtained at 400 and 600 °C.

Differential Expression of Bipotent Commitment-Related Genes in Multipotent Mesenchymal Stromal Cells at Different O Levels.

The transcriptomic profile associated with osteo- and adipogenic differentiation in growth-arrested multipotent mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) from human adipose tissue was analyzed in vitro at 20% (standard laboratory) and 5% (tissue-related) O levels. Compared with day 7, at 5% O on day 14 spontaneous upregulation of osteo- (RUNX2, SP7, BGLAP, and SPP1) and adipogenic differentiation (CEBPA, PPARG, and ADIPOQ) genes in MSCs was observed (p < 0.05).

Adipose tissue-derived stromal cells retain immunosuppressive and angiogenic activity after coculture with cord blood hematopoietic precursors.

Adipose-tissue derived stromal cells (ASCs) are currently considered as a full value alternative source of bone marrow MSCs for prevention of graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) after hematopoietic stem cell transplantation due to their immunosuppressive potential. Besides, ASCs are known to support ex vivo expansion of hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells (HSPCs). Ex vivo expansion enables to amplify significantly the number of HSPCs of different commitment.

Immobilized glucose oxidase on magnetic silica and alumina: Beyond magnetic separation.

Here we report immobilization of glucose oxidase (GOx) on magnetic silica (FeO-SiO) and alumina (FeO-AlO) functionalized with amino groups using glutaraldehyde as a linker. Magnetic support based biocatalysts demonstrate high catalytic activity in d-glucose oxidation to D-gluconic acid at pH 5-7.5 and temperature of 30-50 °C with the best activities of 95% and 91% for magnetic silica and alumina, respectively.

Multiyear data on benthic foraminifera in a glaciated fjord of Svalbard.

Glaciers in the fjords of Svalbard have been receding over last decades. Tempelfjorden, a typical glaciated fjord in West Spitsbergen (78°24'06″ N, 17°02'30″ E), has been sampled in summer 1995 and 2001-2007 for modern benthic foraminifera. We have normalized the abundances and unified the taxonomy of all these published and unpublished data sets and then compiled the record of foraminiferal assemblages changing over years into a comprehensive database.

A study of biocatalysts based on glucose oxidase.

During this work, we studied the possibility of glucose oxidase (GOx) covalent immobilization on a modified inorganic support. A series of GOx-based biocatalysts was synthesized by crosslinking the enzyme to a surface of modified silica or alumina. Polyelectrolyte layers were used as modifiers for the silica and alumina surfaces.

Analysis of the levels of tumour necrosis factor (TNF), autoantibodies to TNF, and soluble TNF receptors in patients with rheumatoid arthritis.

Objectives: To evaluate the potential contribution made by autoantibodies against tumour necrosis factor (TNF) to the pathogenesis of rheumatoid arthritis (RA).

Method: We used affinity chromatography methods and a magnetic separation procedure to purify human autoantibodies specific to TNF. The autoantibodies were used as calibration material to determine the absolute content of autoantibodies to TNF using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA).

Levels of TNF, TNF autoantibodies and soluble TNF receptors in patients with bronchial asthma.

Objectives: The aim of the study was to evaluate the potential contribution made by tumor necrosis factor (TNF) autoantibodies to the pathogenesis of bronchial asthma (BA).

Methods: We used affinity chromatography methods and a magnetic separation procedure to purify human autoantibodies specific to TNF. The autoantibodies were used as a calibration material to determine the absolute content of autoantibodies to TNF using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA).

Purification of human immunoglobulin G autoantibodies to tumor necrosis factor using affinity chromatography and magnetic separation.

Autoantibodies to cytokines are important biological effector molecules that can regulate cytokine activities. The aim of the study was to develop a protocol to purify autoantibodies to tumor necrosis factor from human serum, for use as a calibration material to determine the absolute content of autoantibodies to tumor necrosis factor by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. The proposed protocol includes a set of affinity chromatography methods, namely, Bio-Gel P6DG sorbent to remove albumin from serum, Protein G Sepharose 4 Fast Flow to obtain a total immunoglobulin G fraction of serum immunoglobulins, and Affi-Gel 15 to obtain specifically antibodies to tumor necrosis factor.

The use of anaferon (pediatric formulation) for prophylaxis of acute respiratory viral infections in preschool children.

Anaferon (pediatric formulation) reduces the incidence of acute respiratory viral infections in sickly children and children with bronchial asthma and has a positive effect on the course of asthma. The preparation produces an immunomodulating effect (increases initially low IFN-gamma levels and normalizes elevated levels of IL-1beta), stimulates synthesis of IgA and IgG, exhibits cytoprotective activity, and improves local immunity of the upper airways in sickly children.

[Seasonal dynamics of the structure of component communities of parasites in the young minnow Phoxinus phoxinus (L.)].

Component communities of parasites of Phoxinus phoxinus from the Chovju River near Syktyvkar City (Komi Republic) are investigated in seasonal aspect. Material for the study has been collected in May-September 2000 from 90 host specimens of ages 0+-1+. Calculations of diversity indices and other coefficients have been made by two ways -- for metazoan parasites only and for whole parasite community including protozoan species.

[Component parasite communities in the minnow Phoxinus phoxinus (L.) from ecologically safe and polluted reservoirs].

A comparative analysis of the structure of component parasite communities in the minnow from ecologically safe or polluted to variable extent reservoirs was made. The analysis showed that the increase of the reservoir pollution by everyday drains, washings of fertilizers from the fields around and the dacha sections causes the change of dominant parasite species in the minnow, alteration of the sum of errors in the regression equation characterizing the spread of values of biomasses of the species forming the parasite community, and change of the "graphic" structure of the community. It is proved, that the high concentration of biogens has a destructive effect on natural systems, and at the same time causes the process of self-organizing, leading to the alteration of the community structure.

[Possibilities of respiratory exercises in medical rehabilitation of preschool age children with respiratory organs pathology].

The purpose of the work is to study efficiency of a new medical technology in rehabilitation of children with respiratory organs pathology. 177 children at the age from 2 to 7 years were randomized into two groups: 90 children of the main group performed the complexes of physical and respiratory exercises according to developed medical technology, 87 children of the control group performed standard physical exercises on physical training classes. The results of the study revealed decrease in frequency of acute respiratory disease in 1.

[Seasonal dynamics of the component community structure of parasites of the minnow Phoxinus phoxinus (L.)].

The material represented by 75 specimens of minnow of the age 2-2(+) was collected according to the standard technique in the Chovju River (tributary of the Vychegda River, a region of the settlement Nizniy Chov, district of Syktyvkar town) during the period June-September 2000. The quantitative estimation of the structure of the component parasite communities was performed by calculating errors of the equation of regression for each species group separately, with subsequent summarizing of means of errors by all parasite groups comprising the community (Dorovskikh, 2001 6; 2002 B). In order to have a possibility to get data complementing each other, the calculation of variety indexes and other indexes have been made for metazoan parasites only and for the whole community, including the protozoan parasites.

[The natural killer and fungicidal activity of the peripheral blood mononuclear cells in candidiasis].

The activity of natural killers and the capacity of peripheral blood mononuclears for the extracellular killing of Candida cells in patients with different forms of candidiasis has been determined in the radiometric test with the use of targets labeled with 3H-uridine RNAase and in the fungicidal test. On the basis of the data thus obtained the conclusion has been made that in candidiasis changes in the activity of natural killers and fungicidal capacity depend on the severity of the disease and the stage of the process. Linear correlation between the activity of natural killers and fungicidal capacity in candidiasis patients at the stage of exacerbation and in healthy persons is absent.

[The treatment of patients with nonspecific inflammatory lung diseases under outpatient conditions].

A study is presented of 245 patients with unspecific inflammatory pulmonary diseases (124 men, 121 women): with chronic bronchitis--39, chronic bronchitis and pneumonia at the phase of incomplete remission, bronchial asthma--107, convalescents--51. They were treated in out-patient conditions. Routine treatment methods were supplemented by different methods of treatment of the obstructive syndrome (blood transfusion, electrotherapy on the chest region, pyrogenal, electrophoresis with honey, etc.

[Comparative analysis of methods of evaluating antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity].

Two methods for measuring the activity of antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity are compared. One of them is based on the determination of the relative amount of hemoglobin released from lysed sheep target red cells into the incubation medium via benzidine hydrochloride, that joins hemoglobin in the presence of H2O2 and stains the solution blue, the intensity of staining being measured spectrophotometrically. The authors consider radiometry preferable; this method makes use of 3H uridine-labeled chicken nuclear red cells as targets, and the results of the test are analyzed ina beta-scintillator.

[Immune system function in candidiasis patients].

To compare the clinical picture and the immunological characteristics, 58 candidiasis patients differing by the severity and dissemination of the disease were examined. Chronic candidiasis of the skin and mucous membranes, the most severe and disseminated form of the disease, is associated with a decrease in the number of T-lymphocytes and changes in their subpopulations, as well as high titers of Candida albicans antigen and antibodies to it in blood sera. The immune system of patients with visceral candidiasis and chronic vulvovaginal candidiasis was similar to that of healthy persons in the characteristics under study.