Transformative Role of Artificial Intelligence in Reporting Haematology Cases: A Case Report.

Artificial intelligence (AI) is transforming haematology reporting by improving accuracy, standardisation, and speed, addressing the need for timely and precise diagnostics. This study explores the use of the AI100 (SigTuple Technologies Private Limited, Bangalore, India) automated machine, a smart robotic microscope designed to automate the microscopic analysis of peripheral blood smears. Through the analysis of four haematology cases, this study demonstrates how AI technology facilitates efficient cell identification, enhances risk stratification, enables early detection of abnormalities, and accelerates diagnostic turnaround times.

Rare Germline Variants in DNA Repair Genes Detected in -Negative Finnish Patients with Early-Onset Breast Cancer.

Background: Breast cancer is the most common malignancy, with a mean age of onset of approximately 60 years. Only a minority of breast cancer patients present with an early onset at or before 40 years of age. An exceptionally young age at diagnosis hints at a possible genetic etiology.

Larger recipient vein caliber during lymphatic microsurgical preventive healing approach (LYMPHA) is associated with lower lymphedema rates.

Background: The lymphatic microsurgical preventive healing approach reduces the risk of lymphedema after axillary lymph node dissection. We identified surgical factors of Lymphatic Microsurgical Preventive Healing Approach (LYMPHA) that influence lymphedema rates focusing on the vein caliber used.

Methods: A single-institution retrospective cohort study included breast cancer patients undergoing axillary lymph node dissection and LYMPHA (April 2021-November 2022) with a follow-up of at least 1 year.

Social Genomic Determinants of Health: Understanding the Molecular Pathways by Which Neighborhood Disadvantage Affects Cancer Outcomes.

Purpose: Neighborhoods represent complex environments with unique social, cultural, physical, and economic attributes that have major impacts on disparities in health, disease, and survival. Neighborhood disadvantage is associated with shorter breast cancer recurrence-free survival (RFS) independent of individual-level (race, ethnicity, socioeconomic status, insurance, tumor characteristics) and health system-level determinants of health (receipt of guideline-concordant treatment). This persistent disparity in RFS suggests unaccounted mechanisms such as more aggressive tumor biology among women living in disadvantaged neighborhoods compared with advantaged neighborhoods.

Comparing barriers to early stage diagnosis of hepatocellular carcinoma between safety net hospitals and academic medical centers: An analysis from the United States Safety-Net Collaborative.

Background And Objectives: Early detection of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is associated with improved survival. However, a greater proportion of patients treated at safety net hospitals (SNHs) present with late-stage disease compared to those at academic medical centers (AMCs). This study aims to identify barriers to diagnosis of HCC, highlighting differences between SNHs and AMCs.

Axillary management and long-term oncologic outcomes in breast cancer patients with clinical N1 disease treated with neoadjuvant chemotherapy.

Background: Low false negative rates can be achieved with sentinel lymph node biopsy (SLNB) after neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NAC) in breast cancer (BC) patients with clinical N1 (cN1) disease. We examined changes in axillary management and oncologic outcomes in BC patients with cN1 disease receiving NAC.

Methods: BC patients with biopsy proven cN1 disease treated with NAC were selected from our institutional cancer registry (2014-2017).

Associations Between Perceived Discrimination, Screening Mammography, and Breast Cancer Stage at Diagnosis: A Prospective Cohort Analysis.

Background: Despite higher breast cancer screening rates, black women still are more likely to have late-stage disease diagnosed. This disparity is influenced in part by structural and interpersonal racism. This prospective study sought to determine how interpersonal factors, including perceived discrimination, influence screening and stage of disease at diagnosis.

Correction: Jain et al. Proteomic Approach for Comparative Analysis of the Spike Protein of SARS-CoV-2 Omicron (B.1.1.529) Variant and Other Pango Lineages. 2022, , 34.

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Does structural racism impact receipt of NCCN guideline-concordant breast cancer treatment?

Purpose: Disparities in breast cancer survival remain a challenge. We aimed to analyze the effect of structural racism, as measured by the Index of Concentration at the Extremes (ICE), on receipt of National Cancer Center Network (NCCN) guideline-concordant breast cancer treatment.

Methods: We identified patients treated at two institutions from 2005 to 2017 with stage I-IV breast cancer.

Neighborhood Disadvantage and Breast Cancer-Specific Survival in the US.

Importance: Despite improvements in breast cancer screening, treatment, and survival, disparate breast cancer-specific survival outcomes persist, particularly in disadvantaged neighborhoods. Most of these disparities are attributed to disparities in individual, tumor, and treatment characteristics. However, a critical knowledge gap exists as to whether disparities in breast cancer-specific survival remain after accounting for individual, tumor, and treatment characteristics.

ZIP Code to Genomic Code: Neighborhood Disadvantage, Aggressive Breast Cancer Biology, and Breast Cancer Outcomes.

Objective: To determine the association between objective (geospatial) and subjective (perceived) measures of neighborhood disadvantage (ND) and aggressive breast cancer tumor biology, defined using validated social adversity-associated transcription factor (TF) activity and clinical outcomes.

Background: ND is associated with shorter breast cancer recurrence-free survival (RFS), independent of individual, tumor, and treatment characteristics, suggesting potential unaccounted biological mechanisms by which ND influences RFS.

Methods: We quantified TF-binding motif prevalence within promoters of differentially expressed genes for 147 tissue samples prospectively collected on the protocol.

Nurturing innovation, catalyzing change: Honoring the legacy of Dr. C. Barr Taylor in the eating disorders field.

This Virtual Issue of the International Journal of Eating Disorders honors the legacy of the late Dr. C. Barr Taylor in the eating disorders (EDs) field.

A Multi-institutional Analysis of Factors Influencing the Rate of Positive MRI Biopsy Among Women with Early-Stage Breast Cancer.

Background: The use of preoperative magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) for early-stage breast cancer (ESBC) is increasing, but its utility in detecting additional malignancy is unclear and delays surgical management (Jatoi and Benson in Future Oncol 9:347-353, 2013. https://doi.org/10.

Cultural adaptation of an integrated eating disorders prevention and healthy weight management program.

Background: Both eating disorder (ED) prevention and weight management interventions often focus on the thin ideal. Yet, many Black and Latina women do not view thinness as their body ideal. This study used focus groups to investigate the influence of race, ethnicity, and culture on appearance ideals and inform the cultural adaptation and integration of two established programs addressing EDs and weight management: the Body Project, and Healthy Weight Interventions.

Genetic Ancestry-specific Molecular and Survival Differences in Admixed Patients With Breast Cancer.

Objective: We aim to determine whether incremental changes in genetic ancestry percentages influence molecular and clinical outcome characteristics of breast cancer in an admixed population.

Background: Patients with breast cancer are predominantly characterized as "Black" or "White" based on self-identified race/ethnicity or arbitrary genetic ancestry cutoffs. This limits scientific discovery in populations that are admixed or of mixed race/ethnicity as they cannot be classified based on historical race/ethnicity boxes or genetic ancestry cutoffs.

Time to Cancer Treatment and Chemotherapy Relative Dose Intensity for Patients With Breast Cancer Living With HIV.

Importance: Patients with breast cancer and comorbid HIV experience higher mortality than other patients with breast cancer.

Objective: To compare time to cancer treatment initiation and relative dose intensity (RDI) of neoadjuvant and adjuvant chemotherapy among patients with breast cancer with vs without HIV.

Design, Setting, And Participants: A retrospective, matched cohort study enrolled women who received a diagnosis of breast cancer from January 1, 2000, through December 31, 2018.

Associations Between Neighborhood-Level Income and Triple-Negative Breast Cancer in a Majority-Minority Population.

Background: Previous studies on disparities in triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) focus on race/ethnicity, with few exploring the impact of contextual factors such as neighborhood-level income. This study evaluates the effect of neighborhood-level income on disparities in TNBC among a racially and ethnically diverse cohort, after accounting for granular individual-level risk factors of TNBC.

Patients And Methods: Patients with stage I-IV breast cancer from 2005 to 2017 were identified from our local tumor registry.

A Multiscale Spatiotemporal Epidemiological Analysis of Neighborhood Correlates of Triple-Negative Breast Cancer.

Background: Women living in disadvantaged neighborhoods present with increased prevalence rates of triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC). This study takes a spatiotemporal epidemiological approach to understand the impact of socioenvironmental contextual factors on TNBC prevalence rates.

Methods: We analyzed 935 TNBC cases from a major cancer center registry, between 2005 and 2017, to explore spatial and space-time clusters of TNBC prevalence rates at the census tract and neighborhood scales.

Post-Mastectomy Implant Complications in the Hispanic Breast Cancer Patient Population.

Background/aim: The purpose was to analyze the impact of post-mastectomy radiation therapy (PMRT) on implant-based breast reconstruction (IBR) in self-identified Hispanic patients compared to non-Hispanic counterparts.

Patients And Methods: We retrospectively reviewed patients who underwent IBR between January 1, 2017 and December 31, 2019 at a single hospital system. Patients were cisgender women, assigned female at birth, 18 years or older, and underwent mastectomy with immediate IBR +/- PMRT.