Missed Opportunity Encounters for Early Diagnosis of HIV Infection in Adolescents.

Background: Early diagnosis of HIV infection improves patient outcomes and reduces transmission. Adolescents make up one-fifth of new HIV diagnoses in the United States. We sought to quantify the number of missed opportunity encounters (MOEs) before HIV diagnosis for adolescents at a pediatric hospital (PediHosp) and a proximate adult hospital which employs universal HIV screening in its emergency department (ED) (CountyHosp).

Trends in Personal Belief Exemption Rates Among Alternative Private Schools: Waldorf, Montessori, and Holistic Kindergartens in California, 2000-2014.

Objectives: To evaluate trends in rates of personal belief exemptions (PBEs) to immunization requirements for private kindergartens in California that practice alternative educational methods.

Methods: We used California Department of Public Health data on kindergarten PBE rates from 2000 to 2014 to compare annual average increases in PBE rates between schools.

Results: Alternative schools had an average PBE rate of 8.

Respiratory viruses associated with severe pneumonia in children under 2 years old in a rural community in Pakistan.

The objective of this study was to determine the incidence of respiratory viruses associated with severe pneumonia among children less than 2 years of age in the rural district of Matiari in Sindh, Pakistan. This study was a community-based prospective cohort active surveillance of infants enrolled at birth and followed for 2 years. Cases were identified using the World Health Organization's Integrated Management of Childhood Illnesses' definition of severe pneumonia.

The top 100 articles in the radiology of trauma: a bibliometric analysis.

The purpose of this study was to identify the 100 top-cited articles in the radiology of trauma, analyze the resulting database to understand factors resulting in highly cited works, and establish trends in trauma imaging. An initial database was created via a Web of Science (WOS) search of all scientific journals using the search terms "trauma" and either "radiology" or a diagnostic modality. Articles were ranked by citation count and screened by two attending radiologists plus a tiebreaker for appropriateness.

Sentinel hospital-based surveillance for assessment of burden of rotavirus gastroenteritis in children in Pakistan.

Objectives: To determine the burden and molecular epidemiology of rotavirus gastroenteritis in children hospitalized with severe acute watery diarrhea in Pakistan prior to introduction of rotavirus vaccine.

Methods: A cross-sectional study was carried out over a period of two years from 2006 - 2008 at five sentinel hospitals in the cities of Karachi, Lahore, Rawalpindi, and Peshawar. Stool samples collected from children under five years of age hospitalized with severe acute watery diarrhea were tested for rotavirus antigen via enzyme immunoassay (EIA) (IDEA REF K6020 Oxoid Ltd (Ely), Cambridge, United Kingdom).