Optical liquid-crystal-television correlator for particle-image-velocimetry processing.

An application of an inexpensive liquid-crystal television as a processor for full-field velocity measurement techniques that require two-dimensional correlation is presented. With the use of nonspecialized optics, the results compare well with digital correlations.

Pharmacokinetics of doxycycline in dogs.

Six adult dogs were given doxycycline hyclate at a dosage of 5 mg/kg of body weight intravenously so that pharmacokinetic parameters could be evaluated. Serum doxycycline concentrations were determined over a 48 h period using a modified agar well bioassay. Compartmental pharmacokinetic evaluation of the serum concentration time data indicated that doxycycline has a half-life of 10.

Compartmental and noncompartmental pharmacokinetic analyses of minocycline hydrochloride in the dog.

Six adult dogs were given 5 mg of minocycline hydrochloride/kg of body weight IV. Pharmacokinetic evaluation of the serum drug concentration versus time data was performed, using the 2-compartment open model, the 3-compartment open model, and a noncompartmental model involving use of the statistical moment theory. All pharmacokinetic values except clearance were model independent.

Influence of endotoxin-induced fever on the pharmacokinetics of gentamicin in ewes.

The pharmacokinetics of gentamicin (3 mg/kg of body weight) were evaluated in 6 adult ewes before and after fever was induced with Escherichia coli endotoxin (1 micrograms/kg). In the ewes with normal rectal temperature, significant (P less than 0.05) increases in rectal temperature occurred before gentamicin injection and during the first 2 hours.

Serum erythromycin concentration in sheep fed two diets.

Serum erythromycin concentrations following a single IV injection (12.5 mg/kg) were compared in 6 sheep during feeding of a grass hay diet and a concentrate diet. The concentrate diet resulted in a mean decrease of at least 1 pH unit in forestomach fluid, but did not significantly alter either the serum drug concentrations or half-life.

Hepatitis in a dog given sulfadiazine-trimethoprim and cyclophosphamide.

Vomiting, diarrhea, icterus and elevated serum alkaline phosphatase, SGPT and serum bilirubin levels occurred in a 12-year-old Basenji on sulfadiazine-trimethoprim and cyclophosphamide therapy. After use of the antibacterial drug was discontinued, the dog returned to normal with no further evidence of hepatocellular damage.

Effects of promethazine on hemorrhagic shock in the dog.

The effects of pre- and post-treatment with promethazine, an antihistamine, in hemorrhage-shocked dogs were investigated. Survival to 6 hours was enhanced in the dogs given (IM administration) the H1-receptor antagonist at 1 hour before hemorrhage was induced when compared with survivals of saline-treated control dogs (3 of 5 dogs vs 1 of 5 dogs). Furthermore, 4 of 5 dogs given (IV administration) promethazine at 30 minutes after the initial hemorrhage survived.

Effect of hypocalcemia on motility of the ruminant stomach.

The sensitivity of ruminal and abomasal contractions to hypocalcemia was evaluated in sheep. Serum diffusible calcium concentrations were determined during induction of hypocalcemia (IV infusion of Na2EDTA) and recovery from hypocalcemia (no infusion). Contractile strength of the rumen gradually decreased as serum diffusible calcium concentrations decreased; significant correlation (r = 0.

Determination of blood pressure by indirect methods in dogs given acetylpromazine maleate.

This study was designed to monitor and compare indirect blood pressures by two methods (ultrasonic Doppler and photoelectric) after intravenous acetylpromazine maleate at three different doses (0.11, 0.55, and 1.

Effects of neomycin on the waveform of auditory-evoked brain stem potentials in dogs.

Neomycin sulfate was administered intravenously to eight mixed-breed dogs at a dosage of 30 mg/kg/day for as long as 50 days. Auditory-evoked brain stem potentials (AEBP) were recorded from the dogs three times a week. The AEBP amplitudes and latencies from the eight treated and the eight control dogs were compared.

Toxicity and bioaccumulation of pentachlorophenol in broiler chickens.

Hubbard-Hubbard broiler chickens were fed graded levels (0, 1, 10, 100, and 1000 ppm) of pentachlorophenol (PCP) containing less than .0023% octachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (OCDD) for 8 weeks. Tissue samples for PCP, OCDD, and pentachloroanisole (PCA) were cleaned up via gel permeation chromatography and analyzed by gas chromatography employing electron capture detection.

Tissue residues from feeding pentachloronitrobenzene (quintozene) to White Leghorn chickens.

One-day-old White Leghorn chicks were fed graded levels (0, 10, 50, 100 and 1,000 ppm) of pentachloronitrobenzene (PCNB; quintozene) up to 8 weeks. Each treatment group consisted of 90 randomly selected birds (2 replications of 45 birds each). Body weight gains were significantly lower at the 1,000-ppm treatment level.

Endotoxin absorption in hay-fed and lactic acidotic sheep.

Absorption of endotoxin from the gastrointestinal tract was evaluated in hay-fed and lactic acidotic sheep duodenally infused with 10 mg of Escherichia coli endotoxin, and in lactic acidotic sheep not infused. The effect of abomasal fluid on biological activity of endotoxin was also evaluated. Leukopenia was the criterion used for detecting endotoxemia.

The accumulation and elimination of tissue residues after feeding pentachloronitrobenzene to White Leghorn cockerels.

Day-old White Leghorn cockerels were fed graded levels (10, 50, 100, and 1000 ppm) of pentachloronitrobenzene (PCNB) containing pentachlorobenzene (PCB), tetrachloronitrobenzene (TCNB), and hexachlorobenzene (HCB) at trace contaminants, for 12 weeks. Bioaccumulation of PCNB and its metabolites in tissues does not appear to occur to any major extent. The contaminants of PCNB, HCB, and PCB were found to accumulate to a greater degree in adipose tissue than does PCNB itself.

Effect of ruminal lactic acid-utilizing bacteria on adaptation of cattle to high-energy rations.

Heifers, unadapted to a concentrate ration, were intraruminally inoculated (1 dose) with cultures of ruminal lactic acid-utilizing bacteria or with ruminal fluid from a steer adapted to a concentrate ration. Inoculation with cultures (1 L) of Selenomonas ruminantium or Megasphaera elsdenii did not produce better average daily weight gains or feed efficiency of heifers fed a high-energy ration for 21 days, if these values were compared with the performance of noninoculated heifers. Average daily weight gain and feed efficiency of heifers inoculated with 1 L of Peptococcus asaccharolyticus culture or with 1 L of adapted ruminal fluid and fed a high-energy ration for 21 days were better if these values were compared with the performance of noninoculated heifers.

Residues in broiler chickens fed low levels of hexachlorobenzene.

Male broiler chicks (Hubbard-Hubbard) were fed graded levels (0, 0.0006, 0.006, 0.

Studies of mechanisms of action of secretin and pancreozymin on rumen motility.

Rapid intravenous administration of a single bolus of secretin caused a marked decrease in both amplitude and frequency of rumen contractions, whereas pancreozymin administration caused a decrease in frequency but an increase in amplitude of rumen contractions. Alpha receptor blockade with phenoxybenzamine or beta receptor blockade with propranolol did not alter secretin or pancreozymin effects on rumen motility. Blockade of histamine receptor sites with tripelennamine did not prevent the secretin-induced decrease of rumen motility.

Lactic acid-utilizing bacteria in ruminal fluid of a steer adapted from hay feeding to a high-grain ration.

A mature, rumen-cannulated steer fed Coastal Bermuda grass hay for 8 weeks was adapted to a high-grain ration by stepwise increases in grain over a period of 4 weeks. The grain rations had concentrate-to-roughage ratios of 40:60, 70:30, and 85:15 and were fed for 10, 7, and 11 days, respectively. Numerical estimates of lactate-utilizing bacteria in ruminal fluid of the steer the last 3 days each ration was fed were made by colony counts.

Periovulatory changes in peripheral plasma progesterone and estrogen concentrations in the mare.

Concentrations of progesterone and estrogen were measured in peripheral blood plasma samples from mares around the time of ovulation. Samples were collected every 2 hours from 36 hours before, to 26 hours after, ovulation and assayed by radioimmunoassay. Progesterone concentrations were between 60 and 100 pg/ml for the period 24 hours before ovulation through 8 hours after ovulation.