Dietary protein restriction and preservation of kidney function in chronic kidney disease.

Dietary protein augmentation elicits an increase in single nephron glomerular filtration rate (GFR) and increased transglomerular pressure. This is similar to the hemodynamic response to reduction in renal mass. Among patients and experimental animals with proteinuric renal disease, these changes also cause an increase in glomerular permselectivity, which in experimental animals accelerates loss of renal function.

Safe botulinum toxin type A injection in patients with history of eyelid ptosis.

Background: Ptosis is an important side effect of frown correction by botulinum toxin type A (BTX-A). The most likely reason of eyelid ptosis is the diffusion of the toxin to levator palpebrae superioris muscle through orbital septum while the toxin is injected into the corrugator muscle.

Objectives: In this pilot study, to prevent ptosis, we evaluated the efficacy of BTX-A injection at superior middle aspect of the corrugator muscle instead of the common injection site located above the medial eyebrow head.

Raf-1 kinase inhibitor protein: structure, function, regulation of cell signaling, and pivotal role in apoptosis.

The acquisition of resistance to conventional therapies such as radiation and chemotherapeutic drugs remains the major obstacle in the successful treatment of cancer patients. Tumor cells acquire resistance to apoptotic stimuli and it has been demonstrated that conventional therapies exert their cytotoxic activities primarily by inducing apoptosis in the cells. Resistance to radiation and chemotherapeutic drugs has led to the development of immunotherapy and gene therapy approaches with the intent of overcoming resistance to drugs and radiation as well as enhancing the specificity to eliminate tumor cells.