Nuclear magnetic resonance in cancer, XII: Application of NMR malignancy index to human lung tumours.

Sixty specimens of human lung tissue from 52 individuals were inspected at 22.5 MHz by proton magnetic resonance techniques. The purpose of the study was to evaluate the diagnostic capabilities of the nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) technique for the diagnosis of malignancy.

Adsorption protein of the bacteriophage fd: isolation, molecular properties, and location in the virus.

The adsorption (minor coat) protein of the bacteriophage fd has been implicated to function in several steps of viral morphogenesis. The protein has been purified by sodium dodecyl sulfate gel filtration after dissociation of the virus. The adsorption protein preparation was estimated to have less than 5% contamination by analysis on sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gels and by the results of semiquantitative dansyl-Edman degradation.

Improved radiographic detection of multiple gastric ulcers.

In more than 1,500 double contrast upper gastrointestinal examinations performed January through November 1974, 26 cases of multiple gastric ulcers were diagnosed. This represents 18.6% of the 140 patients who had a demonstrable gastric lesion, and 23.

Linear and rod-shaped peptic ulcers.

Experience with the routine use of the pharmacologically aided, double-contrast examination to demonstrate various primary and healing ulcers over a six month period is assessed. Thirteen linear or rod-shaped ulcerations were diagnosed. It appears that gastric relaxation and the demonstration of fine mucosal relief are necessary to detect ulcers of linear or rod form.

NMR in cancer: XVI. FONAR image of the live human body.

The FONAR technique that achieved the first chemical image of the live human being is described. Color and black-and-white video images of a cross-section through the chest at the level of the eighth thoracic vertebra were generated. The imaging showed the heart and mediastinum in the midline between the left and right lungs with the heart encroaching on the left lung space as it does at this level.

NMR in cancer: XVIII. A superconductive NMR magnet for a human sample.

A 53-inch superconducting magnet built in our laboratory for human-size NMR is described. It was made from .026 inches superconducting wire laid on a 2.

NMR in cancer: XVII. dewar for a 53-inch superconducting NMR magnet.

A giant nitrogen-jacketed liquid-helium metal dewar built in this laboratory is described for housing 53-inch superconducting magnet used in the human FONAR experiments. This dewar is 10 feet tall, 6 feet wide, 18 inches deep, and weighs 1 1/2 tons. It consists of the main magnet hoop connected through a demountable gooseneck to a liquid helium reservoir tank.

Field focusing nuclear magnetic resonance (FONAR): visualization of a tumor in a live animal.

A nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) image of a tumor in a live animal is reported. The field focusing NMR method or FONAR process that now achieves the tumor outline is described.

Evaluation of routine double contrast views of the anterior wall of the stomach.

Since June 1974, we have performed over 1,500 consecutive double contrast upper gastrointestinal examinations. The double contrast study of the anterior wall has been a useful adjunct to conventional mucosal relief and dosed compression studies. Nevertheless, the low diagnostic yield of the anterior wall examination does not appear to justify including it as part of the routine double contrast upper gastrointestinal study.

Demonstration of erosive gastritis by the double-contrast technique.

The value of the routine pharmacologically-aided double-contrast examination of the upper gastrointestinal tract in demonstrating superficial gastric erosions was assessed. Ten cases of erosive gastritis were diagnosed during a six-month period. It appears that erosive gastritis is more common than generally believed.

Quantitative prediction of drug toxicity in humans from toxicology in small and large animals.

The mouse, dog, and monkey toxicity data on 30 drugs was retrospectively analyzed in comparison with the actual clinical dose schedules used in man. Animal dose schedules were converted to the human schedule and comparisons were made of the human dose versus the large animal toxic dose low, toxic dose high, and lethal dose, the lethal doses for 10% and 90% of normal mice, and the optimal dose in tumor-bearing mice. If the starting dose in Phase 1 clinical trials had been selected by calculating one-third of the toxic dose low (in mg/sq m) in the most sensitive large animal species, 5 of the 30 drugs would have produced significant toxicity in the first patient.

Tetralogy of Fallot with atresia of the left pulmonary artery: surgical repair using a homograft aortic valve.

Two cases of tetralogy of Fallot with unilateral absence of the left pulmonary artery are presented. Both patients required a valve-retaining homograft because of severe pulmonary valve incompetence following previous surgical correction. This uncommon anatomic variant presents special surgical problems, as pointed out in a review of the literature.

Biological ion exchanger resins. VII. Counter-ion activity coefficients in solutions of biological polyelectrolytes.

The single ion activity coefficients of K+ and Cl- counter-ions were determined in concentrated polyelectrolyte solutions. The polyelectrolytes investigated included DNA and several proteins. Results indicate that ion gradients of up to 40:1 do not lower the counter-ion activity coefficient below 0.

NMR in cancer. VII. Sodium-23 magnetic resonance of normal and cancerous tissues.

Sodium-23 magnetic resonance was performed on four types of cancers and six types of normal tissues of rats and mice. The spin-lattice relaxation time of the tumors was generally longer than that of the normal tissues, with the most marked difference occurring between rat liver (T1 = 6.5 msec) and Novikoff hepatoma (T1 =23.

The rapid non-polar transport of auxin in the phloem of intact Coleus plants.

Indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) is transported from a nearly mature leaf throughout an intact Coleus blumei Benth. plant in the phloem. A buffered solution of both (14)C-methylene-labeled indoleacetic acid ([(14)C]IAA) and [6-(3)H]glucose was supplied in a glass capillary to the distal end of a severed main lateral vein of the leaf.

Intracellular localization of the active process in polar transport of auxin.

The cytoplasm of maize coleoptile cells was displaced to either the apical or basal ends of the cells by centrifuging (1750xg for 10 min) segments in which protoplasmic streaming had been stopped by pretreatment with cytochalasin B. Centrifugation toward the base of the segment promotes the subsequent basipetal transport of indole-3-acetic acid, whereas apical centrifugation dramatically inhibits this transport. Apical centrifugation neither promotes acropetal transport nor reverses the polarity of auxin transport.