The effects of breed and routes of administration on the plasma pharmacokinetics and faecal excretion of robenacoxib in goats.

Robenacoxib (RX) is a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) of the coxib class. This study aimed to evaluate the plasma dispositions and faecal excretion profiles of RX in Alpine and Saanen goats following oral and subcutaneous routes. Two different goat breeds were allocated into two treatment groups concerning the breed.

Plasma disposition and faecal excretion of eprinomectin following subcutaneous administration in Saanen and Alpine goats.

Eprinomectin is extensively used in veterinary medicine, particularly in the treatment of internal and external parasites in livestock, including goats. The pharmacokinetic behavior of eprinomectin in plasma and faeces was studied after a single subcutaneous administration in two different goat breeds at a dose of 0.2 mg/kg body weight.

The effect of intravenous lipid emulsion (ILE) on the pharmacokinetic/toxicokinetic dispositions of ivermectin and carprofen in rabbits.

Intravenous lipid emulsion (ILE) has been widely used as an effective antidote in both veterinary and human medicine for the treatment of acute intoxications caused by drugs and pesticides with high lipid solubility. This study was conducted to investigate the effect of ILE co-administration on the kinetic dispositions of ivermectin (IVM) and carprofen (CRP) following intravenous bolus administration at subtoxic doses in rabbits.Twenty-four male New Zealand rabbits weighing 2.

Removal of pesticide residues from apple and tomato cuticle.

Pesticide residues are always an unsolved problem in the world despite all kinds of prevention measures. The present research work is based on a scientific hypothesis, i.e.

The impact of nano/micro-plastics toxicity on seafood quality and human health: facts and gaps.

Contamination of the food and especially marine environment with nano/micro-plastic particles has raised serious concern in recent years. Environmental pollution and the resulting seafood contamination with microplastic (MP) pose a potential threat to consumers. The absorption rate of the MP by fish is generally considered low, although the bioavailability depends on the physical and chemical properties of the consumed MP.

An Updated Review of Tetrodotoxin and Its Peculiarities.

Tetrodotoxin (TTX) is a crystalline, weakly basic, colorless organic substance and is one of the most potent marine toxins known. Although TTX was first isolated from pufferfish, it has been found in numerous other marine organisms and a few terrestrial species. Moreover, tetrodotoxication is still an important health problem today, as TTX has no known antidote.

In vivo exposure of Albendazole sulphoxide by Haemonchus contortus and correlation between plasma and target tissue or gastrointestinal content dispositions in goats.

Sheep and goats are sharing different helminth parasites including Haemonchus contortus. Control of these helminths is based mainly on the use of anthelmintics. However, in goats, the application of anthelmintics is often carried out mainly at dosages determined for sheep without knowing the real effects and metabolism features.

Anthelmintic drugs used in equine species.

Internal parasites of horses comprise an intractable problem conferring disease, production and performance losses. Parasitism can rarely be controlled in grazing horses by management alone and anthelmintic drugs have formed the basis of therapy and prophylaxis for the last sixty years. The pharmacology of the anthelmintic drugs available dictate their spectrum of activity and degree of efficacy, their optimal routes of administration and characteristics which prevent some routes of administration, their safety tolerance and potential toxicities and as a consequence of their persistence in the body at effective concentrations their use in epidemiological control programmes.

Plasma dispositions and concentrations of ivermectin in eggs following treatment of laying hens.

Aims: To determine the plasma disposition and concentrations of ivermectin (IVM) in eggs produced by laying hens following S/C, oral and I/V administration.

Methods: Twenty-four laying hens, aged 37 weeks and weighing 1.73 (SD 0.

Comparative plasma and milk dispositions, faecal excretion and efficacy of per os ivermectin and pour-on eprinomectin in horses.

The horse milk gains increasing interest as a food product for sensitive consumers, such as children with food allergies or elderly people. We investigated the plasma and milk disposition, faecal excretion and efficacy of per os ivermectin (IVM) and pour-on eprinomectin (EPM) in horses. Ten mares were divided into two groups.

The effect of surgery (Ovariohysterectomy) on the plasma disposition of meloxicam following intravenous administration in dogs.

Background: Meloxicam (MLX) is a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug used in the relief of postoperative pain for human and veterinary medicine. This study was designed to investigate the effect of surgery on the plasma disposition of MLX in dogs undergoing ovariohysterectomy following a single intravenous injection at a dose of 0.2 mg/kg bodyweight.

Plasma disposition, milk excretion and parasitological efficacy of mebendazole in donkeys naturally infected by Cyathostominae.

Mebendazole (MBZ) has been licensed for use in horses and donkeys, however there are no data available in the literature regarding its pharmacokinetic disposition and efficacy in donkeys. This study was designed to determine the plasma disposition, milk excretion and anthelmintic efficacy of MBZ in donkeys naturally infected by Cyathostominae. The animals were allocated to three groups, each of six donkeys.

Plasma disposition and faecal excretion of eprinomectin following topical and subcutaneous administration in non-lactating dairy cattle.

Aims: To investigate the plasma disposition and faecal excretion of eprinomectin (EPM) in non-lactating dairy cattle following topical and S/C administration.

Methods: Holstein dairy cows, 3.5-5 years-old, were selected 20-25 days after being dried off and were randomly allocated to receive EPM either topically (n=5) or S/C (n=5) at dose rates of 0.

Comparative pharmacokinetics and bioavailability of albendazole sulfoxide in sheep and goats, and dose-dependent plasma disposition in goats.

Background: The aims of this study were to compare the pharmacokinetics of albendazole sulfoxide (ABZ-SO, ricobendazole) in goats and sheep at a dose of 5 g/kg bodyweight (BW), after intravenous (IV) and subcutaneous (SC) administrations, and to investigate the effects of increased doses (10 and 15 mg/kg BW) on the plasma disposition of ABZ-SO in goats following SC administration. A total of 16 goats (Capra aegagrus hircus, eight males and eight females) and 8 sheep (Ovis aries, four males and four females) 12-16 months old and weighing 20-32 kg, were used. The study was designed according to two-phase crossover study protocol.

Comparative pharmacokinetics of levamisole-oxyclozanide combination in sheep and goats following per os administration.

Since there is no registered anthelmintic drug available for use in goats, extra-label use of drugs is a common practice in most countries. The aim of the present study was to compare the pharmacokinetic disposition of levamisole (LVM)-oxyclozanide (OXZ) combination in sheep and goats following per os administration. Goats (n = 8) and sheep (n = 8) 12- to 16-months-old were used for this study.

Plasma pharmacokinetics, faecal excretion and efficacy of pyrantel pamoate paste and granule formulations following per os administration in donkeys naturally infected with intestinal strongylidae.

The plasma disposition, faecal excretion and efficacy of two formulations of pyrantel pamoate in donkeys were examined in a controlled trial. Three groups of seven donkeys received either no medication (control) or pyrantel paste or granule formulations at horse dosage of 20mg/kg B.W.

The efficacy and safety of alphacypermethrin as a pour-on treatment for water buffalo (Bubalus bubalis) infested with Haematopinus tuberculatus (Phthiraptera: Haematopinidae).

The sucking louse Haematopinus tuberculatus (Burmeister 1839) is an ectoparasite of buffaloes, cattle, camels, and American bison. Alphacypermethrin (ACYP) is a pyrethroid insecticide commonly used to control arthropods of veterinary and public health interest. Therapeutics, such as antiparasitic compounds, is often administered to buffaloes based on dosage and intervals recommended for cattle because very few drugs have buffalo-specific label indications.

Field efficacy of eprinomectin against the sucking louse Haematopinus asini on naturally infested donkeys.

A trial was conducted to assess the efficacy of eprinomectin (EPR) against the sucking louse Haematopinus asini on naturally infested donkeys. Parasitological investigations were performed on fifteen animals. On day 0, donkeys received EPR pour-on at the manufacturer's recommended cattle dose.

Plasma disposition of enrofloxacin following intravenous and intramuscular administration in donkeys.

This study was designed to investigate the plasma disposition and systemic availability of enrofloxacin (ENR) following intramuscular and intravenous administrations. Six donkeys (Equus asinus) were used in this study. The animals were allocated into two groups (intramuscular and intravenous groups).

Efficacy of alphacypermetrin pour-on against natural Werneckiella equi infestation on donkeys (Equus asinus).

The chewing louse Werneckiella equi is an ectoparasite of donkeys and other equids. Alphacypermethrin (ACYP) is a pyrethroid insecticide commonly used for the control of insects of veterinary and public health concerns. A trial was conducted to assess the efficacy of ACYP against W.

Plasma disposition, concentration in the hair, and anthelmintic efficacy of eprinomectin after topical administration in donkeys.

Objective: To investigate plasma disposition, concentration in the hair, and anthelmintic efficacy of eprinomectin after topical administration in donkeys.

Animals: 12 donkeys naturally infected with strongyle nematodes.

Procedures: The pour-on formulation of eprinomectin approved for use in cattle was administered topically to donkeys at a dosage of 0.

Pharmacokinetic features of the antiparasitic macrocyclic lactones.

The macrocyclic lactones have pharmacokinetic properties which enhance their use against endo- and ectoparasites in animals and man. The most consistent physico-chemical feature of the group which contributes to their kinetic characteristics is high lipid solubility. This appears to be necessary for their pharmacodynamic action as well as common kinetic features such as large volumes of distribution and the influence of body fat composition on their disposition.