Simulated fluid resuscitation for toddlers and young children: effect of syringe size and hand fatigue.

Background: In small children, fluid resuscitation requires rapid administration of a relatively large fluid volume. This is often achieved manually. The optimal syringe size is unknown.

STOP-Bang and prediction of difficult airway in obese patients.

Study Objective: To determine if a high score (≥ 3) on the STOP-Bang screening questionnaire for obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) predicts whether obese patients are at high risk for OSA and increased risk of difficult airway.

Design: Prospective, questionnaire-based clinical assessment.

Setting: University-affiliated hospital.

Ultrasonographic modification of Cormack Lehane classification for pre-anesthetic airway assessment.

Background: The major drawback of Cormack Lehane classification for airway assessment is its dependence on invasive direct laryngoscopy and hence it is inapplicable for pre-anesthetic assessment of airway in patients with no prior history of tracheal intubation.

Study Objectives: The purpose of the study was to compare and correlate the ultrasound view of the airway and the Cormack Lehane classification of the direct laryngoscopy. METHODS/STUDY PROCEDURES: The present study was conducted on patients scheduled for elective surgery and requiring general anesthesia with direct laryngoscopy and endotracheal intubation.

Management of complex regional pain syndrome type I in upper extremity-evaluation of continuous stellate ganglion block and continuous infraclavicular brachial plexus block: a pilot study.

Unlabelled: Interventional pain management techniques play an important role in the multidisciplinary approach to management of complex regional pain syndrome (CRPS). In this preliminary study we compared the efficacy of continuous stellate ganglion (CSG) block with that of continuous infraclavicular brachial plexus (CIBP) block in management of CRPS type I of upper extremity.

Methods: Thirty-three patients with CRPS type I of upper extremity were randomly assigned to either CSG or CIBP group.

Ketamine as an adjuvant in sympathetic blocks for management of central sensitization following peripheral nerve injury.

Unlabelled: Proliferation of NMDA receptors and role of glutamate in producing central sensitization and 'wind up' phenomena in CRPS [complex regional pain syndrome] forms a strong basis for the use of Ketamine to block the cellular mechanisms that initiate and maintain these changes. In this case series, we describe 3 patients of CRPS Type II with debilitating central sensitization, heat/mechano allodynia and cognitive symptoms that we termed 'vicarious pain'. Each of these patients had dramatic relief with addition of Ketamine as an adjuvant to the sympathetic blocks after conventional therapy failed.

Transsacrococcygeal approach to ganglion impar block for management of chronic perineal pain: a prospective observational study.

Background: The ganglion impar or ganglion of Walther is a solitary retroperitoneal structure at the level of sacrococcygeal junction. It provides the nociceptive and sympathetic supply to the perineal structures. Chronic Perineal Pain (CPP) has been effectively managed by ganglion impar block.