Feasibility, reliability, and validity of physical function tests and IADL survey questions in women living in rural, highland Ethiopia.

Physical function is the physical ability to fulfill one's daily roles and responsibilities. Poor physical function is detrimental to health and income-generating activities. Unfortunately, there is a lack of validated methods to measure physical function in adult women in low- and middle-income countries, including Ethiopia, the locus of this study.

"Emergency Room Incision and Drainage of Perirectal Abscess is Equivalent to Incision and Drainage in the Operating Room".

Background: Current guidelines for management of anorectal abscesses make no recommendations for operative vs bedside incision and drainage (I&D). The purpose of this study was to determine if management in the operating room is necessary to adequately drain anorectal abscesses and prevent short-term complications for patients presenting to the emergency department (ED).

Methods: Patients with perirectal abscesses were identified and divided into two groups based on intervention type: "bedside" or "operative.

Death caps (Amanita phalloides) frequently establish from sexual spores, but individuals can grow large and live for more than a decade in invaded forests.

Global change is reshaping Earth's biodiversity, but the changing distributions of nonpathogenic fungi remain largely undocumented, as do mechanisms enabling invasions. The ectomycorrhizal Amanita phalloides is native to Europe and invasive in North America. Using population genetics and genomics, we sought to describe the life history traits of this successfully invading symbiotic fungus.

Review of intervention products for use in the prevention and control of anemia.

Anemia remains a major public health problem, especially in low- and middle-income countries. The World Health Organization recommends several interventions to prevent and manage anemia in vulnerable population groups, including young children, menstruating adolescent girls and women, and pregnant and postpartum women. Daily iron supplementation reduces the risk of anemia in infants, children, and pregnant women, and intermittent iron supplementation reduces anemia risk in menstruating girls and women.

Validation of the 24-h perceived exertion recall survey in women in rural Tigray, Ethiopia.

Background: Physical activity affects nutritional status and health. Currently, there are few validated survey tools for estimating physical activity in rural areas of low-income countries, including Ethiopia, which limits the ability of researchers to assess how physical activity affects nutritional status.

Objectives: This study used accelerometry to validate 2 in-person questionnaires, the global physical activity questionnaire (GPAQ) and the 24-h perceived exertion recall survey (PERS).

Sequencing the Genomes of the First Terrestrial Fungal Lineages: What Have We Learned?

The first genome sequenced of a eukaryotic organism was for , as reported in 1996, but it was more than 10 years before any of the zygomycete fungi, which are the early-diverging terrestrial fungi currently placed in the phyla and , were sequenced. The genome for was completed in 2008; currently, more than 1000 zygomycete genomes have been sequenced. Genomic data from these early-diverging terrestrial fungi revealed deep phylogenetic separation of the two major clades-primarily plant-associated saprotrophic and mycorrhizal versus the primarily mycoparasitic or animal-associated parasites and commensals in the .

Integrating and coordinating programs for the management of anemia across the life course.

Anemia is a major global public health concern with a complex etiology. The main determinants are nutritional factors, infection and inflammation, inherited blood disorders, and women's reproductive biology, but the relative role of each varies between settings. Effective anemia programming, therefore, requires evidence-based, data-driven, contextualized multisectoral strategies, with coordinated implementation.

Economic comparisons of endoscopic spine surgery: a systematic review.

Purpose: Full-endoscopic techniques are minimally invasive surgery alternatives to traditional spinal surgery. We performed a systematic review of the literature to assess the costs of these techniques compared to traditional approaches.

Methods: A systematic review of the literature was performed for economic evaluations that compare endoscopic decompressions of the lumbar spine for stenosis or disc herniation to open or microsurgical decompressions.

Benefit sharing: Why inclusive provenance metadata matter.

Fair and equitable benefit sharing of genetic resources is an expectation of the Nagoya Protocol. Although the Nagoya Protocol does not yet formally apply to Digital Sequence Information ("DSI"), discussions are currently underway regarding to include such data through ongoing Convention on Biological Diversity ("CBD") negotiations. While Indigenous Peoples and Local Communities ("IPLC") expect the value generated from genomic data to be subject to benefit sharing arrangements, a range of views are currently being expressed by Nation States, IPLC and other stakeholders.

The History of Plastic Surgery in Israel.

Today, plastic surgery is a well-known profession with highly respected surgeons from institutions all over the world. Over the last several decades numerous clinical and technological advances have been made, thanks to the dedication and hard work of these outstanding professionals; however, things were not always this way. At the turn of the 20 century, Israel had yet to be introduced to the field of plastic surgery.

Season-long infection of diverse hosts by the entomopathogenic fungus Batkoa major.

Populations of the entomopathogenic fungus Batkoa major were analyzed using sequences of four genomic regions and evaluated in relation to their genetic diversity, insect hosts and collection site. This entomophthoralean pathogen killed numerous insect species from 23 families and five orders in two remote locations during 2019. The host list of this biotrophic pathogen contains flies, true bugs, butterflies and moths, beetles, and barkflies.

Long-Term Outcomes Following Lumbar Nucleus Replacement.

Background: Nucleus replacement devices are designed to replace the native pain-generating lumbar nucleus while preserving the annulus fibrosus, endplates, and natural motion. The DASCOR Disc Arthroplasty Device seemed to perform well clinically but was discontinued in 2009. While there are no commercially available NRDs today, the potential advantages of using such devices have prompted a renewed interest in further developing the technology and assessing long-term outcomes for the DASCOR device.

Interventions to increase adherence to micronutrient supplementation during pregnancy: a systematic review.

Prenatal micronutrient supplements are cost-effective in reducing nutritional deficiencies and adverse pregnancy and birth outcomes. However, poor adherence remains a potential barrier to the successful implementation of these supplementation programs. This systematic review assessed the effectiveness of interventions designed to increase adherence to prenatal micronutrient supplementation.

Timing of fungal spore release dictates survival during atmospheric transport.

Fungi disperse spores to move across landscapes and spore liberation takes different patterns. Many species release spores intermittently; others release spores at specific times of day. Despite intriguing evidence of periodicity, why (and if) the timing of spore release would matter to a fungus remains an open question.

Interventions to increase adherence to micronutrient supplementation during pregnancy: a protocol for a systematic review.

Micronutrient supplementation during pregnancy has been shown to be a cost-effective method to reduce the risk of adverse pregnancy and birth outcomes. However, one of the main barriers to the successful implementation of a micronutrient supplementation program in pregnancy is poor adherence. Our review will assess the effectiveness of interventions designed to increase adherence to micronutrient supplements in pregnancy.

Hypothenar hammer syndrome: An uncommon cause of secondary syndrome and digital ischemia.

Hypothenar hammer syndrome affects less than 1% of the population, but if the diagnosis is delayed, digital gangrene and critical ischemia can ensue. The condition is caused by injury to the ulnar artery at the level of the hook of hamate when the palm of the hand is repetitively used as a hammer. Injury includes segmental occlusion of the ulnar artery and aneurysmal formation with or without occlusion.

Variation in the Internal Transcribed Spacer Region of and Implications for Molecular Diagnostic Assays.

, the causal agent of soybean rust (SBR), is a global threat to soybean production. Since the discovery of SBR in the continental United States, quantitative polymerase chain reaction assays based on the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) ribosomal DNA locus were established for its rapid detection. However, insufficient data were initially available to test assays against factors that could give rise to misidentification.