Analysis of Trauma Characteristics Between the Older and Younger Adult Patient from the Pan Asian Trauma Outcome Study Registry (PATOS).

Objective: Asia is experiencing a demographic shift toward an aging population at an unrivaled rate. This can influence the characteristics and outcomes of trauma. We aim to examine different characteristics of older adult trauma patients compared to younger adult trauma patients and describe factors that affect the outcomes in Asian countries.

Comparison of trauma systems in Asian countries: a cross-sectional study.

Objective: This study aimed to compare the demographic characteristics and trauma service structures and processes of hospitals in 15 countries across the Asia Pacific, and to provide baseline data for the integrated trauma database: the Pan-Asian Trauma Outcomes Study (PATOS).

Methods: Medical directors and emergency physicians at PATOS-participating hospitals in countries across the Asia Pacific were surveyed through a standardized questionnaire. General information, trauma care system data, and trauma emergency department (ED) outcomes at each hospital were collected by email and analyzed using descriptive statistics.

Pan-Asian Trauma Outcomes Study (PATOS): Rationale and Methodology of an International and Multicenter Trauma Registry.

Background: Trauma is a major health burden and a time-dependent critical emergency condition among developing and developed countries. In Asia, trauma has become a rapidly expanding epidemic and has spread out to many underdeveloped and developing countries through rapid urbanization and industrialization. Most casualties of severe trauma, which results in significant mortality and disability are assessed and transported by prehospital providers including physicians, professional providers, and volunteer providers.

Characteristics and outcomes of young adults who suffered an out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA).

Background: There is paucity of data examining the incidence and outcomes of young OHCA adults. The aim of this study is to determine the outcomes and characteristics of young adults who suffered an OHCA and identify factors that are associated with favourable neurologic outcomes.

Methods: All EMS-attended OHCA adults between the ages of 16 and 35 years in the Pan-Asian Resuscitation Outcomes Study (PAROS) registry were analysed.

Comparison of Emergency Medical Services and Trauma Care Systems Among Pan-Asian Countries: An International, Multicenter, Population-Based Survey.

Objective: Knowledge on the current trauma systems in Asian countries is limited. The objective of this study was to describe the emergency medical services (EMS) and trauma care systems among countries participating in the Pan-Asian Trauma Outcomes Study (PATOS) Clinical Research Network.

Methods: The PATOS network consists of 33 participating sites from 14 countries.

Termination of Resuscitation Rules to Predict Neurological Outcomes in Out-of-Hospital Cardiac Arrest for an Intermediate Life Support Prehospital System.

Aim: Futile resuscitation can lead to unnecessary transports for out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA). The Basic Life Support (BLS) and Advanced Life Support (ALS) termination of resuscitation (TOR) guidelines have been validated with good results in North America. This study aims to evaluate the performance of these two rules in predicting neurological outcomes of OHCA patients in Singapore, which has an intermediate life support Emergency Medical Services (EMS) system.

A before-after interventional trial of dispatcher-assisted cardio-pulmonary resuscitation for out-of-hospital cardiac arrests in Singapore.

Aim: To evaluate the effects of a comprehensive dispatcher-assisted CPR (DACPR) training program on bystander CPR (BCPR) rate and the outcomes of out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA) in Singapore.

Methods: This is an initial program evaluation of a national DACPR intervention. A before-after analysis was conducted using OHCA cases retrieved from a local registry and DACPR information derived from audio recordings and ambulance notes.

Interventional strategies associated with improvements in survival for out-of-hospital cardiac arrests in Singapore over 10 years.

Aim: We aim to study if there has been an improvement in survival for Out-of-Hospital Cardiac Arrest (OHCA) in Singapore, the effects of various interventional strategies over the past 10 years, and identify strategies that contributed to improved survival.

Methods: Rates of OHCA survival were compared between 2001-2004 and 2010-2012, using nationwide data for all OHCA presenting to EMS and public hospitals. A multivariate logistic regression model for survival to discharge was constructed to identify strategies with significant impact.

Rationale, Methodology, and Implementation of a Dispatcher-assisted Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation Trial in the Asia-Pacific (Pan-Asian Resuscitation Outcomes Study Phase 2).

Abstract Background. Survival outcomes from out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA) in Asia are poor (2-11%). Bystander cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) rates are relatively low in Asia.

Epidemiology of trauma in an acute care hospital in Singapore.

Background: Trauma injury is the leading cause of mortality and hospitalization worldwide and the leading cause of potential years of productive life lost. Patients with multiple injuries are prevalent, increasing the complexity of trauma care and treatment. Better understanding of the nature of trauma risk and outcome could lead to more effective prevention and treatment strategies.

Geographic factors are associated with increased risk for out-of hospital cardiac arrests and provision of bystander cardio-pulmonary resuscitation in Singapore.

Background: Bystander Cardio-Pulmonary Resuscitation (BCPR) can improve survival for Out-of-Hospital Cardiac Arrest (OHCA). This study aimed to investigate the geographic variation of BCPR provision and survival to discharge outcomes among residential OHCA cases, evaluate this variation with individual and population characteristics and identify high-risk residential areas with low relative risk (RR) of BCPR and high RR of OHCA at the development guide plan (DGP) census tract levels in Singapore.

Methods: This was a retrospective, secondary analysis of two prospectively-collected registries in Singapore from 2001 to 2011.

Knowledge of signs and symptoms of heart attack and stroke among Singapore residents.

Aim: To determine the level of knowledge of signs and symptoms of heart attack and stroke in Singapore resident population, in comparison to the global community.

Methods: A population based, random sample of 7,840 household addresses was selected from a validated national sampling frame. Each participant was asked eight questions on signs and symptoms of heart attack and 10 questions on stroke.

Implications for public access defibrillation placement by non-traumatic out-of-hospital cardiac arrest occurrence in Singapore.

Introduction: The American Heart Association recommends automated external defibrillator placement in public areas with a high probability (>1) of out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA) occurring in 5 years. We aimed to determine the incidence rate of OHCA for different location categories in Singapore.

Methods: Cardiac arrest incidence was obtained from a national registry.

Recognition and treatment of out-of-hospital cardiac arrests by non-emergency ambulance services in Singapore.

Introduction: Prompt recognition of cardiac arrest and initiation of cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) and defibrillation is necessary for good outcomes from out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA). This study aims to describe the recognition and treatment of OHCA in patients conveyed by non-emergency ambulance services (EAS) in Singapore.

Materials And Methods: This is a multi-centre, retrospective chart review, of cases presenting to public emergency departments (EDs), conveyed by non-EAS and found to be in cardiac arrest upon ED arrival.

Effect of location of out-of-hospital cardiac arrest on survival outcomes.

Introduction: This study aims to study how the effect of the location of patient collapses from cardiac arrest, in the residential and non-residential areas within Singapore, relates to certain survival outcomes.

Materials And Methods: A retrospective cohort study of data were done from the Cardiac Arrest and Resuscitation Epidemiology (CARE) project. Out-of- hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA) data from October 2001 to October 2004 (CARE) were used.

National population based survey on the prevalence of first aid, cardiopulmonary resuscitation and automated external defibrillator skills in Singapore.

Aim: This study aimed to assess knowledge, attitudes and practices among Singapore residents towards life-saving skills and providing emergency assistance in the community using a population representative sample.

Methods: A population based, random sample of 7840 household addresses were selected from a validated national sampling frame. Respondents were interviewed using face-to-face interview method.