Unintended Consequences Following the 2014 American Academy of Pediatrics Policy Change for Palivizumab Prophylaxis among Infants Born at Less than 29 Weeks' Gestation.

Objective: The aim of this study is to compare outpatient respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) immunoprophylaxis (IP) use and relative RSV hospitalization (RSVH) rates for infants <29 weeks' gestational age (wGA) versus term infants before and after the 2014 American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP) policy change.

Study Design: Infants were identified in the MarketScan Commercial and Multi-State Medicaid databases. Outpatient RSV IP receipt and relative <29 wGA/term hospitalization risks in 2012 to 2014 and 2014 to 2016 were assessed using rate ratios and a difference-in-difference model.

Detection of the Amphibian Pathogens Chytrid Fungus () and Ranavirus in West Texas, USA, Using Environmental DNA.

Environmental DNA (eDNA) methods provide novel options for the detection of pathogens. The amphibian pathogens () and Ranavirus have been relatively understudied in Texas, US, so we applied eDNA assays for the surveillance of these pathogens in the upper Brazos River basin near the Texas panhandle. We collected water samples from five urban playa lakes and one reservoir in and around Lubbock, Texas.

Vasovasostomy: kinetics and predictors of patency.

Objective: To assess the timing of patency and late failure (secondary azoospermia) after vasovasostomy (VV) using standardized kinetics definitions.

Design: Retrospective cohort study.

Setting: University-affiliated hospital.

Punctum and canalicular anatomy for hydrogel-based intracanalicular insert technology.

Despite advances in cataract surgery, postoperative ocular inflammation and pain occurs. To address compliance issues with topical corticosteroid administration, a hydrogel-based dexamethasone insert was developed for intracanalicular administration. The objective is to understand the anatomy to best administer the insert and learn how the anatomy and hydrogel properties help retain the insert in the canaliculus over time.

Oral dextrose reduced procedural pain without altering cellular ATP metabolism in preterm neonates: a prospective randomized trial.

Objective: To examine the effects of 30% oral dextrose on biochemical markers of pain, adenosine triphosphate (ATP) degradation, and oxidative stress in preterm neonates experiencing a clinically required heel lance.

Study Design: Utilizing a prospective study design, preterm neonates that met study criteria (n = 169) were randomized to receive either (1) 30% oral dextrose, (2) facilitated tucking, or (3) 30% oral dextrose and facilitated tucking 2 min before heel lance. Plasma markers of ATP degradation (hypoxanthine, uric acid) and oxidative stress (allantoin) were measured before and after the heel lance.

Hearing Preservation in Elderly Cochlear Implant Recipients.

Objective: Examine hearing preservation rates in cochlear implant recipients 72 years and older.

Study Design: Retrospective case series.

Setting: Tertiary otology/neurotology practice.

Research translation for military and veteran health: research, practice, policy.

Military service presents unique challenges and opportunities for health care and public health. In the USA, there are over 2 million military servicemembers, 20 million veterans, and millions more military and veteran family members. Military servicemembers and eligible family members, many veterans, and retirees receive health care through the two largest learning health care systems in the USA, managed and delivered through the Departments of Defense (DoD), Veterans Affairs (VA), and contracted health care organizations.

A Collaborative Retrospective Study on the Efficacy and Safety of Intravitreal Dexamethasone Implant (Ozurdex) in Patients with Diabetic Macular Edema: The European DME Registry Study.

Purpose: To evaluate the efficacy, effect profile, and safety of dexamethasone implant on diabetic macular edema (DME) in a real-life setting, further comparing results by DME duration, previous treatment status, and diabetic control.

Design: A multicenter, retrospective cohort of 340 DME eyes of 287 patients from 25 clinical sites from 8 countries.

Methods: Data were analyzed in 2 perspectives: per injection, in which all measurements were grouped and baseline was defined as the day of injection, and thus the pharmacodynamics of single injections could be assessed; and injection series, defined as 2 or more injections with 3 to 6 months between injections analyzing the outcome 3 to 6 months after the last injection.

The efficacy of pocket elimination/reduction compared to access flap surgery: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

Aim: To assess the efficacy and adverse effects of resective surgery compared to access flap in patients with periodontitis.

Methods: Randomized controlled trials with a follow-up ≥6 months were identified in ten databases. Screening, data extraction, and quality assessment were conducted by two reviewers.

A long-term clinical trial on the efficacy and safety profile of doxofylline in Asthma: The LESDA study.

Doxofylline, an oral methylxanthine with bronchodilator and anti-inflammatory activities, offers a promising alternative to theophylline due to its superior efficacy/safety profile. No long-term studies on the efficacy and safety of doxofylline are currently available in asthma. The aim of the Long-term clinical trial on the Efficacy and Safety profile of Doxofylline in Asthma (LESDA) study was to investigate the safety and efficacy profile of doxofylline administered for one year in asthmatic patients.

Technology use and preferences for mental health self-management interventions among older veterans.

Objectives: The United States Department of Veterans Affairs offers numerous technology-delivered interventions to self-manage mental health problems. It is unknown, however, what barriers older military veterans face to using these technologies and how willing they would be to use technologies for mental health concerns.

Methods: Seventy-seven veterans (M = 69.

Highly structured slow solar wind emerging from an equatorial coronal hole.

During the solar minimum, when the Sun is at its least active, the solar wind is observed at high latitudes as a predominantly fast (more than 500 kilometres per second), highly Alfvénic rarefied stream of plasma originating from deep within coronal holes. Closer to the ecliptic plane, the solar wind is interspersed with a more variable slow wind of less than 500 kilometres per second. The precise origins of the slow wind streams are less certain; theories and observations suggest that they may originate at the tips of helmet streamers, from interchange reconnection near coronal hole boundaries, or within coronal holes with highly diverging magnetic fields.

Sperm Genomic Integrity by TUNEL Varies throughout the Male Genital Tract.

Purpose: We assessed sperm chromatin fragmentation at different levels of the male genital tract.

Materials And Methods: Ejaculated specimens from consenting male partners were screened for sperm chromatin fragmentation by TUNEL (terminal deoxynucleotidyl deoxyuridine triphosphate nick end labeling). Men with intracytoplasmic sperm injection failure and high ejaculated sperm chromatin fragmentation underwent surgery to retrieve spermatozoa from different levels of the male genital tract, which were then reassessed for sperm chromatin fragmentation.

Impact on Readmission Reduction Among Heart Failure Patients Using Digital Health Monitoring: Feasibility and Adoptability Study.

Background: Heart failure (HF) is a condition that affects approximately 6.2 million people in the United States and has a 5-year mortality rate of approximately 42%. With the prevalence expected to exceed 8 million cases by 2030, projections estimate that total annual HF costs will increase to nearly US $70 billion.

A Novel Patient-Specific Model for Predicting Severe Oliguria; Development and Comparison With Kidney Disease: Improving Global Outcomes Acute Kidney Injury Classification.

Objectives: The Kidney Disease: Improving Global Outcomes urine output criteria for acute kidney injury lack specificity for identifying patients at risk of adverse renal outcomes. The objective was to develop a model that analyses hourly urine output values in real time to identify those at risk of developing severe oliguria.

Design: This was a retrospective cohort study utilizing prospectively collected data.

Sound generation due to the interaction of turbulence with surfaces embedded in transversely sheared flow.

This paper reviews the application of Rapid Distortion Theory (RDT) on transversely shear mean flows to the prediction of sound generated from solid surfaces imbedded in turbulent shear flows. This phenomenon is relevant to the so-called installation noise problem which has received considerable attention in recent years. A few representative results from applications that have appeared in the literature are also presented.

Electron Vorticity Indicative of the Electron Diffusion Region of Magnetic Reconnection.

While vorticity defined as the curl of the velocity has been broadly used in fluid and plasma physics, this quantity has been underutilized in space physics due to low time resolution observations. We report Magnetospheric Multiscale (MMS) observations of enhanced electron vorticity in the vicinity of the electron diffusion region of magnetic reconnection. On 11 July 2017 MMS traversed the magnetotail current sheet, observing tailward-to-earthward outflow reversal, current-carrying electron jets in the direction along the electron meandering motion or out-of-plane direction, agyrotropic electron distribution functions, and dissipative signatures.

Unrestricted Electron Bunching at the Helical Edge.

A quantum magnetic impurity of spin S at the edge of a two-dimensional time reversal invariant topological insulator may give rise to backscattering. We study here the shot noise associated with the backscattering current for arbitrary S. Our full analytical solution reveals that for S>1/2 the Fano factor may be arbitrarily large, reflecting bunching of large batches of electrons.