Pretreating Recycled Carbon Fiber Nonwoven with a Sizing Formulation to Improve the Performance of Thermoplastic Recycled Fiber-Reinforced Composites.

Pyrolysis is already an established recycling method to recover the carbon fibers of end-of-life composites. However, the pyrolysis process removes the fiber sizing. Fiber sizing is a critical step in composite material production, influencing adhesion, protection and overall performance.

Walk the line: a systemic perspective on stress experienced by emergency medical personnel by comparing military and civilian prehospital settings.

Introduction: Emergency Medicine (EM) personnel in both military and civilian prehospital settings are often exposed to stressful and extreme events. Therefore, a cross-pollination between both contexts in terms of coping strategies may generate new information for purposes of training, prevention, and support programs. In the current study, we aimed at comparing both contexts to understand the type of stress events personnel experience; whether experience differs between civilian and military personnel; and how they cope with it.

Carbon, Glass and Basalt Fiber Reinforced Polybenzoxazine: The Effects of Fiber Reinforcement on Mechanical, Fire, Smoke and Toxicity Properties.

Bisphenol F and aniline-based benzoxazine monomers were selected to fabricate basalt, glass and carbon fiber reinforced polybenzoxazine via vacuum infusion, respectively. The impacts of the type of fiber reinforcement on the resulting material properties of the fiber reinforced polymers (FRPs) were studied. FRPs exhibited a homogenous morphology with completely impregnated fibers and near-zero porosity.

WODA Technical Guidance on Underwater Sound from Dredging.

The World Organization of Dredging Associations (WODA) has identified underwater sound as an environmental issue that needs further consideration. A WODA Expert Group on Underwater Sound (WEGUS) prepared a guidance paper in 2013 on dredging sound, including a summary of potential impacts on aquatic biota and advice on underwater sound monitoring procedures. The paper follows a risk-based approach and provides guidance for standardization of acoustic terminology and methods for data collection and analysis.

Pore Narrowing of Mesoporous Silica Materials.

To use mesoporous silicas as low-k materials, the pore entrances must be really small to avoid diffusion of metals that can increase the dielectric constant of the low-k dielectric. In this paper we present a new method to narrow the pores of mesoporous materials through grafting of a cyclic-bridged organosilane precursor. As mesoporous material, the well-studied MCM-41 powder was selected to allow an easy characterization of the grafting reactions.

Periodic Mesoporous Organosilicas: from simple to complex bridges; a comprehensive overview of functions, morphologies and applications.

Periodic Mesoporous Organosilicas (PMOs) were developed in 1999 and are basically ordered templated mesoporous organosilicas, prepared by the combination of a surfactant as template and a silsesquioxane as the organosilica precursor. They were one of the first examples of the so-called "hybrid" organic/inorganic materials. In the years that followed, an amazing variety of functional groups, morphologies and applications has been developed.

A new procedure to seal the pores of mesoporous low-k films with precondensed organosilica oligomers.

A new strategy to seal mesoporous low-k thin films with a pore size of 3 nm has been developed. This is achieved by spin-coating of a self-assembled carbon-bridged organosilica layer followed by a grafting with hexamethyl disilazane.

One-pot multistep reactions based on thiolactones: extending the realm of thiol-ene chemistry in polymer synthesis.

The in situ generation of thiols by nucleophilic ring-opening of a thiolactone with amines, followed by a UV-initiated radical thiol-ene reaction in a one-pot fashion, has been evaluated as an accelerated and versatile protocol for the synthesis of several types of polymeric architectures. After elaboration of a model amine-thiol-ene conjugation reaction, a number of routes based on readily available thiolactone-containing structures have been developed to successfully assemble functional, linear polymers and networks via a mild and facile radical photopolymerization process.

Implementation of a process analytical technology system in a freeze-drying process using Raman spectroscopy for in-line process monitoring.

The aim of the present study was to propose a strategy for the implementation of a Process Analytical Technology system in freeze-drying processes. Mannitol solutions, some of them supplied with NaCl, were used as models to freeze-dry. Noninvasive and in-line Raman measurements were continuously performed during lyophilization of the solutions to monitor real time the mannitol solid state, the end points of the different process steps (freezing, primary drying, secondary drying), and physical phenomena occurring during the process.

Single oral dose pharmacokinetic interaction study of manidipine and delapril in healthy volunteers.

Objective: The objective of the study was to assess potential pharmacokinetic interactions between delapril, an angiotensin conversion enzyme inhibitor, and manidipine, a calcium channel antagonist, prior to the development of a fixed combination drug product.

Methods: Eighteen healthy male volunteers received a single oral dose of 10 mg manidipine dihydrochloride (CAS 89226-75-5), or 30 mg delapril hydrochloride (CAS 83435-67-0), or both simultaneously, according to a fully balanced three-way cross-over design. The three treatments were separated by a one-week washout period.

Pharmacokinetics and tolerability of a new manidipine and delapril fixed oral combination in young and elderly subjects.

Objectives: The aim of the present study was to compare the pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic properties of a fixed combination tablet containing 10 mg of manidipine dihydrochloride (CAS 89226-75-5), a calcium channel antagonist, and 30 mg of delapril hydrochloride (CAS 83435-67-0), an angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitor, during once daily repeated dosing in young and elderly subjects and to assess the bioequivalence of the fixed combination tablet and the single ingredient tablets taken simultaneously in young healthy subjects after a single dose administration.

Methods: Eighteen young healthy male volunteers received a single oral dose of 10 mg manidipine and 30 mg delapril as two separate tablets or a fixed combination tablet, followed by a week of once daily dosing with the fixed combination. Eight male and eight female elderly volunteers also received a week of once daily dosing with the fixed combination.

Dietary oligofructose lowers triglycerides, phospholipids and cholesterol in serum and very low density lipoproteins of rats.

The present study was aimed at answering the question why feeding rats an oligofructose (OFS) supplemented diet could cause a significant reduction in plasma lipid levels. Daily administration of a 10% (w/w) OFS-containing diet to normolipidemic male rats resulted in a decrease in plasma triglycerides, phospholipids and cholesterol. The triglyceride-lowering effect was observed after one week and lasted for at least 16 wk and was associated with a reduction in plasma very low density lipoproteins, indicating that the hypolipidemic effect of OFS may be due to changes in liver lipid metabolism.

Developmental toxicity of valproic acid assessed in a sequential culture of hepatocytes and embryos.

The absence of maternal metabolism in the whole rodent embryo culture (WEC) may partially be considered as a limitation when chemicals are tested for teratogenicity. In the present study, the possibility to combine incubation of rat hepatocytes and WEC in a sequential way was investigated, and valproic acid (VPA) was used as a model compound. Rat hepatocytes were incubated at a density of 2 x 10(6) cells/ml in a mixture of Waymouth medium and human and rat serum (5:4:1, by vol.

Toxicity of the antitumoral drug datelliptium in hepatic cells: Use of models in vitro for the prediction of toxicity in vivo.

Datelliptium is a DNA-intercalating agent derived from ellipticine. The drug has potent antitumoral activity in vitro and in vivo. The first clinical use of the drug revealed unexpected hepatotoxic effects in humans that had not been observed in animals.

Synergism between aflatoxin B1 and oxytetracycline on fatty acid esterification in isolated rat hepatocytes.

The individual and combined effects of aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) and oxytetracycline (OXT) on the synthesis and secretion of triacylglycerols in isolated rat hepatocytes maintained in suspension during 2.5 h were studied. Secretion of triacylglycerols was inhibited by both drugs when administered separately.

Biochemical effects of methotrexate in isolated hepatocytes in relation to its steatogenic activity.

Methotrexate (MTX) is known to induce steatosis in humans. The effect of MTX on the synthesis and secretion of triglycerides and proteins as well as on RNA synthesis were evaluated using isolated rat hepatocytes in suspension as an experimental model. MTX significantly inhibited protein synthesis (48% inhibition after 180 min) and RNA synthesis (72% inhibition after 180 min) at 10(-3)m but not at a concentration of 10(-4)m.

Interaction between aflatoxin B1 and oxytetracycline in isolated rat hepatocytes.

Isolated rat hepatocytes were used as an in vitro model to investigate a possible interaction between oxytetracycline (OXT) and aflatoxin B1 (AFB1). LDH leakage, RNA and protein synthesis and glycogen accumulation were measured in the presence of both drugs, either separately or in combination. The evolution of LDH leakage during the incubation was identical in untreated and treated cells.

Adult rat liver slices as a model for studying the hepatotoxicity of vincaalkaloids.

There are certain disadvantages associated with the use of isolated or cultured cells including the need to use proteolytic enzymes for their isolation and loss of tissue organization. In order to provide an in vitro system for toxicological studies that preserves tissue integrity, a method for preparation and incubation of adult rat liver slices has been developed. Fresh ultra-thin liver slices were produced in large quantities at a rapid rate under conditions that cause minimal tissue trauma.

Investigation into the mechanism of tetracycline-induced steatosis: study in isolated hepatocytes.

Tetracycline is known to cause hepatic dysfunction in humans by inducing steatosis. Accumulation of fat in the liver could result from biochemical effects at various levels in the sequence from protein and triglyceride synthesis to lipoprotein secretion. The effects of tetracycline on the synthesis and secretion of triglycerides and proteins were studied in isolated rat hepatocytes surviving in suspension for up to 2.

Critical biochemical functions of isolated hepatocytes as sensitive indicators of chemical toxicity.

Isolated hepatocytes from adult male Wistar rats are a suitable experimental model to study the cytotoxicity of chemicals. Indeed, the isolated cells incubated in suspension in a Waymouth medium supplemented with 10% newborn calf serum maintain critical biochemical functions such as cytochrome P-450-dependent monooxygenase activity, glycogen, and protein synthesis capacities. This cellular model is used to detect the early biochemical effects of various xenobiotics, i.

Effects of diethyl maleate on protein synthesis in isolated hepatocytes.

Diethyl maleate is commonly used in toxicological and drug metabolism research using isolated adult rat hepatocytes. At the highest concentrations used the effect of diethyl maleate is, however, not limited to glutathione depletion. In these conditions it inhibits protein synthesis and it impairs the "L" system for amino acid transport.

Biochemical effects of nitrosopyrrolidine on isolated hepatocytes.

The present communication reports the effects of N-nitroso-pyrrolidine (NPYR) on some essential metabolic pathways in isolated hepatocytes. Isolated cells prepared by the collagenase-perfusion technique are incubated for 4 hours in suspension in a Waymouth medium, either in the absence or in the presence of NPYR (20 to 40 mmol/l). Under these conditions, NPYR, even at 40 mmol/l, has no effect on the vital staining of the cells by erythrosin B and does not increase the leakage of LDH, indicating no lethal effect.

Interference of chemicals with glycogen metabolism in isolated hepatocytes.

Freshly isolated hepatocytes in suspension were used to evaluate the possible effects of certain chemicals. Conditions including the choice of the incubation medium have been defined for maintaining the cells competent for a sufficient length of time. Using paracetamol alone or in combination with diethylmaleate, we have been able to show that these chemicals markedly alter the metabolic state of the cells, as indicated by an inhibition of glycogen synthesis and even by an enhancement of glycogen degradation, without modifying membrane integrity.