Spontaneous separation of idiopathic epiretinal membrane in a 7-year-old child.

Epiretinal membrane is occasionally encountered in children; it is usually idiopathic but can be due to conditions such as vitreous hemorrhage or shaken baby syndrome. Though persistent adherence of the symptomatic epiretinal membrane warrants surgical intervention, spontaneous separation of the membrane has been reported. We report a case of spontaneous separation of an idiopathic epiretinal membrane in a young child.

Retinal tears and retinal detachment as factors affecting visual outcome after cataract extraction complicated by posteriorly dislocated lens material.

Purpose: To evaluate the incidence and effect on visual acuity of complicating factors such as retinal tears (RTs) and rhegmatogenous retinal detachment (RRD) in eyes with posteriorly dislocated lens fragments after cataract extraction.

Methods: Retrospective consecutive series of patients presenting at a referral vitreoretinal practice with posteriorly dislocated lens material after cataract extraction over a period of 8 years. The presence of RT, RRD, endophthalmitis, and choroidal hemorrhage was noted, and their effect on visual outcome was studied.

Lens-sparing vitrectomy for progressive tractional retinal detachments associated with stage 4A retinopathy of prematurity.

Objective: To describe the results of lens-sparing vitrectomy in infants with progressive, fovea-threatening, tractional retinal detachments associated with stage 4A retinopathy of prematurity.

Methods: In a retrospective, interventional, consecutive clinical case series, the records of patients with stage 4A retinopathy of prematurity who underwent lens-sparing vitrectomy for progressive retinal detachments were reviewed. Retinal attachment status, reversed or arrested retinal dragging, and visual acuity were assessed after the procedure.

Regional anesthesia for office procedures: Part II. Extremity and inguinal area surgeries.

The hand can be anesthetized effectively with blocks of the median, ulnar, or radial nerve. Each digit is supplied by four digital nerves, which can be blocked with injections on each side of the digit. Anterior or posterior ankle blocks can be used for regional anesthesia for the foot.

Regional anesthesia for office procedures: part I. Head and neck surgeries.

Although local anesthesia usually is used in surgical procedures, field or nerve blocks can provide more effective anesthesia in some situations. In a field block, local anesthetic is infiltrated around the border of the surgical field, leaving the operative area undisturbed. In field blocks, epinephrine may be added to the anesthetic to enhance vasoconstriction and prolong the duration of anesthesia.

Management of macular holes that develop after retinal detachment repair.

Purpose: To study the characteristics and management of macular holes that develop after prior rhegmatogenous retinal detachment (RD) repair.

Design: Retrospective, interventional, consecutive case series.

Methods: The setting was a clinical practice.

Splinter removal.

Splinter injuries are common, but larger and deeper splinters are often difficult and painful to remove at home. These splinters often present as a foreign body embedded in the superficial or subcutaneous soft tissues. Whenever possible, reactive objects like wood, thorns, spines, and vegetative material should be removed immediately, before inflammation or infection occurs.

The basic Z-plasty.

Z-plasty is a plastic surgery technique that is used to improve the functional and cosmetic appearance of scars. With this technique, it is possible to redirect a scar into better alignment with a natural skin fold or the lines of least skin tension. Contracted scars may be lengthened with this technique.

Lipoma excision.

Lipomas are adipose tumors that are often located in the subcutaneous tissues of the head, neck, shoulders, and back. Lipomas have been identified in all age groups but usually first appear between 40 and 60 years of age. These slow-growing, nearly always benign, tumors usually present as nonpainful, round, mobile masses with a characteristic soft, doughy feel.