Mechanism of manganese-induced tolerance to cadmium lethality and hepatotoxicity.

Pretreatment with Mn2+ is known to produce tolerance to Cd2+-induced lethality. This study was designed to determine the mechanism of tolerance to Cd2+-induced lethality and hepatotoxicity following Mn2+ pretreatment. Rats given 36 mumoles Cd2+/kg, i.

Impact of a case manager program on psychiatric aftercare.

Shifting the locus of aftercare planning from hospital to community can enhance continuity of care. The authors compared chronically mentally ill patients assessed and managed by community-based practitioners trained in psychiatric rehabilitation with patients whose discharge planning was arranged by inpatient staff members. They found significant differences between the two groups in aftercare needs identified, aftercare referrals made, and use of aftercare services.

From hospital to community. Six-month and two-year outcomes for 505 patients.

The authors have completed a large descriptive study of the system of psychiatric aftercare in Metropolitan Toronto. This article describes the relevant 6-month and 2-year postdischarge outcome in each of five aftercare components for 505 subjects in a traditional system of service delivery. Provincial hospital, research institute, and general hospital subgroups are compared.

Regulation of lead inhibition of delta-aminolevulinic acid dehydratase by a low molecular weight, high affinity renal lead-binding protein.

The bioavailability of Pb in kidney is mediated in part by binding to high affinity cytosolic Pb-binding proteins (PbBP) of 11,500 (11.5K) and 63,000 (63K) daltons, which are not found in liver. Renal delta-aminolevulinic acid dehydratase (ALAD) is also markedly more resistant to Pb inhibition than hepatic ALAD in vivo.

Resistance to cadmium-induced hepatotoxicity in immature rats.

Because the concentration of metallothionein (MT) in perinatal rat liver is 10 to 20 times higher than levels present in liver of untreated adult rats, it was of interest to determine if immature rats are less susceptible to the hepatotoxic effects of cadmium (Cd) seen in adults. Male Sprague-Dawley adult rats received a hepatotoxic dose of 4.0 mg Cd/kg, iv, and 10-day-old rats received 4.

Tolerance to cadmium-induced hepatotoxicity following cadmium pretreatment.

Tolerance to several toxic effects of Cd, including lethality, has been shown following pretreatment with Cd. This study was designed to determine if tolerance also develops to Cd-induced hepatotoxicity. Rats were challenged with Cd (2.

Zinc-induced tolerance to cadmium hepatotoxicity.

Pretreatment with Zn is known to produce tolerance to several toxic effects of Cd. This study was designed to determine if zinc pretreatment decreased Cd-induced lethality and hepatotoxicity. Rats given 4.

Tolerance to cadmium-induced toxicity depends on presynthesized metallothionein in liver.

Tolerance to Cd-induced toxicity following pretreatment with Cd is well documented, yet the exact mechanism of tolerance and role of metallothionein (MT) remains equivocal. In this study it was determined if the rapid induction of MT following injection of a challenge dose of Cd or the concentration of presynthesized MT induced by Cd pretreatment is more important for development of tolerance by ascertaining (1) whether the rates of synthesis of MT differ following injection of the challenge dose of Cd in control and Cd-pretreated rats and (2) if a relationship exists between presynthesized hepatic or renal MT and tolerance to Cd-induced lethality. Rates of hepatic and renal MT synthesis did not differ following injection of a challenge dose of Cd (2.

Social support and post hospital outcome for depressed women.

In a larger follow-up study of discharged patients, a subgroup of 87 women with non-psychotic disorders had an unexpectedly poor outcome at six months with regard to readmissions, symptoms and social adjustment. The only factor which distinguished those who had been readmitted was lack of social support. Lack of social support was also related to poor symptom and social adjustment outcomes.

Altered subcellular distribution of cadmium following cadmium pretreatment: possible mechanism of tolerance to cadmium-induced lethality.

Animals pretreated with cadmium (Cd) subsequently develop tolerance to an otherwise lethal dose of Cd. Possible mechanisms for this tolerance include reduced absorption, an altered tissue distribution, and an altered subcellular distribution of Cd. Male rats received a single Cd pretreatment (2.

Psychiatric aftercare: identified needs versus referral patterns.

Although psychiatric aftercare has received increased attention, little is known about patients' needs for community resources or about predischarge referral patterns. The authors interviewed hospital staff about needs and referrals for each of 747 patients about to be discharged. Nearly all patients had needs in the medical/therapeutic area and most received referrals.

Training in large group therapy.

The widespread use of large group meetings as a treatment modality has exceeded the availability of staff trained in large group methods. The basic elements of an inservice training program are regular attendance by experienced senior staff who serve as role models, the serious and open use of review meetings following each large group meeting, and the establishment of group norms that facilitate functioning. A few crucial norms are identified and their importance is illustrated with examples from large group meetings.