Contextual variation in language input to children: A naturalistic approach.

Children learn what words mean from hearing words used across a variety of contexts. Understanding how different contextual distributions relate to the words young children say is critical because context robustly affects basic learning and memory processes. This study examined children's everyday experiences using naturalistic video recordings to examine two contextual factors-where words are spoken and who speaks the words-through analyzing the nouns in language input and children's own language productions.

Evaluation of a Systems-Based Tobacco Cessation Program Using Bedside Volunteers.

Introduction: Hospitalization and post-discharge provide an opportune time for tobacco cessation. This study tested the feasibility, uptake, and cessation outcomes of a hospital-based tobacco cessation program, delivered by volunteers to the bedside with post-discharge referral to Quitline services. Patient characteristics associated with Quitline uptake and cessation were assessed.

Improvement in Aortic Valve Area in Patients With Aortic Stenosis Through Use of a New "Hourglass-Shaped" Valvuloplasty Balloon.

Objectives: The study aim was to assess the effect of hourglass-shaped V8 and TAV8 balloons (InterValve, Inc) on aortic valve area (AVA) and other outcomes in patients with severe aortic stenosis undergoing balloon aortic valvuloplasty (BAV). BAV has re-emerged with transcatheter therapy. Cylindrical balloons have been the device of choice despite limitations.

Nutrient Status 9 Years After Biliopancreatic Diversion with Duodenal Switch (BPD/DS): an Observational Study.

Background: Since biliopancreatic diversion with duodenal switch (BPD/DS) produces hypoabsorption, evaluation of long-term nutrient changes is appropriate.

Methods: Measurements of micronutrients, trace elements, PTH, iron studies, and protein were completed for consented patients at baseline prior to surgery and at yearly intervals. The patients were advised and supplements were adjusted by blood studies with compliance checks.

Impact of a Chronic Pain Protocol on Emergency Department Utilization.

Objectives: Patients suffering from chronic painful conditions frequently present to the emergency department (ED) for pain control. In an effort to better manage these patients we implemented and measured the effect of enrollment in a chronic pain protocol in a single ED.

Methods: A retrospective (pre) and prospective (post) study design was utilized.

Children's use of linguistic information when learning in a bilingual context.

Children prefer to learn from people who are like themselves. However, who is considered "like themselves" is complex for bilingual children. Thus, the current study examined whether children's language experiences affect who they prefer to imitate.

Pharmacogenetics in the Development of Lipid Lowering Medications: Lomitapide & Mipomersen in Clinical Practice.

Introduction: The familial hypercholesterolemias (FH) are a group of undertreated genetically inherited disorders of lipid metabolism that lead to severely elevated cholesterol levels and early onset cardiovascular disease. Aggressive lifestyle modifications and lipid-lowering medications such as statins and bile acid sequestrants are the backbone of current treatment. Despite these interventions, homozygous FH (HoFH) patients are unable to reach LDL-C targets and remain at significantly increased risk of cardiovascular disease.

Intraoperative diagnosis and treatment of thyroid storm in a 15-year-old male.

Thyroid storm, a severe complication of hyperthyroidism, can be a devastating medical emergency requiring rapid management. Intraoperative thyrotoxicosis, a hypermetabolic syndrome with increased thyroid hormone levels, also presents a challenging scenario. Clinical suspicion is key along with eliminating other potentially catastrophic emergencies such as malignant hyperthermia or pheochromocytoma.

Category generalization in a new context: the role of visual attention.

Infants and children have difficulty categorizing objects in new contexts. However, learning in both same and varied contexts can help young word learners overcome contextual learning difficulties. We examined the relation between infants' visual attention to the category member and background context during learning and their ability to generalize a new category member in a new context.

Improvement in aortic valve area using a new "hour glass" shaped valvuloplasty balloon compared with standard cylindrical balloons in severe aortic stenosis patients.

Aim: Balloon aortic valvuloplasty (BAV) has reemerged with transcatheter valve therapy. Cylindrical balloons have been the device of choice despite limitations. An hour glass shaped balloon may permit enhanced fixation and broader leaflet opening without annular compromise.

Penile sonoelastography for the localization of a non-palpable, non-sonographically visualized lesion in a patient with penile curvature from Peyronie's disease.

Introduction: Sonoelastography is an emerging ultrasound-based technique that allows characterization of tissue stiffness.

Aim: The aim of this report is to present a case of significant penile curvature with a non-palpable, non-sonographically visualized plaque that was demonstrable with sonoelastography.

Methods: A 60-year-old male presented with significant left penile curvature during erections.

Who is she? Changes in the person context affect categorization.

Changes between the learning and testing contexts affect learning, memory, and generalization. We examined whether a change (between learning and testing) in the person children were interacting with affects generalization. Three-, four-, and five-year-old children were trained on eight novel noun categories by one experimenter.

Spectral Doppler sonography: a noninvasive method for predicting dyspermia.

Objectives: Sonography is a noninvasive, office-based diagnostic tool often used for evaluation of subfertile men. Previous studies have suggested that a resistive index (RI) greater than 0.6 is associated with impaired spermatogenesis.

Same, varied, or both? Contextual support aids young children in generalizing category labels.

Children have a difficult time in generalizing among changes in background context. We examined the role of two processes that may aid in generalizing category labels in new contexts. In this study, 2-year-old children were taught novel object categories in one type of contextual condition and were tested for category generalization in a new context.

Cellular uptake and toxic effects of fine and ultrafine metal-sulfate particles in human A549 lung epithelial cells.

Ambient airborne particulate matter is known to cause various adverse health effects in humans. In a recent study on the environmental impacts of coal and tire combustion in a thermal power station, fine crystals of PbSO(4) (anglesite), ZnSO(4)·H(2)O (gunningite), and CaSO(4) (anhydrite) were identified in the stack emissions. Here, we have studied the toxic potential of these sulfate phases as particulates and their uptake in human alveolar epithelial cells (A549).

Office ultrasound for the urologist.

Imaging of the genitourinary tract is essential in the workup of the majority of the conditions seen daily by urologists. The use of ultrasound in the office provides a safe, low cost, and efficient way for the clinician to evaluate the patient in real time. Ultrasound can allow for bedside diagnosis in many conditions and assist in treatment planning.

Washington's Senate Bill 6610 on transferring provisions for persons found not guilty by reason of insanity.

In Washington state, public concern about the potential dangerousness of mentally ill offenders has led to increasing legislative efforts to contain them in secure settings. A recently enacted law authorizes the transfer of persons found not guilty by reason of insanity from state psychiatric hospitals to prison facilities. The authors review the recent legislation and discuss some of the legal, policy, and clinical ramifications of the law.

Cytotoxicity and genotoxicity of size-fractionated iron oxide (magnetite) in A549 human lung epithelial cells: role of ROS, JNK, and NF-κB.

Airborne particulate matter (PM) of varying size and composition is known to cause health problems in humans. The iron oxide Fe(3)O(4) (magnetite) may be a major anthropogenic component in ambient PM and is derived mainly from industrial sources. In the present study, we have investigated the effects of four different size fractions of magnetite on signaling pathways, free radical generation, cytotoxicity, and genotoxicity in human alveolar epithelial-like type-II cells (A549).

Third-party social interaction and word learning from video.

In previous studies, very young children have learned words while "overhearing" a conversation, yet they have had trouble learning words from a person on video. In Study 1, 64 toddlers (mean age=29.8 months) viewed an object-labeling demonstration in 1 of 4 conditions.

Genotoxic effects of three selected black toner powders and their dimethyl sulfoxide extracts in cultured human epithelial A549 lung cells in vitro.

Until now, the adverse effects of toner powders on humans have been considered to be minimal. However, several recent reports have suggested possible significant adverse health effects from toner dust inhalation. The aim of this study was to evaluate the genotoxic potential of black toner powders in vitro.