Correlating intravital multi-photon microscopy to 3D electron microscopy of invading tumor cells using anatomical reference points.

Correlative microscopy combines the advantages of both light and electron microscopy to enable imaging of rare and transient events at high resolution. Performing correlative microscopy in complex and bulky samples such as an entire living organism is a time-consuming and error-prone task. Here, we investigate correlative methods that rely on the use of artificial and endogenous structural features of the sample as reference points for correlating intravital fluorescence microscopy and electron microscopy.

The use of technology for delivering a weight loss program for adolescents with intellectual and developmental disabilities.

Adolescents with intellectual and developmental disabilities (IDD) are at an increased risk of obesity, with up to 55% considered overweight and 31% obese. However, there has been minimal research on weight management strategies for adolescents with IDD. The purpose of this study was to compare the effectiveness of two weight loss diets, an enhanced Stop Light Diet (eSLD) and a conventional diet (CD), and to determine the feasibility of using tablet computers as a weight loss tool in overweight and obese adolescents with IDD.

Pharmacological blockade of memory reconsolidation in posttraumatic stress disorder: three negative psychophysiological studies.

Posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) may involve over-consolidated emotional memories of the traumatic event. Reactivation (RP) can return a memory to an unstable state, from which it must be restabilized (reconsolidated) if it is to persist. Pharmacological agents administered while the memory is unstable have been shown to impair reconsolidation.

Strangeness suppression of qq creation observed in exclusive reactions.

We measured the ratios of electroproduction cross sections from a proton target for three exclusive meson-baryon final states: ΛK(+), pπ(0), and nπ(+), with the CLAS detector at Jefferson Lab. Using a simple model of quark hadronization, we extract qq creation probabilities for the first time in exclusive two-body production, in which only a single qq pair is created. We observe a sizable suppression of strange quark-antiquark pairs compared to nonstrange pairs, similar to that seen in high-energy production.

Injury risk to extraosseous knee vasculature during osteotomies: a cadaveric study with CT and dissection analysis.

Background: Realignment osteotomies about the knee may be performed as distal femoral or proximal tibial osteotomies; both may be performed either on the medial or lateral sides of the knee, in closing- or opening-wedge fashion. Although rare, injury to neurovascular structures may occur, and the proximity of the vascular structures to the osteotomy saw cuts has been incompletely characterized.

Questions/purposes: We performed a cadaver study to assess the risk of vascular injury in patients undergoing realignment osteotomies by (1) quantifying the distances between osteotomy saw cuts and blood vessels using three-dimensional CT reconstruction after distal femoral and proximal tibial osteotomies; and (2) qualitatively describing the small- and medium-sized vasculature around the knee, to provide the link between the CT analysis and wedge incision measures, and better show the potential extraosseous supply to the regions investigated.

Nuclear physics. Momentum sharing in imbalanced Fermi systems.

The atomic nucleus is composed of two different kinds of fermions: protons and neutrons. If the protons and neutrons did not interact, the Pauli exclusion principle would force the majority of fermions (usually neutrons) to have a higher average momentum. Our high-energy electron-scattering measurements using (12)C, (27)Al, (56)Fe, and (208)Pb targets show that even in heavy, neutron-rich nuclei, short-range interactions between the fermions form correlated high-momentum neutron-proton pairs.

The effect of suture-button fixation on simulated syndesmotic malreduction: a cadaveric study.

Background: The accuracy of reduction of distal tibiofibular syndesmosis disruptions has been associated with the clinical outcome. Suture-button fixation of the syndesmosis is a dynamic alternative mode of fixation. We hypothesized that with deliberate clamp-induced malreduction, suture-button fixation of the syndesmosis would allow a more anatomic post-fixation position compared with screw fixation.

Onecut1 and Onecut2 play critical roles in the development of the mouse retina.

The entire repertoire of intrinsic factors that control the cell fate determination process of specific retinal neurons has yet to be fully identified. Single cell transcriptome profiling experiments of retinal progenitor cells revealed considerable gene expression heterogeneity between individual cells, especially among different classes of transcription factors. In this study, we show that two of those factors, Onecut1 and Onecut2, are expressed during mouse retinal development.

Digital photography improves estimates of dietary intake in adolescents with intellectual and developmental disabilities.

Background: Dietary assessment of adolescents with intellectual and developmental disabilities (IDD) is challenging due to the limited cognitive abilities of this population.

Objective: The purpose of this study was to determine the feasibility of using of digital images to improve the estimates of energy and macronutrient intake from proxy-assisted 3-day food records in adolescents with IDD.

Method: Participants used a mobile device to take photos of all food and beverages consumed over a three-day period and simultaneously completed a standard parent-assisted 3-day food record at two separate time points.

Note: Effect of photodiode aluminum cathode frame on spectral sensitivity in the soft x-ray energy band.

Silicon photodiodes used for soft x-ray detection typically have a thin metal electrode partially covering the active area of the photodiode, which subtly alters the spectral sensitivity of the photodiode. As a specific example, AXUV4BST photodiodes from International Radiation Detectors have a 1.0 μm thick aluminum frame covering 19% of the active area of the photodiode, which attenuates the measured x-ray signal below ~6 keV.

Treatment response to the RENEW weight loss intervention in schizophrenia: impact of intervention setting.

Background: Individuals with serious mental illness have high rates of obesity and a need for specialized weight loss intervention programs. This study examines the efficacy of the RENEW weight loss intervention and examines the impact of the intervention setting on outcomes.

Method: 136 individuals with serious mental illness from 4 different settings were randomly assigned to receive the RENEW weight loss intervention or a control condition of treatment as usual.

Using correlative light and electron microscopy to study zebrafish vascular morphogenesis.

Live imaging is extremely useful to characterize the dynamics of cellular events in vivo, yet it is limited in terms of spatial resolution. Correlative light and electron microscopy (CLEM) allows combining live confocal microscopy with electron microscopy (EM) for the characterization of biological samples at high temporal and spatial resolution. Here we describe a protocol allowing extracting endothelial cell ultrastructure after having imaged the same cell in its in vivo context through live confocal imaging during zebrafish embryonic development.

Validation and reproducibility of a biplanar imaging system versus conventional radiography of foot and ankle radiographic parameters.

Background: Diagnosis of foot deformities is frequently supported by objective measures of bony alignment made on AP and lateral weight-bearing radiographs. The EOS biplanar imaging system has the capability of simultaneously capturing orthogonal AP and lateral images of the foot during weight-bearing with reduced radiation exposure. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the validity and reproducibility of common foot and ankle radiographic measurements made on images acquired with the EOS biplanar imaging system.

Spray-deposition and photopolymerization of organic-inorganic thiol-ene resins for fabrication of superamphiphobic surfaces.

Superamphiphobic surfaces, exhibiting high contact angles and low contact angle hysteresis to both water and low surface tension liquids, have attracted a great deal attention in recent years because of the potential of these materials in practical applications such as liquid-resistant textiles, self-cleaning surfaces, and antifouling/anticorrosion coatings. In this work, we present a simple strategy for fabricating of superamphiphobic coatings based on photopolymerization of hybrid thiol-ene resins. Spray-deposition and UV photopolymerization of thiol-ene resins containing hydrophobic silica nanoparticles and perfluorinated thiols provide a multiscale topography and low-energy surface that endows the surface with superamphiphobicity.

Analysis of isotopic signals in the Danube River water at Tulln, Austria, based on daily grab samples in 2012.

Results of stable isotope measurements (δ(2)H, δ(18)O) of daily grab samples, taken from the Danube River at Tulln (river km 1963) during 2012, show seasonal and short-term variations depending on the climatic/hydrological conditions and changes in the catchment area (temperature changes, heavy rains and snow melt processes). Isotope ratios in river water clearly reflect the isotopic composition of precipitation water in the catchment area since evaporation influences play a minor role. Average δ(2)H and δ(18)O values in 2012 are-78‰ and-11.

Risks to the blood supply of the talus with four methods of total ankle arthroplasty: a cadaveric injection study.

Background: Despite the use of contemporary total ankle arthroplasty implant designs, clinical outcomes of total ankle arthroplasty continue to lag behind those of other joint replacement procedures. Disruption of the extraosseous talar blood supply at the time of ankle replacement may be a factor contributing to talar component subsidence-a common mechanism of early failure following ankle replacement. We evaluated the risk of injury to specific extraosseous arteries supplying the talus associated with specific total ankle arthroplasty implants.

Endothelial cilia mediate low flow sensing during zebrafish vascular development.

The pattern of blood flow has long been thought to play a significant role in vascular morphogenesis, yet the flow-sensing mechanism that is involved at early embryonic stages, when flow forces are low, remains unclear. It has been proposed that endothelial cells use primary cilia to sense flow, but this has never been tested in vivo. Here we show, by noninvasive, high-resolution imaging of live zebrafish embryos, that endothelial cilia progressively deflect at the onset of blood flow and that the deflection angle correlates with calcium levels in endothelial cells.

Comparative digital cartilage histology for human and common osteoarthritis models.

Purpose: This study addresses the species-specific and site-specific details of weight-bearing articular cartilage zone depths and chondrocyte distributions among humans and common osteoarthritis (OA) animal models using contemporary digital imaging tools. Histological analysis is the gold-standard research tool for evaluating cartilage health, OA severity, and treatment efficacy. Historically, evaluations were made by expert analysts.

Making of a retinal cell: insights into retinal cell-fate determination.

Understanding the process by which an uncommitted dividing cell produces particular specialized cells within a tissue remains a fundamental question in developmental biology. Many tissues are well suited for cell-fate studies, but perhaps none more so than the developing retina. Traditionally, experiments using the retina have been designed to elucidate the influence that individual environmental signals or transcription factors can have on cell-fate decisions.

Diet Quality of Overweight and Obese Adults with Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities as Measured by the Healthy Eating Index-2005.

Background: Little research has been conducted to examine diet quality of overweight and obese adults with intellectual and developmental disabilities (IDD) in the United States. The purpose of this study was to determine diet quality, as measured by the Healthy Eating Index-2005 (HEI-2005), of overweight and obese adults with IDD.

Methods: Data were obtained from community-dwelling overweight individuals.

Tripod Index: diagnostic accuracy in symptomatic flatfoot and cavovarus foot: part 2.

Background: The Tripod Index (TI) has been created to allow assessment of complex foot deformities. It utilizes tripod relationship between center of the heel, medial/lateral borders of the forefoot, and compare it to the center of the talar head. This study aimed to verify diagnostic accuracy of the TI in symptomatic flatfoot and cavovarus foot.