The use of Language ENvironment Analysis in autism research: A systematic review.

In research, language ability has historically been measured using structured tasks in laboratory settings. In recent years, there has been a growing emphasis on the need to instead capture language ability in an individual's natural setting (i.e.

Clinicopathologic Features of Gastrointestinal Tract Langerhans Cell Histiocytosis.

Gastrointestinal (GI) tract involvement by Langerhans cell histiocytosis (LCH) is rare and its clinicopathologic characteristics have only been described in case reports and small series. We reviewed hematoxylin and eosin and CD1a, S100, and Langerin immunohistochemical-stained slides from 47 patients with well-documented demographic and clinical findings. Our cases included 8 children and 39 adults, with a mean follow-up of 63 months.

Molecular profiling of visible polypoid and invisible conventional intestinal-type low-grade dysplasia in patients with idiopathic inflammatory bowel disease.

Aims: Little is known about the molecular features of visible polyps with low-grade intestinal-type dysplasia in patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). To better understand their origins and biological potential, we sought to genomically profile these lesions and compare them with invisible low-grade dysplasia and sporadic adenomas from non-IBD patients.

Methods: 22 polyps within areas of colitis, 13 polyps outside areas of colitis, 10 foci of invisible dysplasia from patients with IBD and 6 sporadic tubular adenomas from non-IBD patients were analysed using the OncoPanel assay.

WATS 3D : An Interobserver Study of Barrett's Esophagus-Associated Dysplasia Among Gastrointestinal Pathologists.

Introduction: Wide-area transepithelial sampling with 3-dimensional computer-assisted analysis (WATS 3D ) has been shown to increase the detection rate of dysplasia (and intestinal metaplasia) in patients with Barrett's esophagus (BE). The purpose of this study was to evaluate the interobserver variability and accuracy of diagnosing BE-associated dysplasia in WATS 3D specimens among gastrointestinal (GI) pathologists without prior experience with this technology.

Methods: Five GI pathologists underwent a 4-hour in-person (at microscope) and virtual training session and then evaluated digital images of discrete cellular foci from 60 WATS 3D cases with BE (20 nondysplastic BE [NDBE], 20 low-grade dysplasia [LGD], and 20 high-grade dysplasia/esophageal adenocarcinoma [HGD/EAC]).

Autism Prevalence and the Intersectionality of Assigned Sex at Birth, Race, and Ethnicity on Age of Diagnosis.

Purpose: An official autism diagnosis is required to access timely intervention and is associated with better long-term wellbeing and mental health. Certain demographic characteristics, such as being female or a racially or ethnically minoritized youth, have been associated with significant diagnostic lag. However, it remains unclear how assigned sex, race, and ethnicity interact with each other in predicting the prevalence and age of autism diagnosis.

Colorectal dysplasia in chronic inflammatory bowel disease: a contemporary consensus classification and interobserver study.

The clinical management of patients with dysplasia in chronic inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is currently guided by Riddell et al.'s grading system (negative, indefinite, low grade, high grade) from 1983 which was based primarily on nuclear cytoarchitectural characteristics. Although most dysplasia in IBD resembles sporadic adenomas morphologically, other distinctive potential cancer precursors in IBD have been described over time.

How autistic adults' priorities for autism research differ by gender identity: A mixed-methods study.

Background: Recent studies suggest that the funding breakdown of autism research in the United States may not align with stakeholder priorities. Furthermore, the majority of stakeholder-engaged research involves parents of autistic individuals rather than autistic adults themselves, who may have differing perspectives on research and funding priorities. Women and non-binary adults have been historically underrepresented in autism research.

Primary cutaneous extraskeletal osteosarcoma: a series of 16 cases.

Extraskeletal osteosarcoma (EOS) is a high grade soft tissue tumour characterised by the production of malignant osteoid, without attachment/involvement of underlying bone/periosteum. Rarely, EOS presents as a cutaneous tumour. The clinical behaviour of primary cutaneous EOS (PC-EOS) remains incompletely characterised.

Paratesticular Dedifferentiated Liposarcoma with Epithelioid Features: A Diagnostic Pitfall.

Well-differentiated/dedifferentiated liposarcoma (WDLPS/DDLPS) represent a significant number of sarcomas arising within the paratesticular region. DDLPS is notorious for a broad histologic spectrum, but epithelioid morphology is rare. Herein, we describe a unique case of paratesticular DDLPS with prominent epithelioid features and molecular confirmation.

Superficial low-grade fibromyxoid sarcoma.

Background: Low-grade fibromyxoid sarcoma (LGFMS) typically involves deep soft tissue (beneath the fascia) of the proximal extremities and trunk. Long-term follow-up has shown a high rate of local recurrence, metastasis, and death. To the best of our knowledge, there is only one previous large series focusing on superficial LGFMS suggesting superficial tumors are disproportionately more common in children and may have a better prognosis.

Testing a cascade model linking prenatal inflammation to child executive function.

Inflammation during pregnancy is beginning to be understood as a risk factor predicting poor infant health and neurodevelopmental outcomes. The long-term sequelae associated with exposure to prenatal inflammation are less well established. The current study examined associations between maternal inflammation during pregnancy, markers of infant neurodevelopment (general cognitive ability, negative affect, and sleep quality), and preschool executive function (EF) in a longitudinal sample of 40 African American mother-infant dyads.

Parenting and maternal reported child sleep problems in infancy predict school-age aggression and inattention.

Objective: To examine caregiving predictors of maternal reported sleep problems and child behavioral and cognitive outcomes in early childhood.

Design: A prospective longitudinal study from 6 to 84 months of age.

Setting: Lab visits, assessments, and questionnaires conducted with a community-based sample.

A clinicopathologic analysis of 54 cases of cutaneous myxoma.

Cutaneous myxoma (CM) is an uncommon benign neoplasm of skin, which may be sporadic or arise in association with syndromes such as Carney complex. There has been only one large case series describing CM. We report 54 additional cases of CM; patients had a mean age of 55 years (range = 7-91), with a female-to-male ratio of 1.

Role of Wide-Area Transepithelial Sampling With 3D Computer-Assisted Analysis in the Diagnosis and Management of Barrett's Esophagus.

Barrett's esophagus (BE) is a premalignant condition in which cancer prevention is performed by endoscopic surveillance combined with Seattle protocol mucosal biopsies. The Seattle protocol has significant limitations, including a high rate of sampling error due to the focality of dysplasia/carcinoma, low endoscopist adherence to the protocol, and a high degree of variability in pathologic interpretation. These factors all contribute to a high incidence of cancers missed within 1 year of surveillance endoscopy.

Wide-area transepithelial sampling for dysplasia detection in Barrett's esophagus: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Background And Aims: Seattle protocol forceps biopsy sampling (FB) is currently recommended for surveillance in Barrett's esophagus (BE) but limited by sampling error and lack of compliance. Wide-area transepithelial sampling with 3-dimensional analysis (WATS3D; CDx Diagnostics, Suffern, NY, USA) is reported to increase BE dysplasia detection. We assessed the incremental yield and clinical significance of WATS3D for dysplasia detection over FB in a systematic review and meta-analysis.

CD34-negative Solitary Fibrous Tumor: A Clinicopathologic Study of 25 Cases and Comparison With Their CD34-positive Counterparts.

CD34-negative solitary fibrous tumors (SFTs) are rare and have not been comprehensively studied. We retrospectively reviewed all cases of SFT confirmed with STAT6 immunohistochemistry and/or STAT6 gene fusion between 2013 and 2020 and collected pertinent clinicopathologic parameters. Of a total of 244 cases, 25 (10%) lacked CD34 expression by immunohistochemistry.

Superficial ALK-rearranged myxoid spindle cell neoplasm: a cutaneous soft tissue tumor with distinctive morphology and immunophenotypic profile.

Gene rearrangements involving the anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK) receptor tyrosine kinase gene have been identified in various neoplasms, including inflammatory myofibroblastic tumor and epithelioid fibrous histiocytoma. We present an ALK-rearranged cutaneous soft tissue tumor with unique morphologic and immunophenotypic features that are not shared by other entities with ALK rearrangements. The six cases involved two females and four males, aged 18-84 (mean 51) years old.

Allaying uncertainty in diagnosing buried Barrett's esophagus.

Subsquamous intestinal metaplasia (SSIM) in the setting of Barrett's esophagus (BE) is a technically challenging diagnosis. While the risk for progression of BE involving the surface mucosa is well documented, the potential risk for development of advanced neoplasia associated with SSIM has been controversial. This study aimed to determine the effects of specimen adequacy, presence of dysplasia, and interobserver agreement for SSIM interpretation.