The Effect of Various Combinations of Peripheral Nerve Blocks on Postoperative Pain in Laparoscopic Cholecystectomy: A Comparative Prospective Study.

Objectives: Most patients who undergo laparoscopic cholecystectomy (LC) experience moderate to severe pain in the first 24 hours after surgery. The transversus abdominal plane (TAP) is currently used for post-LC analgesia. Posterior, subcostal, or rectus sheath TAP blocks are the conventional approaches used.

[Lesions of the cortical part of the auditory analyzer in explosive injury].

A survey of 48 victims aged 19-36 years with explosive trauma and combined damage to the auditory system was conducted to assess the level of damage to nerve structures by analyzing the bioelectric activity of the cerebral cortex. All patients underwent electroencephalography (EEG). It is established that akubarotrauma of explosive genesis almost always leads to lesions of the function of the cortical part of the auditory analyzer.

[Modern approaches and prospective directions in treatment of acute sensorineural hearing loss following acoustic trauma].

The article presents a review of the literature on the treatment of acute sensorineural hearing loss, acoustic trauma in people exposed to impulse noise. Groups of the most used drugs for the pharmacological correction of hearing impairment in this pathology are present, such as glucocorticosteroids, antioxidants, nootropics, antihypoxants, and others, are covered. Particular attention is paid to use of drugs taking into account the main links of pathogenesis.

Robotic Mediastinal Surgery in Patients with Suspected Thymic Neoplasms: First Israeli Experience.

Background: Thymectomy is a reliable surgical method for treating patients with myasthenia gravis (MG) and benign tumors of the thymus. Despite the advantages of minimally invasive surgical approaches for resection of thymic neoplasms, there are still controversies regarding the superiority of one type of surgery over another.

Objectives: To report the results of our initial Israeli experience with robotic thymectomy in 22 patients with MG and suspected benign thymic tumors.

[The substantiation of the rational otorhinolaryngological strategy for the treatment of the severe form of a combined head injury with the damage to the nasal sinuses].

The objective of the present work was to substantiate the rational otorhinolaryngological strategy for the treatment of the severe form of combined head injuries with the damage to the nasal sinuses. The theoretical support of the study was provided by the use of such methods as analysis and synthesis, generalization and comparison. The practical methods included the general clinical studies, tests for the functional state of the intranasal mucous membrane, evaluation of motor activity of ciliated epithelium and microbiological techniques.

[The substantiation of the approach for endoscopic surgery of nasal liquorrhea].

The objective of the present study was to develop a rationale for the approach to be employed in endoscopic surgery of nasal liquorrhea. A total of 69 patients presenting with this condition were available for the observation. Traumatic liquorrhea accounted for 80% of the cases, iatrogenic liquorrhea for 10%, liquorrhea associated with malformations for 5%, and spontaneous liquorrhea for 5% of the cases.

[The application of a CO(2)-laser for tonsillectomy in the patients presenting with chronic decompensated tonsillitis as an alternative to the traditional methods of surgical treatment].

Aim Of The Study: to estimate the clinical efficiency and advantages of the surgical treatment of palatal tonsils with the use of a CO(2)-laser in comparison with the traditional methods of tonsillectomy.

Methods: A total of 175 patients presenting with decompensated tonsillitis were available for the observation of which 79 were operated with the use of a CO(2)-laser. The control group was comprised of the patients undergoing conventional tonsillectomy.

Lobectomy for non-small cell lung cancer: differences in morbidity and mortality between thoracotomy and thoracoscopy.

Objective: Until the last decade, lobectomy by thoracotomy (TL) was the "gold standard" for treatment of patients with operable lung carcinoma. Today, video-assisted thoracic surgery lobectomy (VATS-L) has become accepted as a safe and effective procedure to treat early-stage lung cancer. We analyzed and compared postoperative complications, hospital stay, morbidity, and mortality after TL and VATS-L in patients with non-small cell lung carcinoma (NSCLC).

[Analysis of the extra-aural dependence of hearing disorders in civic flight personnel].

The correlation of incidence of hearing loss and concomitant pathologies in civil pilots with auditory analyzer sensitivity to aviation noise and length of service was investigated with the use of two-factor variance analysis w/o repetition. As a result of screening, 335 people (group-1) had only trace of audiometric noise impact; 108 people (group-2) displayed a sustained loss of hearing (chronic sensorineural hearing loss). In the aggregate, data of the investigation evidences that incidence of cardiovascular diseases (atherosclerosis of aorta and coronary arteries, atherosclerotic cardiosclerosis) and sensorineural hearing loss depend reliably on both individual sensitivity to noise and length of service.

[Hearing loss as an occupation pathology in civil pilots].

Occupational hearing loss in civil pilots was analyzed, compared and contrasted with hearing pathologies in people of ground "noise" occupations. Analysis of medical check records of 609 pilots examined at the age from 26 to 68 yrs. revealed 431 cases of sensory deafness.

Total cell associated electrolyte homeostasis in rat spinal cord cells following apparently irreversible injury.

Background: We investigated total electrolyte homeostasis in spinal cord cells of rats subjected to irreversible spinal cord trauma.

Material/methods: Forty-two rats underwent total transection of spinal cord (Group 1); chemical neurolysis by 10% lidocaine overdose (Group 2); sham "injury" (Group 3). Spinal cords were isolated 24 h, 72 h or 7 days following injury.

[Transsphenoidal surgery for large and giant pituitary adenomas by intraoperative video endomonitoring].

The paper analyzes the outcomes of surgical treatment of patients with pituitary adenomas on the basis of 614 performed transsphenoidal surgical appliances, of which there were 209 large and giant pituitary adenomas. The use of intraoperative video endomonitoring during these interventions could substantially reduced the number of complications, enhance the radicalism and selectivity of a surgical appliance. By using such advantages as endoscopy as powerful lighting, an endomicroscopic phenomenon, and a lateral view, at surgery we could precisely determine the borders of an adenoma, the site and sizes of non-removed tumors fragments.

The lateral recumbent head-down position decreases the incidence of epidural venous puncture during catheter insertion in obese parturients.

Purpose: The unintentional and unrecognized cannulation of an extradural vein is a potentially serious complication of an epidural anesthetic. The present study was undertaken to assess the incidence of blood vessel puncture related to epidural catheterization in three different body positions, in a cohort of morbidly obese parturients, following the completion of a similar study published in 2001 from which such parturients were excluded.

Methods: The study was conducted in 450 (three groups of 150) morbidly obese, obstetric patients undergoing continuous epidural analgesia during labour.

[Clinical and statistical patterns of the hearing system lesions caused by explosive mine trauma].

Mine-explosive trauma has become the predominant type of pathology in the structure of surgical sanitary losses. In 70-75% of the cases it is combined with acoustic injury that requires the improvement of diagnosis and prediction of acoustic injuries at the stage of qualified medical care. In 772 casualties with mine-explosive trauma admitted to the different departments of Kabul Central Hospital the conditions of explosive injury were identified and statistical analysis of acoustic injury dependence on the above-mentioned conditions was conducted.

[The surgical procedure in blind gunshot wounds of the skull base].

Personal clinical observations during the recent years allow the authors to confirm the indisputable value of surgical experience got during the Great Patriotic War (1941-1945) and in particular, the "fourfold" scheme proposed by V. I. Voiachek for the diagnosis and treatment of blind gunshot wounds to the skull base.

[The early diagnosis of the severity of blast trauma to the brain and auditory system].

This paper presents the information on the early period of an explosive head trauma and trauma to the auditory system. Different types of hearing impairment, the staging of the pathological process were determined along with various immunological and biochemical changes occurring in this group of patients. The results of the study call for necessity of the early ENT observation of all patients in whom an explosive trauma is suspected.

[The diagnosis of damages to the auditory system in the early period of explosive mine trauma and the optimization of treatment for the victims].

The wide use of the mine-explosive weapon in modern military conflicts is accompanied by high specific weight of mine-explosive traumas (MET), which achieve 30-40% of all traumas. In the departments of the hospital in 21.3-35.

[Methodological bases of studying vestibular reactions].

The paper outlines the current concepts of the physiological functions of the vestibular system and identifies their contradictions. It suggests that from the standpoint of the theory of functional systems and, in the biocybernetic context, the vestibular apparatus should be regarded as an individual component of the whole static and kinetic system that ensures the coordination of movements, the function of the vestibular apparatus as part of the common afferent current and somatic, sensory, and autonomic reactions as the ultimate result of the whole system's activity.

[Clinical vestibulometry: current status and future prospects].

Rotation and caloric methods of vestibular stimulation proposed and adopted during the last decades have been reviewed in terms of their efficacy in differential and topic diagnosis, clinical practicability. Systemic and bio-cybernetics approaches to vestibular apparatus and function have been analyzed. The need of using neurophysiological and cybernetics methods for further progress in relevant research and most promising trends in advancing clinical vestibulometry have been determined.

[The reactions of the upper respiratory pathways to low doses of ionizing radiation].

The state of upper respiratory tract, non-specific cell resistance and immune status were studied in persons who participated in liquidation of the Chernobyl APS disaster consequences. The prolonged influence of factors caused by small doses of ionizing irradiation leads to mucosa affection of upper respiratory tract, considerable reduction of phagocytic and antiviral activity of monocytes and worsening of the immune status of organism. The data obtained during researches explains the considerable increase of ARD among these persons.

[Characteristics of lesions of paranasal sinuses in patients with optic chiasm arachnoiditis].

The paper provides data on a comprehensive rhinological and x-ray examination of 201 patients suffering from optochiasmal arachnoiditis (OCA). Paranasal affection (as a rule polysinusitis) was disclosed in 75.6% of the examinees.