Revolutionizing healthcare: inorganic medicinal nanoarchitectonics for advanced theranostics.

Over the last two decades, advancements in nanomaterials and nanoscience have paved the path for the emergence of nano-medical convergence science, significantly impacting healthcare. In our review, we highlight how these advancements are applied in various biomedical technologies such as drug delivery systems, bio-imaging for diagnostic and therapeutic purposes. Recently, novel inorganic nanohybrid drugs have been developed, combining multifunctional inorganic nanomaterials with therapeutic agents (known as inorganic medicinal nanoarchitectonics).

Upregulation of NGF/TrkA-Related Proteins in Dorsal Root Ganglion of Paclitaxel-Induced Peripheral Neuropathy Animal Model.

Background: Paclitaxel (PTX) can induce chemotherapy-induced peripheral neuropathy (CIPN) as a side effect. The aim of this study was to understand the neurochemical changes induced by NGF/TrkA signaling in PTX-induced neuropathic pain.

Methods: The PTX-induced CIPN mouse model was evaluated using nerve conduction velocity (NCV) and behavioral tests.

A functionalized cell membrane biomimetic nanoformulation based on layered double hydroxide for combined tumor chemotherapy and sonodynamic therapy.

The development of nanoformulations with simple compositions that can exert targeted combination therapy still remains a great challenge in the area of precision cancer nanomedicine. Herein, we report the design of a multifunctional nanoplatform based on methotrexate (MTX)-loaded layered double hydroxide (LDH) coated with chlorin e6 (Ce6)-modified MCF-7 cell membranes (CM) for combined chemo/sonodynamic therapy of breast cancer. LDH nanoparticles were loaded with MTX coprecipitation, and coated with CM that were finally functionalized with phospholipid-modified Ce6.

Exploring microRNA patterns as biomarkers of FOLFOX chemotherapy-induced peripheral neuropathy in patients with colorectal cancer.

FOLFOX is a combination of chemotherapeutic agents (5-fluorouracil, leucovorin, and oxaliplatin) and is used to treat advanced colorectal cancer (CRC) but induces various side effects. Chemotherapy-induced peripheral neuropathy (CIPN) is one of the most critical side effects that compromise the quality of life of patients with CRC undergoing FOLFOX chemotherapy. This study aimed to evaluate circulating miRNA, cortisol and catecholamine as potential biomarkers that can predict FOLFOX-CIPN symptoms.

Extract Improves DNCB-Induced Atopic Dermatitis in a Mouse Model via the Nrf2/HO-1 Pathway.

Atopic dermatitis (AD) is a persistent inflammatory skin condition resulting from an intricate interplay among genetic, immunological, and environmental factors. (EA), an annual winter plant belonging to the family Asteraceae, possesses anti-inflammatory, cytoprotective, and antioxidant activities. In this study, we hypothesized that extract (EAE) could be an effective agent for ameliorating AD-like symptoms.

Metastatic intestinal adenocarcinoma with osseous metaplasia in two Domestic Korean Shorthair cats.

Two Domestic Korean Shorthair cats presented with dyschezia and vomiting. Computed tomography revealed a colonic mass with calcification and lymph node metastasis in case 1, and a small intestinal mass with disseminated mesenteric metastasis and calcification in case 2. Histopathology revealed intestinal adenocarcinoma with osseous metaplasia.

The Next Generation COVID-19 Antiviral; Niclosamide-Based Inorganic Nanohybrid System Kills SARS-CoV-2.

The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic is a serious global threat with surging new variants of concern. Although global vaccinations have slowed the pandemic, their longevity is still unknown. Therefore, new orally administrable antiviral agents are highly demanded.

Protocatechuic Acid and Syringin from Nakai Attenuate Prostaglandin Production in Human Keratinocytes Exposed to Airborne Particulate Matter.

Nakai offers a reliable and efficient source of antioxidants that can help alleviate adverse skin reactions triggered by air pollutants. Air pollutants, such as particulate matter (PM), have the ability to infiltrate the skin and contribute to the higher occurrence of cardiovascular, cerebrovascular, and respiratory ailments. Individuals with compromised skin barriers are particularly susceptible to the impact of PM since it can be absorbed more readily through the skin.

Identification of miR-143-3p as a diagnostic biomarker in gastric cancer.

Background: Gastric cancer (GC) is among the most common types of gastrointestinal cancers and has a high incidence and mortality around the world. To suppress the progression of GC, it is essential to develop diagnostic markers. MicroRNAs regulate GC development, but a clearer insight into their role is needed before they can be applied as a molecular markers and targets.

Curcumin in exfoliated layered double hydroxide nanoparticles: Pre-clinical evaluation as lung cancer nanomedicine.

Rationally designed ∼ 100 nm sized curcumin (CRC) loaded exfoliated layered double hydroxide nanoparticles (X-LDH/CRC-NPs) have been tested for its suitability as nanomedicine in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) cell lines (A549 and NCI-H460) resulting enhanced apoptosis. Preclinical evaluation on A549 tumor bearing nude mouse model confirmed that such a well-designed X-LDH/CRC NPs would be highly advantageous for treating lung cancers.

Multifunctional Layered Double Hydroxides for Drug Delivery and Imaging.

Two-dimensional nanomaterials, particularly layered double hydroxides (LDHs), have been widely applied in the biomedical field owing to their biocompatibility, biodegradability, controllable drug release/loading ability, and enhanced cellular permeability. Since the first study analyzing intercalative LDHs in 1999, numerous studies have investigated their biomedical applications, including drug delivery and imaging; recent research has focused on the design and development of multifunctional LDHs. This review summarizes the synthetic strategies and in-vivo and in-vitro therapeutic actions and targeting properties of single-function LDH-based nanohybrids and recently reported (from 2019 to 2023) multifunctional systems developed for drug delivery and/or bio-imaging.

Operation of national coordinating service for interhospital transfer from emergency departments: experience and implications from Korea.

Background: Since 2014, Korea has been operating the National Emergency Medical Situation Room (NEMSR) to provide regional emergency departments (EDs) with coordination services for the interhospital transfer of critically ill patients. The present study aimed to describe the NEMSR's experience and interhospital transfer pattern from EDs nationwide, and investigate the factors related to delayed transfers or transfers that could not be arranged by the NEMSR.

Methods: This study was a retrospective cross-sectional analysis of the NEMSR's coordination registry from 2017 to 2019.

Clinical utility of immature reticulocyte fraction for identifying early red blood cell regeneration in anemic dogs.

Background: Evaluating regeneration is essential for the classification and differential diagnosis of anemia in dogs. Early detection of regeneration is challenging in anemic dogs.

Objectives: This study assessed the value of immature reticulocyte fraction (IRF) in differentiating preregenerative anemia (PRA) from nonregenerative anemia (NRA) in dogs.

NOAEL cancer therapy: a tumor targetable docetaxel-inorganic polymer nanohybrid prevents drug-induced neutropenia.

To date, cancer therapies largely consist of five pillars: surgery, radiation, chemotherapy, targeted therapy, and immunotherapy. Still, researchers are trying to innovate the current cancer therapies to pursue an ideal one without side effects. For developing such a therapy, we designed a chemically well-defined route to a PEG- and docetaxel (DTX)-conjugated inorganic polymer, polyphosphazene, named "polytaxel (PTX)" with a prolonged blood circulation time and tumor localization.

Serum uromodulin in dogs with chronic kidney disease.

Background: Serum uromodulin concentration has been described as a novel biomarker of chronic kidney disease (CKD) in humans but not dogs.

Objective: To evaluate the serum uromodulin concentration in dogs with CKD and assess its diagnostic performance in distinguishing dogs with CKD from healthy dogs.

Animals: Forty-nine dogs with CKD (International Renal Interest Society [IRIS] Stage 1, n = 23; Stage 2, n = 20; Stage 3-4, n = 6) and 25 healthy controls.

Effects of Nanofillers Based on Cetyltrimethylammonium-Modified Clays in a Polypropylene Nanocomposite.

Nanocomposites of hydrophobic organo-clay/polypropylene (organo-clay/PP) were efficiently developed through a solution-blending technique. For this, we utilized various smectite clays as host agents; namely, Na-montmorillonite (Mt, ~1000 nm), Na-fluorine mica (Mica, ~1500 nm), and Na-hectorite (Ht, ~60 nm) with varied sizes, layer charges, and aspect ratios. Such clays were functionalized with cetyltrimethylammonium (CTA) bromide via an intercalation technique to obtain hydrophobic organic clays.

pH-Responsive Inorganic/Organic Nanohybrids System for Controlled Nicotinic Acid Drug Release.

Although nicotinic acid (NA) has several clinical benefits, its potency cannot be fully utilized due to several undesirable side effects, including cutaneous flushing, GIT-associated symptoms, etc. To overcome such issues and improve the NA efficacy, a new inorganic-organic nanohybrids system was rationally designed. For making such a hybrid system, NA was intercalated into LDH through a coprecipitation technique and then coated with Eudragit S100 to make the final drug delivery system called Eudragit S100-coated NA-LDH.

Bio-Inorganic Layered Double Hydroxide Nanohybrids in Photochemotherapy: A Mini Review.

Clay-based bio-inorganic nanohybrids, such as layered double hydroxides (LDH), have been extensively researched in the various fields of biomedicine, particularly for drug delivery and bio-imaging applications. Recent trends indicate that such two-dimensional LDH can be hybridized with a variety of photo-active biomolecules to selectively achieve anti-cancer benefits through numerous photo/chemotherapies (PCT), including photothermal therapy, photodynamic therapy, and magnetic hyperthermia, a combination of therapies to achieve the best treatment regimen for patients that cannot be treated either by surgery or radiation alone. Among the novel two-dimensional clay-based bio-inorganic nanohybrids, LDH could enhance the photo-stability and drug release controllability of the PCT agents, which would, in turn, improve the overall phototherapeutic performance.

Artesunate drug-loaded 2D nano-shuttle landing on RBCs infected with malaria parasites.

Artesunic acid (AS), a derivative of artemisinin, is recommended for the treatment of severe and complicated malaria, but its use is limited because of limitations such as a short half-life, non-specific targeting capability, low bioavailability, . To overcome these issues, a novel 2D inorganic delivery shuttle system for an AS drug to target the malarial host, red blood cells (RBCs), is explored by immobilizing AS into 2D metal hydroxides to form AS (artesunate, the deprotonated form of artesunic acid) nanohybrid drugs. Haemolysis assay showed that the AS nanohybrids not only are haemo-compatible but also target RBCs due to the electrostatic interaction and hydrogen bonding between RBCs and AS nanohybrids.

Dilute lattice doping of Cu into 2D-nanoplates: its impact on radio-labeling efficiency and stability for target selective PET imaging.

A quintinite nanoplate (Cu-QT-NP) isomorphically substituted with Cu, as the positron emission tomography (PET) imaging material, was prepared two-step processes. A Cu labeling efficiency of 99% was realized, for the first time, by immobilizing the Cu radioisotope directly in the octahedral site of the 2-dimensional (2D) quintinite lattice. Furthermore, the Cu labeling stability of Cu-QT-NPs was also achieved to be more than ∼99% in various solutions such as saline, phosphate-buffered saline (PBS), and other biological media (mouse and human serums).

The emergence of nanoporous materials in lung cancer therapy.

Lung cancer is one of the most common cancers, affecting more than 2.1 million people across the globe every year. A very high occurrence and mortality rate of lung cancer have prompted active research in this area with both conventional and novel forms of therapies including the use of nanomaterials based drug delivery agents.

Expression Profiles of Circulating MicroRNAs in XELOX-Chemotherapy-Induced Peripheral Neuropathy in Patients with Advanced Gastric Cancer.

Gastric cancer (GC) is one of the most common cancers and a leading cause of cancer deaths around the world. Chemotherapy is one of the most effective treatments for cancer patients, and has remarkably enhanced survival rates. However, it has many side effects.

Monolayer Graphitic Carbon Nitride as Metal-Free Catalyst with Enhanced Performance in Photo- and Electro-Catalysis.

The g-CN monolayer in the perfect 2D limit was successfully realized, for the first time, by the well-defined chemical strategy based on the bottom-up process. The most striking evidence was made from Cs-high resolution transmission electron microscopy measurements by observing directly the atomic structure of g-CN unit cell, which was again supported by the corresponding high resolution transmission electron microscopy image simulation results. We demonstrated that the newly prepared g-CN monolayer showed outstanding photocatalytic activity for HO generation as well as excellent electrocatalytic activity for oxygen reduction reaction.

Stimuli-Responsive Drug Delivery of Doxorubicin Using Magnetic Nanoparticle Conjugated Poly(ethylene glycol)--Chitosan Copolymer.

Stimuli-responsive nanoparticles are regarded as an ideal candidate for anticancer drug targeting. We synthesized glutathione (GSH) and magnetic-sensitive nanocomposites for a dual-targeting strategy. To achieve this goal, methoxy poly (ethylene glycol) (MePEG) was grafted to water-soluble chitosan (abbreviated as ChitoPEG).

Neuroprotective properties of ethanolic extract of Citrus unshiu Markovich peel through NADPH oxidase 2 inhibition in chemotherapy-induced neuropathic pain animal model.

The present study aimed to determine the antioxidant effect of Citrus unshiu Markovich (CUM) extract in neuronal cell lines under oxidative stress and to investigate the effect of chemotherapy-induced peripheral neuropathy (CIPN) on the nociceptive response in a preclinical mice model. We tested the inhibition of H O in Neuro2A cells treated with CUM. Experimental animals were treated with oxaliplatin to induce CINP, and then administered oral CUM for 4 weeks in order to observe the effect of CUM.