[A systematic analysis of neurobiological roles of lithium].

Lithium salts have been the mainstay of treatment for bipolar disorder for more than 50 years, since the FDA approved the treatment in 1970. Molecular mechanisms of lithium's action include inhibition of glycogen synthase kinase 3 beta and inositol monophosphatase, resulting in induction of brain-derived neurotrophic factor, antiapoptotic proteins, deprivation of calcium-induced apoptosis. Recent findings suggest autophagy regulation as a possible mechanism of lithium neuroprotective action.

Lithium Ascorbate as a Promising Neuroprotector: Fundamental and Experimental Studies of an Organic Lithium Salt.

Given the observable toxicity of lithium carbonate, neuropharmacology requires effective and non-toxic lithium salts. In particular, these salts can be employed as neuroprotective agents since lithium ions demonstrate neuroprotective properties through inhibition of glycogen synthetase kinase-3β and other target proteins, increasing concentrations of endogenous neurotrofic factors. The results of theoretical and experimental studies of organic lithium salts presented here indicate their potential as neuroprotectors.

Deficit of Magnesium and States of Hypercoagulation: Intellectual Analysis of Data Obtained From a Sample of Patients Aged 18-50 years From Medical and Preventive Facilities in Russia.

Unlabelled: The states characterized by pronounced hypercoagulable components (deep vein thrombosis, cardio- and cerebro-vascular pathologies) are caused by multiple pathophysiological factors, including insufficient supply of magnesium (Mg) and other micronutrients.

Aim: to present results of analysis of the Institute of Microelements Data Base (IMDB) performed from point of view of interrelationships of Mg deficit and hypercoagulable states in adults treated in medico-preventive facilities of Central, Northwestern, Northern, and Siberian federal districts of Russia.

Methods: The analysis was realized as analysis of data obtained in a cross-sectional study.

[Deficit of Magnesium and States of Hypercoagulation: Intellectual Analysis of Data Obtained From a Sample of Patients Aged 18-50 years From Medical and Preventive Facilities in Russia].

Unlabelled: The states characterized by pronounced hypercoagulable components (deep vein thrombosis, cardio- and cerebro-vascular pathologies) are caused by multiple pathophysiological factors, including insufficient supply of magnesium (Mg) and other micronutrients.

Aim: to present results of analysis of the Institute of Microelements Data Base (IMDB) performed from point of view of interrelationships of Mg deficit and hypercoagulable states in adults treated in medico-preventive facilities of Central, Northwestern, Northern, and Siberian federal districts of Russia.

Methods: The analysis was realized as analysis of data obtained in a cross-sectional study.

[A study of the neuroprotective effect of mexidol on the cell model of glutamate stress].

Aim: To study a neuroprotective effect of mexidol on the cell model of glutamate stress.

Material And Methods: Cytological studies of an effect of glutamate stress on cerebellar granule cells were carried out.

Results: Mexidol increased neuronal survival after the addition of glutamate by 8-10% (p<0.

[Evaluation of the antitumor potential of cerebrolysin].

Aim: To investigate the effect of cerebrolysin on the growth and metastasis of malignant tumors in mice (a model of lung carcinoma Lewis).

Material And Methods: The study was performed on 60 male mice, hybrids F1 (the age of 2-2.5 months, body weight 19-22g.

[An experimental study of anticonvulsant effects of myo-inositol and folic acid].

Aim: To study the micronutrients that potentiate the action of anticonvulsant drugs, and in particular, of myo-inositol (vitamin B8).

Material And Methods: An experimental study of neurotrophic and anticonvulsant effects of a preparation based on myo-inositol (inofert) on thiosemicarbazide models of seizures was carried out.

Results: Inofert significantly increased the latent time before the first convulsive seizure, reduced the severity of seizures (p<0.

[Neurotrophic effects of lithium stimulate the reduction of ischemic and neurodegenerative brain damage].

For over 60 years, high doses of lithium (hundreds of milligrams of elemental lithium) have being used to treat bipolar disorder. However, only during the past 20 years the relevant basic and clinical studies have shown that neuroprotective and neurotrophic effects of lithium are possible in much smaller doses ( hundreds of micrograms of elemental lithium). These data indicate a significant potential for the clinical applications of lithium-based drugs in modern neurology for the purposes of prevention and treatment of neurodegenerative and ischemic pathologies.

[Pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic synergism between neuropeptides and lithium in the neurotrophic and neuroprotective action of cerebrolysin].

Objective: To study the synergism between neuropeptides and lithium ions.

Material And Methods: An experimental model of stroke (chronic bilateral occlusion of the common carotid arteries in rats), neuronal culture studies, histomorphological analyses, determination of micronutrient profile of brain substrates were used.

Results: A complex of experimental studies revealed that the effect of cerebrolysin is influenced by the synergism between lithium ions and the neuropeptide contentof this drug.

[Mechanisms of neurotrophic and neuroprotective effects of cerebrolysin in cerebral ischemia].

Cerebrolysin is the drug which contains peptides derived from the brain of a pig. It is used in neurological practice for recovery of stroke patients and treatment of dementia. Despite the evidence-basis and some experimental studies, the distinct mechanisms of pharmacological action of this drug remain unclear for most neurologists.

[Neurobiology of lithium].

In addition to well-documented mood-stabilizing effects, lithium can be used in the treatment of acute brain injuries (ischemia) and chronic (neurodegenerative) diseases. Recent in vitro and in vivo studies reveal that the long-term treatment with lithium up-regulates cell survival molecules (Bcl-2, cAMP-responsive element binding protein, GRP 78, brain-derived neurotrophic factor, Hsp70) and down-regulates pro-apoptotic activities (e.g.