HIV-Related Atherosclerosis: State-of-the-Art-Review.

The infection caused by the Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) has spread rapidly across the globe, assuming the characteristics of an epidemic in some regions. Thanks to the introduction of antiretroviral therapy into routine clinical practice, there was a considerable breakthrough in the treatment of HIV, that is now HIV is potentially well-controlled even in low-income countries. To date, HIV infection has moved from the group of life-threatening conditions to the group of chronic and well controlled ones and the quality of life and life expectancy of HIV people, with an undetectable viral load is closer to that of an HIV people.

The Keystones of Right Ventricular Arrhythmogenic Cardiomyopathy-Induced Morphological Disarrangement.

Arrhythmogenic right ventricular cardiomyopathy is an urgent problem of modern cardiology. This myocardial remodeling manifests various desmosomopathies, channelopathies, and other mutations resulting in a violation of the coordinated heart work, particularly the myocardium. The incidence of this cardiomyopathy is not significant.

Chemotherapy, hypothyroidism and oral dysbiosis as a novel risk factor of cardiovascular pathology development.

Cardiovascular disease (CVD) remains the leading cause of morbidity and mortality in the population, as well as the economic burden of the health care system. Currently, CVDs account for more than 17.6 million deaths a year and are projected to exceed 23.

CORRELATION OF THYROID AUTOIMMUNITY WITH ATHEROSCLEROSIS EVALUATION IN HASHIMOTO'S THYROIDITIS.

The relationship between subclinical hypothyroidism (SH) and Atherosclerotic (At) cardiovascular diseases (CVD) has been one of the most popular topics but causal connection between Hashimoto thyroiditis (HT), lipid profile and follicular epithelial molecular biology is controversial. We investigated 3 groups of patients (group I - HT, group II - HT+At, group III - At). All laboratory tests for thyroid function and lipid profile detection were used according to international guideline recommendations, coronary and femoral arteries intima-media thickness (IMT) were tested by high-resolution ultrasonography, thyroid gland histology and immunohistochemistry carried out by p63 and S100 protein expression control.

MORPHOLOGICAL CHANGES IN THE LIVER AFTER 8 HOURS OF PRESERVATION BY MACHINE PERFUSION.

Patients with refractory cardiac arrest, who have undergone Extracorporeal Life Support (ECLS) for resuscitation, but have not achieved cardiac recovery, can be considered as potential donors (Cardiac Death Donors). In such cases, it takes time to notify and obtain the principle consent of the relatives and finalize the clinical and legal documents. During this time, prior to obtaining consent for the removal of organs, ECLS can be extended.

MOLECULAR-BIOLOGICAL THYROID PROFILE DURING AUTOIMMUNE DISEASE - HASHIMOTO AND RIEDEL'S THYROIDITIS.

Investigated 62 sample of thyroid gland obtained after surgical intervention, including: HT (n=27), RT (n=9), Graves' disease (n=17) and papillary thyroid carcinoma (n = 10). The slides were studied using classical histological and immunohistochemical methods: H&E, TTF1, TSH, S100-protein, CD56 and p63. Dispite of the histological and immunohistochemical heterogeneity of Thyroiditis HT and RT, the progressive involution of the glandular tissue with the replacement by the sever fibrosis, in some cases by the scar tissue is observed as damage sign.

DISTRIBUTION AND DEMOGRAPHIC CHARACTERISTICS OF DUCTAL INVASIVE BREAST CARCINOMA SUBTYPES IN GEORGIAN POPULATION.

The analysis of prevalence of each specific subtypes of the ductal invasive breast carcinoma according to age group categories showed that Luminal A subtype is observed in every age group as dominant subtype, although in different intensity: two peaks were demonstrated in group III and group IV, and in relatively less amount, in V group as well. Its considerable that Her2(+)/ER subtype was second most prevalent subtype in almost all age groups. It also must be noted that there was no direct correlation found between pre- or post-menopausal period and HER2+ state, except for group IV (60-69 year old range), where it was almost 2 times less frequently found than Basal-like subtype.

MOLECULAR BASIS OF EPIDERMAL GROWTH FACTOR RECEPTOR AND CYCLIN E EXPRESSION INTERDEPENDENCE IN BASAL-LIKE SUBTYPE OF INVASIVE BREAST CARCINOMA.

Aim of the study was the simultaneous assessment of EGFR and Cyclin E in "basal-like" carcinoma group, in order to establish their interactivity in the aspect of the age and grade of the tumor, taking into account the common parallel HER2+ samples. The study involved postoperative and/or biopsy material (paraffin blocks) of 237 patients from archived data, who were operated due to breast cancer (National Cancer Center of Tbilisi, 2008-2012 years). In TNBC group and "basal-like" tumor subgroup expression of ESFR, Cyclin E and Cytokeratins 5/6 and 17 were shown advanced activity of processes and high dependence to patients age.

EXPRESSION OF CYCLIN E IN BASAL-LIKE BREAST CARCINOMA.

Results of study under 362 patients biopsy materials in Tbilisi National Cancer Center were shown that basal-like type breast carcinoma is characterizes by different reaction on Cyclin E, CK5/17 and ER/PR immunoreactivities. Basal-like tumor immunoreactivity on Cyclin E differs based they clinical stage and seen maximum correlation with III-IV stage and poor prognosis.

[IMMUNE SYSTEM INTERNSHIP WITH SYMBIOTIC MICROORGANISMS IN GNOTOBIOTIC ANIMAL'S INTESTINUM ILEUM].

Structures, responsible for acceptive (comensaling relation) and protective (pathogenic defense) immunity, were studied and compared in small intestine - to ileum mucosa. Data shown, that main application of the both domains of immune system is to support the correlation between body and foreign microbes, but they response is different. Most significant differences are as follows: in acceptive reactions presented only in aseptic animals - gnotobionts, inflammatory changes absent, so immune reaction complex develops into physiological condition.

HURTLE CELLS IMMUNOHISTOCHEMICAL ACTIVITIES IN HASHIMOTO THYROIDITIS PARENCHYMA.

The present study was designed to evaluate the participation and utility of Hǘrtle cells morphological requirment and transformation under Hashimoto autoimmune thyroiditis versus Riedel´s struma. Several markers have been evaluated to detect induced activities of Hǘrtle cells. Study subject - specimens (tissue fragments) collected from TG surgery (thyroidectomy) for mollecular (receptor) diagnosis of Hǘrtle cells activities using routine histological and immunohistochemical samples.

HISTOLOGICAL AND IMMUNOHISTOCHEMICAL STUDIES OF ATHEROSCLEROTIC AND SENILE CALCIFIC AORTIC VALVE STENOSIS.

THE GOAL OF THIS STUDY: description of morphogenesis aortic valve stenosis in the senile and vice atherosclerotic aortic valve and definition inflammatory processes in them, improving pathology-anatomic diagnostic, macro- and microscopic examination of the stage of development of atherosclerotic plaques in the operating material fragments of aortic valve on the basis of morphological (histochemical and immunohistochemical studies by using markers CD31, VEGF) and idiopathic characteristics of atherosclerotic plaques, the differential diagnosis of the degree of calcification of the aortic valve in the atherogenic and idiopathic aortic stenosis. Calcification in senile aortic stenosis is characterized by three main parameters: infiltration of inflammatory cells, while senile origin stenosis observed the potential growth of angiogenesis. In endothelial walls of the aortic valve imunnhistochemicaly revealed high expression of endothelial and panendothelial growth factors.

[Morphological characteristic dysplastic features on colonic adenomas].

Morphological changes of tubular adenomas with severe dysplasia are charachterized by low level of cytodifferentiation, epithelial cells intensive proliferation, detected by 3Н-Thymidine and markedly reduction of goblet cells. Functional activity of tumor parenchyma decreases with change in ATP-ase activity. The quantity of young form fibroblasts is markedly increased in adenomous stroma, which caused a disturbance of fibrillogenesis.

[Adipocytes and macrophages functional morphology in obese humans: correlation with plasma leptins level].

White adipose tissue macrophages and both in peripheral blood simples obtained in biopsies from male (n=14) and female (n=11) gluteal depots, were observes by light and electron microscopic methods, in obese in patients with BMI (35,2±7,9 and 31,3±8,5) in female and men, consequently. The data indicates on the positive correlation between adipocytes death, macrophages local activization and leptins level in obese individuals. Recent evidence indicates the correlation between increased leptin prodaction level and adipocytes necrotic foci in WAT, which is trigger lipid tissue persistans necrotic foci and formation chronic inflammation response in obese individuals.

[Age related morphological features of rat peripheral lymphoid organs at various levels of antigenic load].

Peripheral lymphoid organs from 2 different groups of laboratory rat's was studied (30 animals in each group). 1) Gnotobionts received from experimental - biological models Iffa-Credo laboratory (Lyon, France), 2) Ordinary conventional animals from the same laboratory, contained in standard conditions of vivarium microbial environment (control group). Animals from each group were subdivided into 2 aged categories (15 in each group): mature (8-12 month, 200,0 - 250,0 g) and aged (I period of old age 24-32 month; 300,0-450 g.

[Immunohistochemical profile of angiogenesis in the thyroid gland in various thyroid diseases].

The purpose of the study - to determine the feature of the vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) expression in the thyroid gland (TG) in various thyroid diseases. Material - thyroid tissue (operative material) with histologically confirmed diagnosis: 10 - follicular adenoma, 17 - multinodular goiter, 8 - thyroiditis Hashimoto, 8 - papillary carcinoma, 10 - intact (normal) thyroid samples (forensic autopsy). The immunohistochemical study of the material showed the following results: the increase of the Hürtle cells population 40 % or more indicates a hyperthyroidism tendency despite TSH+ receptor status.

[Parameters of thyroid glands functional units in diffuse toxic and nodular euthyroid goiter in population of border areas of Azerbaijan and Georgia].

The purpose of the study--estimate of thyroid tissue quantitative alteration features in different types of goiter on the operative material with a data of morphometry (stereometry) data, histology and electron microscopy in the border (neighboring) regions of Georgia and the Azerbaijan. Cohort study group made up thyroid specimens from 187 patients with nodular euthyroid and diffuse toxic goiter operated in the clinics of Azerbaijan Medical University (Baku) and the National Institute of Endocrinology in Tbilisi for the period 2010 - 2012. Results of the follicules and capillaries morphometric study indicate common clinico-morphologic manifestations of thyroid disorders in the studied regions of Georgia and Azerbaijan, as well as to: 1) determinate capacity to the hyperplastic processes in the thyroid parenchyma under the nodular euthyroid goiter, 2) the disbalance between the clinical manifestation of the disease and its growth potential, which is important to define the "biological behavior" of thyroid nodules, including relapse.

[Correlation between dental pulp demyelination degree and pain visual analogue scale scores data under acute and chronic pulpitis].

The aim of study is the analysis of pulp nerve fibers demyelination degree and its relationship with Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) score that may be measured as objective criteria. Material and methods of study. Step I: electron micrografs of dental pulp simples with special interest of myelin structural changes detected in 3 scores system, obtained from 80 patients, displays in 4 groups: 1) acute and 2) chronic pulpitis without and with accompined systemic deseases, 20 patients in each group.

[Morphology of the reproductive age women cervical epithelium under hypothyreosis].

The purpose of the investigation was to examine the morphological manifestations of hypothyreosis in the reproductive age women cervical mucosa. With clinically verified hypothyreosis in 1524 cases, 538 patients had a different variants of endocervical pathology, accounting for two major research groups: I - (n=259) operated by colloidal goiter treated by L-thyroxin during last 3 years, II - (n=279) with similar diagnosis, without replacement therapy within last 3 years. Therapeutic and diagnostic scrapings from cervix, as well as parallel samples of the operative removal thyroid gland (TG), after staining with hematoxylin and eosin and picrofuchsin by van Gieson were studied morphologically.

[Morphological characteristics of stromal fibroblasts and limphocites in colon and breast cancer].

Stromal substance, lymphocytes (populations and subpopulations) and different mature fibroblasts were studied in the colon and breast cancers by the histology, electron microscopy, and immunocytochemistry and electron radioautographic methods. In cancer stroma marked decrease the total number of T and B cells, in addition to a disturbance of the relations between populations and subpopulations, witch leads to the imbalance of the immune response to tumor growth. In the colon and breast cancer the disturbance of the specific function of fibroblasts and the violation of their cytodifferentiation occur.

[Functional morphology of the vagus nerve nuclei changes in the medulla oblongata (N. Ambiguus, N. Dorsalis), induced by influenza a (H(3)N(I)) in experiment].

Morphological changes of the brain cortex IV-V layers, the structures of n. ambiguus, n. dorsalis and n.

[The level of matrix metalloproteinases and type IV collagen in the gingival mucosa under different clinical forms of periodontitis in pre-and pubertal periods and their prognostic value].

The purpose of the study - the analysis of the prevalence and gravity of periodontal diseases among school adolescents and detection the relationship between the degree of periodontal tissues changes and the hormonal status of the prepubertal and pubertal periods. The total number of observations - 618 Tbilisi schoolchildren at the age of 9 to 17 years. Cohort group (n=50) was divided by age: 1) 9-13 years (n=26), 2) 14-17 years (n=24).

[Periodontal tissue pathology in pubertal children (pupils)].

The study aimed at investigation of the rate of periodontal pathologies in juvenile adolescents, the analysis of the severity of the disease and detection of the correlation between the periodontal tissue pathology and hormonal status of pre-and pubertal periods. A stomatologic (dental) status of 618 pupils, 9-15 of ages in Tbilisi General Education Schools has been studied--to detect the rate and intensity of periodontal pathologies and analyze the influence of hormonal changes of juvenile periodontal tissues. According to the obtained results we can conclude that the high rate of periodontal diseases has been fixed in pre-pubertal and pubertal schoolchildren (pupils).